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Assignment of Mortgage (Commercial Real Estate Loan) (NY) | Practical Law

Assignment of Mortgage (Commercial Real Estate Loan) (NY)

Practical law standard document w-000-0857  (approx. 19 pages).

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Real Property – Mortgage Satisfaction – New York

Related new york legal forms.

• Assignment of Mortgage by Corporate Mortgage…
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Assignments Generally: Lenders, or holders of mortgages or deeds of trust, often assign mortgages or deeds of trust to other lenders, or third parties. When this is done the assignee (person who received the assignment) steps into the place of the original lender or assignor. To effectuate an assignment, the general rules is that the assignment must be in proper written format and recorded to provide notice of the assignment.

Satisfactions Generally: Once a mortgage or deed of trust is paid, the holder of the mortgage is required to satisfy the mortgage or deed of trust of record to show that the mortgage or deed of trust is no longer a lien on the property. The general rule is that the satisfaction must be in proper written format and recorded to provide notice of the satisfaction. If the lender fails to record a satisfaction within set time limits, the lender may be responsible for damages set by statute for failure to timely cancel the lien. Depending on your state, a satisfaction may be called a Satisfaction, Cancellation, or Reconveyance. Some states still recognize marginal satisfaction but this is slowly being phased out. A marginal satisfaction is where the holder of the mortgage physically goes to the recording office and enters a satisfaction on the face of the the recorded mortgage, which is attested by the clerk.

New York Law

Assignment: An assignment must be in writing and recorded.

Demand to Satisfy: Not required.

Recording Satisfaction: After full payoff, mortgagee, unless otherwise requested in writing by mortgagor, must execute and acknowledge before a proper officer a satisfaction of mortgage, and thereupon within forty-five days arrange to have the satisfaction of mortgage either presented for recording to the recording officer of the county where the mortgage is recorded, or, if so requested,to the mortgagor.

Marginal Satisfaction: Not allowed. Mortgage must be satisfied by recording of separate instrument of release.

Penalty: The Court shall award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees to the debtor, in the absence of the showing of a valid reason for the failure or refusal by the mortgagee to execute the satisfaction of mortgage and deliver the same.

Acknowledgment: An assignment or satisfaction must contain a proper New York acknowledgment, or other acknowledgment approved by Statute.

New York Statutes

Sec. 275. Certificate of discharge of mortgage required. [But see also, sec. 1921, below.]

1. Whenever a mortgage upon real property is due and payable, and the full amount of principal and interest due on the mortgage is paid, a certificate of discharge of mortgage shall be given to the mortgagor or person designated by him, signed by the person or persons specified in section three hundred twenty-one of this chapter. The person signing the certificate shall, within thirty days thereafter, arrange to have the certificate presented for recording to the recording officer of the county where the mortgage is recorded. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any mortgage granted to or made by the state of New York, or any agency or instrumentality thereof or any political subdivision of the state or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

2. For purposes of this section, the full amount of principal and interest due on a mortgage shall not be considered to be paid whenever such mortgage continues to secure a bona fide debt and an enforceable lien continues to exist, such as may occur in the following situations:

(a) the commercial practice of lenders trading or selling mortgages on the secondary market; (b) the replacement of a construction loan with permanent financing; (c) the refinancing of an existing loan with a new lender, such as where the original lender assigns a note and the mortgage securing its payment to another lender in return for consideration and such mortgage is consolidated with another mortgage which secures any funds advanced by the new lender to the mortgagor; (d) the modification of the terms of a loan by a mortgagor and mortgagee in order to avoid foreclosure; and (e) a refinancing that occurs in conjunction with the sale of property such that the seller conveys property to the purchaser subject to the lien of the mortgage and the original lender assigns its note and mortgage on the property to the purchaser`s lender.

§ 1921 Real Prop. Acts. Discharge of mortgage.

1. After payment of authorized principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder or otherwise owed by law has actually been made , and in the case of a credit line mortgage as defined in section two hundred eighty-one of the real property law on written request, a mortgagee of real property situate in this state, unless otherwise requested in writing by the mortgagor or the assignee of such mortgage, must execute and acknowledge before a proper officer, in like manner as to entitle a conveyance to be recorded, a satisfaction of mortgage, and thereupon within forty-five days arrange to have the satisfaction of mortgage:

(a) presented for recording to the recording officer of the county where the mortgage is recorded, or (b) if so requested by the mortgagor or the mortgagor’s designee, to the mortgagor or the mortgagor’s designee. The mortgagee shall within forty-five days deliver the note and the mortgage and where a title is registered under article twelve of the real property law, the registration copy of the mortgage and any registration certificates in the mortgagee’s possession to the mortgagor or the mortgagor’s designee making such payment and request if required as aforesaid. Delivery of a satisfaction of mortgage in accordance with the terms of section two hundred seventy-five of the real property law shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this section regarding the satisfaction of mortgage.

2. Upon the failure or refusal of any such mortgagee to comply with the foregoing provisions of this section any person having an interest in the mortgage or the debt or obligation secured thereby or in the mortgaged premises may apply to the supreme court or a justice thereof, or to the county court or a judge thereof, in or of any county in which the mortgaged premises or any part thereof are situated in whole or in part, upon a petition, for an order to show cause why an order should not be made by such court canceling and discharging the mortgage of record, and directing the register or clerk of any county in whose office the same may have been recorded to mark the same upon his records as canceled and discharged, and further ordering and directing that the debt or other obligation secured by the mortgage be canceled, upon condition that in the event such mortgage is not paid, the sums tendered pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this section be paid to the officer specified by law to hold court funds and moneys deposited in court in the county wherein the mortgaged premises are situated in whole or in part. Said petition must be verified in like manner as a verified pleading in an action in the supreme court and it must set forth the grounds of the application.

3. In any case where an actual tender, as provided in subdivision one of this section, cannot with due diligence be made within this state, any person having an interest in the mortgage or the debt or obligation secured thereby, or in the mortgaged premises, may apply to the supreme court or a justice thereof, or to the county court or a judge thereof, in or of any county in which the mortgaged premises, or any part thereof are situated in whole or in part, upon petition setting forth the grounds of the application and verified as aforesaid, for an order to show cause why an order should not be made by said court canceling and discharging the mortgage of record, and directing the register or clerk of any county in whose office the same may have been recorded to mark the same upon his records as canceled and discharged and further ordering and directing that the debt or other obligation secured by the mortgage be canceled, upon condition that the principal sum of the mortgage or any unpaid balance thereof, with interest up to the date when said order shall be entered and the aforesaid fees allowed by law, be paid to the officer specified by law to hold court funds and moneys deposited in court in the county wherein the mortgaged premises are situated in whole or in part.

4. In the case of a mortgage secured by property improved by a one-to-six family, owner occupied, residential structure or residential condominium unit, if the mortgagee fails within ninety days to deliver the satisfaction of mortgage and/or fails within ninety days to deliver the note and the mortgage and any other documents as required by subdivision one of this section and if the mortgage is not otherwise satisfied the mortgagee shall be liable to such person in the amount of five hundred dollars or the economic loss to such person, whichever is greater. If the mortgagee has delivered such satisfaction of mortgage in a timely manner and has certified that the note and/or mortgage are not in its possession as of such date, the mortgagee shall not be liable under this section if the mortgagee agrees to defend and hold harmless the mortgagor by reason of the inability or failure of the mortgagee to furnish the note or mortgage within the time period prescribed in this subdivision; provided that in connection with mortgage loans purchased prior to July twenty-seven, nineteen hundred ninety-one by the state of New York mortgage agency pursuant to section two thousand four hundred five or two thousand four hundred five-b of the public authorities law, the state of New York mortgage agency, its successors or assigns shall not be liable under this section if it does not defend and hold harmless the mortgagor by reason of the inability or failure of the state of New York mortgage agency, its successors or assigns to furnish the note or mortgage within the time period prescribed in this subdivision. Damages imposed by this subdivision shall be in addition to the other costs and fees allowed in this section.

5. (a) In the case of a mortgage secured by property improved by a one-to-six family, owner occupied, residential structure or residential condominium unit, if within ninety days of receipt of payment, and request if required, the mortgagee fails to deliver to the mortgagor or the mortgagor’s designee the satisfaction of mortgage, the note and the mortgage and any other documents as required by subdivision one of this section, any attorney-at-law may execute, acknowledge and upon payment of an additional filing fee of fifty dollars cause to be filed with the recording officer of the county where the mortgage is recorded, an affidavit which complies with this section. Unless the mortgagee shall file a verified objection to such affidavit within thirty-five days of being filed, as of the date thirty-five days subsequent to its filing, such affidavit shall be recorded and satisfy the lien of such mortgage on the mortgaged premises.

(b) The affidavit shall state that:

(i) The affiant is an attorney-at-law and that the affidavit is made on behalf of and at the request of the mortgagor or any person who has acquired title to the mortgaged premises; (ii) The mortgagor made a proper request of the mortgagee for theexecution of the satisfaction of mortgage pursuant to subdivision one ofthis section; (iii) The mortgagor has received a payoff statement for the loansecured by the mortgage, and shall annex as evidence a copy of the payoff statement; (iv) The affiant has ascertained that the mortgagee received payment of the loan in accordance with the payoff statement, and shall annex asevidence, copies of the check negotiated by the mortgagee or documentary evidence of such payment; (v) The affiant, at least thirty days after the mortgagee received payment, has given the mortgagee written notice together with a copy of the proposed affidavit, delivered by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the attention of the person or department set forth in the payoff statement, of the affiant’s intention to execute and record an affidavit in accordance with this section; and (vi) The mortgagee has not responded in writing to such notification or all requests by the mortgagee for payment have been complied with at least fifteen days prior to the date of the affidavit.

(c) Such affidavit shall identify the mortgagor and the mortgagee, state the date of the mortgage, the liber and page of the land records where the mortgage is recorded and give similar information with respect to any recorded assignment of the mortgage.

(d) The affiant shall attach to the affidavit photostatic copies of the documentary evidence that payment has been received by the mortgagee, including mortgagee’s endorsement of any check, and a photostatic copy of the payoff statement and certify each to be a copy of the original document.

(e) Within five days of the filing of such affidavit the register or clerk of every county in whose office said mortgage has been recorded shall give the mortgagee written notice, delivered by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the attention of the person or department set forth in the payoff statement, as annexed to the affidavit filed hereunder, of the filing of such affidavit, which notice shall include the following notice in capital letters: “THIS NOTICE IS MADE UNDER SECTION 1921 OF THE REAL PROPERTY ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS LAW. FAILURE TO FILE WITH THIS OFFICE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THIS NOTICE A VERIFIED OBJECTION TO THE DISCHARGE OF THE MORTGAGE DESCRIBED IN THIS NOTICE WILL RESULT IN SUCH MORTGAGE BEING CANCELED AND DISCHARGED OF RECORD.”

Unless the register or clerk of such county shall receive from the mortgagee, within thirty-five days of the date of filing of such affidavit, a verified objection by the mortgagee to the discharge of said mortgage, the register or clerk shall record the affidavit and supporting documents and mark the mortgage described in the affidavit canceled and discharged of record and such recorded affidavit shall have the same force and effect as a duly executed satisfaction of mortgage recorded in accordance with section three hundred twenty-one of the real property law. If the register or clerk of such county shall receive from the mortgagee, within thirty-five days of the date of filing of such affidavit, a verified objection by the mortgagee to the discharge of said mortgage, the register or clerk shall return the original affidavit and the verified objection to the attorney filing such affidavit without marking the mortgage described in the affidavit canceled or discharged of record. The clerk or register of such county shall additionally transmit a copy of the affidavit and the verified objection to its applicable appellate division of the supreme court, committee on professional standards, for such further proceedings as determined appropriate by such committee.

(f) The county clerk or register shall index the affidavit in the same manner as a satisfaction of mortgage and shall record such instrument upon payment of the same fees as for a satisfaction of mortgage.

(i) Any attorney who prepares an affidavit and negligently causes the affidavit to contain false information shall be liable to the mortgagee for any monetary damages and subject to other applicable sanctions under law. (ii) Any person who supplies false information for the affidavit shall be liable to the mortgagee for any monetary damages and subject to other applicable sanctions under law.

(h) A banking or other organization having the original or copies thereof, shall furnish, within sixty days of receiving a written request, a copy of the front and reverse sides of a check issued to satisfy the mortgage obligation by such banking or other organization, needed for completion of an affidavit in accordance with this subdivision.

6. Eight days’ notice of the application for either of the orders provided for in subdivisions two and three of this section shall be given to the then mortgagee of record and also, if the petition show that there is a mortgage not of record, to such mortgagee. Such notice shall be given in such manner as the court or the judge or justice thereof to whom the petition is presented may direct, and said court or judge or justice may require such longer notice to be given as may seem proper. If sufficient cause be shown the court or judge or justice thereof may issue such order to show cause returnable in less than eight days.

7. Upon the return day of such order to show cause, the court, upon proof of due service thereof and on proof of the identity of the mortgagee and of the person presenting the petition, shall inquire in such manner as it may deem advisable, into the truth of the facts set forth in the petition, and in case it shall appear that said principal sum or any unpaid balance thereof and interest and the said fees allowed by law have been duly paid or tendered but not accepted and said satisfaction of mortgage has been duly presented for execution, or that such tender and presentation could not have been made within this state with due diligence, then, in the event such mortgage is not paid, the court shall make an order directing the sums so tendered, or in a case where such tender could not have been made as aforesaid, directing the principal sum or any unpaid balance thereof, with interest thereon to the date of entry of said order together with all other amounts due thereunder pursuant to subdivision three of this section and the aforesaid fees allowed by law, to be paid to the officer specified by law to hold court funds and moneys deposited in court in the county wherein the application herein is made, and directing and ordering that upon such payment the debt or other obligation secured by the mortgage be canceled and further directing the register or clerk of any and every county in whose office said mortgage shall have been recorded to mark said mortgage canceled and discharged of record upon the production and delivery to such register or clerk of a certified copy of the order and the receipt of such officer, showing that the amount required by said order has been deposited with him, which certified copy of said order and which receipt shall be recorded, filed and indexed by any such register or clerk in the same manner as a certificate of discharge of a mortgage. Said receipt need not be acknowledged to entitle it to be recorded. The court in its discretion, when granting any such order after application therefor pursuant to subdivision two of this section, may award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees to the person making the application, in the absence of the showing of a valid reason for the failure or refusal to execute the satisfaction of mortgage and deliver the same , the note and mortgage and any other documents required under subdivision one of this section. The money deposited shall be payable to the mortgagee, his personal representative or assigns, upon an order of the supreme court or county court, directing the payment thereof to him upon such evidence as to his right to receive the same as shall be satisfactory to the court.

8. Wherever any register or clerk shall record any order and receipt as hereinbefore specified, he shall mark the record of said mortgage as follows: “Canceled and discharged by order of the …………………….. Court, County of …………………. , dated ……………… and filed …………………. ,” and thereupon the lien of such mortgage shall be deemed to be discharged and the debt secured thereby shall be deemed to be canceled. Said register or clerk shall be permitted to charge for recording and filing said order and receipt, the same fees to which he is now entitled for recording and filing a certificate of satisfaction of a mortgage.

9. When used in this section:

(a) “Mortgagee” means (i) the current holder of the mortgage of record or the current holder of the mortgage, or (ii) any person to whom payments are required to be made or (iii) their personal representatives, agents, successors, or assigns.

(b) “Attorney-at-law” means any person admitted to practice law in this state and in good standing. (c) “Payoff statement” means a statement setting forth the unpaid balance of the mortgage, including principal, interest and other charges pursuant to the loan documents, together with a per diem rate for interest accruing after the date to which the unpaid balance has been calculated. The payoff statement furnished by a banking organization or corporate mortgagee shall include a name of an individual employed by such banking organization or corporate mortgagee or department of such banking organization or corporate mortgagee to whom inquiry concerning the payoff statements are to be addressed in addition to the address of the banking organization or corporation for use in connection with the affidavit under subdivision five of this section. (d) “Banking organization” shall have the same meaning as provided in subdivision eleven of section two of the banking law and shall include any institution chartered or licensed by the United States or any state. (e) “Note” shall include any written evidence of indebtedness.

§ 321 Real Prop. Recording discharge of mortgage.

1. The recording officer shall mark on the record of a mortgage the word “discharged” when there is presented to him a certificate or certificates signed as hereinafter provided, and acknowledged or proved and certified in like manner as to entitle a conveyance to be recorded, specifying that the mortgage has been paid or otherwise satisfied and discharged.

(a) When it does not appear from the record that any interest in the mortgage has been assigned, the discharge shall be signed by the mortgagee or by his personal representative. (b) When it appears from the record that the mortgage has been assigned, whether or not the assignment was made as collateral security, the discharge shall be signed by the person who appears from the record to be the last assignee thereof or by his personal representative. (c) When the mortgage or an assignment thereof names two or more persons as mortgagees or assignees, the discharge shall be signed by the person or persons designated by the mortgage or assignment to receive payment of the mortgage debt or to give full acquittance and discharge therefor. When no such person or persons are designated by the mortgage or assignment, the certificate of discharge shall be signed by all of the persons named, in the mortgage or assignment, as mortgagees or assignees, as the case may be, or by their personal representatives, if the mortgage or assignment (i) specifies their respective interest in terms of a sum of money, or in terms of a fraction or percentage, or (ii) states that such persons shall share equally in, or shall have equal shares in the mortgage, or (iii) describes such persons as tenants in common of the mortgage. When it appears from the record that the mortgage is held by trustees, the certificate of discharge shall be signed by a majority of such trustees or of the survivors of them or by the survivors or survivor of them, unless the instrument creating the trust provides otherwise. Except as required above, the discharge may be signed by any one of the persons named in the mortgage or assignment, as mortgagees or assignees, as the case may be, or by the personal representative of the last survivor of them. If the mortgage or assignment states that the persons named therein as mortgagees or assignees shall hold the mortgage jointly, or describes such persons as joint tenants or tenants by the entirety of the mortgage, or expressly creates a right of survivorship among them, the discharge may be signed by any one of such persons or by the personal representative of the last survivor of them notwithstanding that the mortgage or assignment specifies their respective interests in the mortgage or states that they shall share equally or have equal shares therein.

(d) When the mortgage has been partially assigned, the certificate of discharge shall be signed by all of the persons, or their personal representatives, who in the aggregate are the holders of all portions of the mortgage, including each partial assignee, and the assignor in case any portion of the mortgage has not been assigned; provided, however, that if any partial assignment names two or more persons as assignees, the person or persons who may sign the certificate discharging such partial interest shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c) of this subdivision. (e) Whenever two or more persons are required to execute a certificate of discharge as provided in this subdivision, there may be presented in lieu of such certificate, separately executed certificates of discharge as to the respective interests of each in the mortgage so that together the several certificates purport to discharge the entire mortgage. (f) In place of any of the persons specified in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d) of this subdivision, a certificate of discharge of the mortgage or of any interest therein may be signed

(i) by an agent who has been authorized by any such person to demand or receive payment or to give a certificate of discharge of the mortgage by a power of attorney, provided such power of attorney is of record in the office where the mortgage is recorded, and no instrument of revocation has been recorded; or (ii) by any person in whom title to such mortgage or to such interest, or authority to act on behalf of or in exercise of the right or power of the holder of such mortgage or of such interest is vested, in a fiduciary capacity, by virtue of an order or decree of a court having jurisdiction thereof, including, but not limited to, the guardian of a minor, the committee of an incompetent person, or the conservator of a conservatee, whether domestic or foreign, and a receiver in bankruptcy or trustee in bankruptcy. A certificate executed by any person specified in clause (ii) of this paragraph shall recite the name of the court and the venue of the proceedings in which his appointment was made, or the order or decree vesting him with such title or authority was entered.

(g) If the mortgage is stated in the certificate of discharge to have been taken by the alien property custodian under and pursuant to the trading with the enemy act adopted by the United States congress, and approved October sixth, nineteen hundred sixteen, or any act amendatory thereof, or supplemental thereto, such certificate may be executed by such alien property custodian or such person as the president may appoint to give full acquittance and discharge for money or property belonging to an enemy or ally of an enemy which may be conveyed, assigned, delivered or transferred to said alien property custodian, with like effect as if the same had been executed by the mortgagee, his personal representative or assignee. Such certificate may be recorded, and such certificate, the record thereof and a certified copy of such record may be introduced in evidence in all courts of this state.

2. (a) The recording officer shall record and file such certificate or certificates together with the certificates of acknowledgment or proof, and shall note on the record of the mortgage the book and page containing such record of such certificate or certificates or the serial number of such record in the minute of the discharge of such mortgage, made by the officer upon the record thereof. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the county of Suffolk, if the block method of index is in use, or a separate index of satisfactions recorded is maintained. (b) The recording officer shall also record every other instrument relating to a mortgage which is presented to him, acknowledged or proved in like manner as to entitle a conveyance to be recorded, including certificates purporting to discharge a mortgage or an interest therein which are signed by persons other than those specified in the first subdivision of this section, and also including, but not limited to, assignments, releases, partial discharges, reductions, estoppel certificates, extensions, discharges of partial interest and partial discharges of partial interest, regardless by whom any such instrument has been executed. When any such instrument has been recorded, the recording officer, except in counties where the block method of indexing is in use, or in Suffolk county, if a separate index of said instruments is maintained, shall enter a minute upon the record of the mortgage to which such instrument relates, indicating the nature of such instrument and the book and page where it has been recorded or the serial number of such record.

3. Every certificate presented to the recording officer shall be executed and acknowledged or proved in like manner as to entitle a conveyance to be recorded. If the mortgage has been assigned, in whole or in part, the certificate shall set forth the date of each assignment in the chain of title of the person or persons signing the certificate, the names of the assignor and assignee, the interest assigned, and, if the assignment has been recorded, the book and page where it has been recorded or the serial number of such record; or if the assignment is being recorded simultaneously with the certificate of discharge, the certificate of discharge shall so state. If the mortgage has not been assigned of record, the certificate shall so state.

No certificate presented to the recording officer shall purport to discharge more than one mortgage, except that one certificate may purport to discharge two or more mortgages where the certificate states that one of such mortgages corrects, perfects or modifies the other mortgage or mortgages, or spreads the lien of the other mortgage or mortgages over the property subject to the lien of such mortgage, or consolidates the lien of the other mortgage or mortgages with the lien of such mortgage to constitute a single lien, or where the certificate states that the liens of the mortgages which the certificate purports to discharge have been so spread or so consolidated by a separate instrument and such instrument has been recorded; provided that in such case the certificate of discharge shall identify and describe each mortgage which it purports to discharge, in a separate paragraph, in the same manner and with the same particularity, and setting forth the same information with respect to assignments thereof, as would be required for a separate certificate discharging that mortgage, and shall also state, in a separate paragraph for each instrument, the date of any such separate instrument by which the liens of the mortgages have been spread or consolidated, the names of the parties thereto, and the book and page where it has been recorded or the serial number of such record. In any such case, except where otherwise expressly provided by law, the fee or fees which the recording officer is entitled to receive for filing and entering a certificate of discharge of a mortgage and examining assignments of such mortgage shall be payable with respect to each mortgage which the certificate purports to discharge, to the same extent as if a separate certificate of discharge had been filed for such mortgage.

4. After the record of the mortgage has been marked with the word “discharged,” the recording officer shall make and deliver to any person tendering the lawful fees therefor, his certificate setting forth the names of the mortgagor and the mortgagee, the book and page at which, the date when such mortgage was recorded, and the date on which the record of such mortgage was so marked, except in a county where recording is done by microphotography or photostating in the manner permitted by law, in which case, after microphotography or photostating, such certificate of discharge and the certificates of its acknowledgment or proof shall, in lieu of filing as provided in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of this section, be returned to the party leaving same for record.

5. The term “personal representative” as used in this section shall include the following:

(a) An executor, administrator or voluntary administrator or one of two or more executors, administrators or voluntary administrators, whether domestic or foreign, including the public administrator, and an ancillary administrator appointed in this state. A certificate executed by any such personal representative shall recite the name of the court and the venue of the proceedings in which his letters testamentary or of administration were issued. (b) All of the distributees of a person dying intestate for whom no administrator shall have been appointed, provided that two years shall have elapsed since the date of death of such intestate. A certificate executed by such distributees shall recite the date of death of the intestate, his place of residence at the time of death, the fact that he died intestate, that no administrator has been appointed and that they constitute all the distributees of the intestate.

6. The provisions of this section authorizing the recording officer to mark on the record of a mortgage the word “discharged” shall not be deemed to enlarge, diminish or alter the legal effect which a certificate executed by any person or persons, or any payment made by the mortgagor or other transaction with respect to the mortgage or the mortgage debt, would otherwise have upon the rights of the mortgagor or of any person claiming a right or interest in the mortgage, the mortgage debt or the property subject to the mortgage.

7. In a county in which recording is accomplished by microfilm process and in which a block index of mortgages is also maintained it will not be necessary to mark the record of the mortgage “discharged”, but it will be deemed sufficient compliance with this section if there is entered upon the block index of such mortgage the date of filing and the serial number of the certificate effecting the discharge.

7-a. If in any county, recording is accomplished by microfilm process and a separate index for satisfactions recorded is maintained or in which a block index of mortgages is also maintained it will not be necessary to mark the record of the mortgage “discharged”, but it will be deemed sufficient compliance with this section if there is entered upon the index of such mortgage the date of filing and the serial number of the certificate effecting the discharge.

8. Certificates of discharge of mortgage and certificates of their acknowledgment or proof heretofore or hereafter recorded and filed, may be returned personally or by mail to the party leaving same for record or destroyed after microfilming or photostating where proper indices are maintained.

• Assignment of Mortgage by Corporate Mortgage Holder
• Assignment of Mortgage by Individual Mortgage Holder
• Partial Release of Property From Mortgage by Individual Holder
• Partial Release of Property From Mortgage for Corporation
• Satisfaction – Release of Mortgage by Mortgagee – by Corporate Lender

Inside New York Assignment and Satisfaction of Mortgage Law

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Do We Still Need Assignments of Mortgages in New York?

The Court of Appeals recently confirmed that “the note, and not the mortgage, is the dispositive instrument that conveys standing to foreclose under New York law,” and that “the validity of the … assignment of the mortgage” is “irrelevant!”

The case, Aurora Loan Services, LLC v. Taylor , just decided by the Court of Appeals on June 11th 2015, confirms that it is critical for lenders to have possession of the note before commencing a foreclosure, affirming the decision of the Appellate Division 2nd Dept case, Bank of N.Y. v. Silverberg, decided in 2011.

In the Silverberg case, the plaintiff transferred only the mortgage, and the Appellate Division held that the assignment of mortgage was a nullity and that all that mattered was whether the note itself was validly transferred. In this most recent case, however, it was the note that was validly transferred but not the mortgage. The defendant argued that because the mortgage was not transferred, the plaintiff lacked the standing to foreclose. As with the Silverberg case before, the Court rejected this line of argument, holding that the transfer of the note is all that really matters.

Given the Silverberg and Aurora decisions, the question becomes: Why is it still necessary to have assignments of mortgage? The answer is that some courts in New York still require them and will not allow you to foreclose unless all assignments have been obtained and there is no break in the chain of title. In fact, both Kings County and Schenectady County will not allow foreclosure unless all assignments of mortgages have been obtained and recorded!

Accordingly, until the lower courts adapt and cease to require assignments of mortgages, it will remain necessary to obtain them. Should it be impossible to do so in certain specific instances, however, these recently decided cases should enable a lender to obtain an “exception” based upon their possession of the note, and be allowed to foreclose.

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Home > Mortgage News >

• New York Mortgage Assignment aka CEMA

Here in New York, depending on what county you are in, there is an expensive tax applied to all mortgage loans. The percentage of the tax depends on the county but ranges from .8% in most counties to 1.8% in the 5 boroughs. So if you are borrowing $500,000 in Brooklyn, you pay a mortgage tax of $9000 on that loan. That is a lot of money to say the least. In certain circumstances, you can avoid that tax by processing a New York mortgage assignment – CEMA. There are many factors that determine your eligibility for the CEMA and also some expenses associated with it’s processing. The biggest factor is whether or not your current lender is willing to process  New York mortgage assignment for you. Some lenders will only do it in house, meaning only if you refinance with them. Some lenders will process no matter where you take your new loan. Each individual lender also has their own fee schedule for the cost associated with the assignment. They may also designate a specific law firm who handles their CEMA’s.

To learn more call (833) 844-0141 today,  request a Free Mortgage Quote or prequalify to find out about available mortgage options.

What is CEMA?

The process can be a little tedious but in the right situation can save you thousands of dollars on your mortgage. Not every lender or loan officer is willing to process New York mortgage assignment or even inform you about them but it’s an important factor when looking at a refinance across New York including Long Island, Westchester, Queens or Brooklyn NY. Seek out a true mortgage professional and let them use their skill set and knowledge to deliver you the best mortgage loan in the market!

Remaining advised is the first step to making the right choices on your direction to determining for a home loan. Artisan Mortgage offers home loan trend up-dates every day that really help your increase your knowledge whether you are re-financing your home loan or evaluating home loan rates.

Any mortgage company can take your application and quote you a rate, but only the best can shake your hand at closing with confidence. Let us find the loan that is right for you.

Fill out the form to request custom quote or give us a call today  to speak with one of our mortgage experts!

Comment by Alex, PB Mortgage Group Great article here. Just shared it to all of my friends up in New York! If you know anyone in FL feel free to send them over! Thanks Jim!

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Bulletin: NY000076

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Dear Associates:

Before July 1, 1989, it was common, and perfectly legal, for mortgages to be assigned at the request of the borrower, instead of being satisfied. The version of Real Property Law §275 in effect up until that time provided that this was the mortgagor's option. That section was repealed, effective July 1, 1989, and a new §275 was enacted, by Chapter 241 of the Laws of 1989, and significantly amended by Chapter 748 of the Laws of 1990. The 1990 amendment, approved on July 22, 1990, was made retroactively effective to July 1, 1989. (There is some question as to the retroactive effect of the amendment on assignments made during the interim period, and we will not require compliance with the statute which would have required precognition.)

Under the currently effective statute, the mortgagor cannot require the mortgagee to assign the mortgage upon payment, in lieu of a satisfaction. Such assignments are not prohibited, either. In order to avoid situations where the mortgagor is attempting to "warehouse" the mortgage to preserve a mortgage tax exemption to use in the future, the legislature created a requirement as follows:

1. for mortgages which are assigned in the commercial practice of lenders trading or selling mortgages on the secondary market, the mortgage assignment must contain the following statement: "This assignment is not subject to the requirements of section two hundred seventy-five of the Real Property Law because it is an assignment within the secondary mortgage market." 2. for mortgages which are assigned under any other circumstance, the assignment must contain a statement under oath (i.e., an affidavit), either within the body of the assignment or attached to and recorded with it. Subdivision 3 of §275 contains explicit instruction as to the contents of the affidavit. The affidavit must be made by the mortgagor or a party asserting knowledge, and it must state that the assignee is not acting as a nominee of the mortgagor, and that the mortgage continues to secure a bona fide obligation.

Examiners and readers should be aware of these requirements, particularly with regard to any assignments made since July 22, 1990. Please see affidavit available through the referenced form at the end of this bulletin. The Company is not willing to insure any assignment where the assignment to be insured does not contain one of the required items, or where any assignments since July 22, 1990 do not contain either of the required items, unless mortgage tax is paid again.

THIS BULLETIN IS FURNISHED TO INFORM YOU OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS. AS A REMINDER, YOU ARE CHARGED WITH KNOWLEDGE OF THE CONTENT ON  VIRTUAL UNDERWRITER   AS IT EXISTS FROM TIME TO TIME AS IT APPLIES TO YOU, AS WELL AS ANY OTHER INSTRUCTIONS. OUR UNDERWRITING AGREEMENTS DO NOT AUTHORIZE OUR ISSUING AGENTS TO ENGAGE IN SETTLEMENTS OR CLOSINGS ON BEHALF OF STEWART TITLE GUARANTY COMPANY. THIS BULLETIN IS NOT INTENDED TO DIRECT YOUR ESCROW OR SETTLEMENT PRACTICES OR TO CHANGE PROVISIONS OF APPLICABLE UNDERWRITING AGREEMENTS. CONFIDENTIAL, PROPRIETARY, OR NONPUBLIC PERSONAL INFORMATION SHOULD NEVER BE SHARED OR DISSEMINATED EXCEPT AS ALLOWED BY LAW. IF APPLICABLE STATE LAW OR REGULATION IMPOSES ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS, YOU SHOULD CONTINUE TO COMPLY WITH THOSE REQUIREMENTS.

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You Can’t Take My House! Requirements for an Assigned Mortgage Lender to Have Standing in a NY Foreclosure Case

When a property owner defaults on a mortgage in New York, the lender that owns that mortgage has the right to file an action for foreclosure against the borrower to seize the property due to non-payment. However, as in any type of legal action, the borrower has the right to assert certain defenses and simply because a request for a foreclosure was filed does not mean the borrower will lose their property. Instead, they should enlist the assistance of a skilled foreclosure defense attorney who knows how to thoroughly examine the situation to identify any relevant defenses in that particular case. As cited by many legal academic articles and law journals , 1 one of the first considerations in a foreclosure case – or any case, actually – is whether or not the party asserting the claim has legal standing (also known as locus standi ) to do so.

Standing is a party’s capacity and right to bring forth a claim against another. Specifically, the party asserting the claim must have suffered redressable harm or foresees imminent redressable harm by the defendant. The standing requirement prevents lawsuits from being filed simply because a party dislikes a law or for other frivolous reasons. On the federal level, Article III, Section 2 of the United States Constitution 2 only gives the federal courts powers to hear “cases” and “controversies” that involve a dispute between two parties, which requires standing on the part of the plaintiff. The Supreme Court of the United States has also ruled in several cases 3 aiming to further define federal standing requirements. On the state level, where foreclosure actions are filed, both New York laws and court decisions contribute to the requirements for standing to sue 4 in each particular type of case.

What Establishes Legal Standing in a Foreclosure Action?

Standing in a foreclosure action is not something that is necessarily reviewed “ sua sponte, ” or voluntarily, by the foreclosure court. Instead, a defendant generally must file a motion that specifically challenges the mortgage company’s right to file the lawsuit. In order for a mortgage company to demonstrate sufficient standing to file a legitimate foreclosure action, the company must prove that the defendant has defaulted on their mortgage debt and that the lender filing suit owns or controls the debt instrument. The two most common documents that the lender can present to prove ownership of the mortgage debt are as follows:

Promissory Note – This is the document that a borrower signs that indicates their promise to repay the lender for the amount of money borrowed to purchase or refinance the property.

Mortgage – Contrary to popular belief, the “mortgage” is not the loan itself, but is instead the document a borrower signs that creates a lien on their property for the amount of the loan that must be satisfied before they can sell the property. The mortgage gives the lender a property interest that allows them to seize the property to collect on the lien if needed. Note that New York uses mortgages, although some states use a document called a deed of trust.  If a lender can prove that it owns or controls the two above documents, it can generally establish standing. If a lender does not have access to these documents for any reason and cannot present them to the court, the case may be dismissed due to lack of standing.

Ruling in Aurora Loan Services, LLC v. Taylor

In modern times, mortgages are constantly being sold from company to company, with an assignment of mortgage being issued as proof of the transfer. Because many assignments are not completed with the appropriate paperwork or because lenders can lose documents, many borrowers facing foreclosure have raised a standing defense, asserting that the current lender that filed for foreclosure cannot prove an uninterrupted chain of assignment, as well as the current assignment of mortgage.

In one case out of New York, a mortgage had been signed with First National Bank of Arizona by defendant Taylor in 2006. The loan was later assigned to a trust held by Deutsche Bank Trust Company after passing through several other entities. Aurora Loan Services began servicing the mortgage in 2008 and actually received the physical promissory note in May of 2010. Taylor had already defaulted on the loan, so Aurora filed a foreclosure action four days after receiving the promissory note.

The defendant challenged Aurora’s standing in the case, as the company did not have possession of the mortgage document at the time of the filing but only the note. Both the trial and appellate courts found in favor of Aurora and New York’s highest court, the New York Court of Appeals, affirmed the decision 5 that Aurora could prove standing. The Court’s ruling stated that both a promissory note and a mortgage are not necessarily required to prove assignment and ownership of a loan. Instead, the Court stated that:

“ the note, and not the mortgage, is the dispositive instrument that conveys standing to foreclose under New York law.” 6

This decision is important for any future foreclosure defendants who may try to raise a standing defense after a mortgage assignment. No longer can a standing challenge survive based on a lack of physical possession of the mortgage. As long as the lender has the promissory note, the foreclosure action will likely move forward unless there are any other relevant defenses at issue in the case. This is only one of many examples of how the state courts help shape foreclosure requirements in New York.

Discuss Your Legal Rights and Options with an Experienced New York Foreclosure Defense Attorney

While successfully raising legal defenses against a foreclosure action can be challenging, it is possible to do under certain circumstances. If you are facing a foreclosure, it is critical that you have a foreclosure lawyer representing you who understands how to thoroughly review every aspect of the petition and hold mortgage lenders accountable for any errors, insufficiencies, or  potential foreclosure fraud whenever possible. However, the courts in New York are constantly issuing new decisions and changing the standards for foreclosure defense in our state to try to lessen the burden on the courts and protect the rights of the respective parties on either side of a foreclosure case. If a foreclosure has been filed or if you believe that a case is imminent, you want to ensure your rights are represented by a skilled NY foreclosure attorney who stays apprised of all of the new development in foreclosure law. Please do not hesitate to call the law office of Ronald D. Weiss, P.C., Attorney at Law at 631-271-3737 for more information today.

1 http://www.njlawjournal.com/id=1202759667600/Important-Considerations-at-the-Outset-of-a-Foreclosure-Action?slreturn=20160801135336

2 https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiii#section2

3 E.g. County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44 (1991 ) , Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) , Northeastern Fla. Chapter of the Associated Gen. Contractors v. City of Jacksonville, 508 U.S. 656 (1993) .

4 http://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2958&context=lawreview

5 https://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/Decisions/2015/Jun15/83opn15-Decision.pdf

6 Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v Taylor (2015 NY Slip Op 04872)

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