assignment on our changing earth

CBSE Class 7 Social Science Geography Our Changing earth Assignment

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 7 Social Science Geography Our Changing earth Assignment. Get printable school Assignments for Class 7 Social Science . Class 7 students should practise questions and answers given here for Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Social Science in Class 7 which will help them to strengthen their understanding of all important topics. Students should also download free pdf of Printable Worksheets for Class 7 Social Science prepared as per the latest books and syllabus issued by NCERT, CBSE, KVS and do problems daily to score better marks in tests and examinations

Assignment for Class 7 Social Science Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

Class 7 Social Science students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth in Class 7. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 7 Social Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Class 7 Social Science Assignment

OUR CHANGING EARTH

1. What are the earthquake waves called?

2. What happens when lithospheric plates move slowly?

3. Which type of force is responsible for the formation of mountains?

4. Which machine is used to measure the intensity of the earthquake?

5. How and in which direction do the vibration move during a earthquake?

6. Define the terms "Epicenter".

7. What do you mean by earthquake preparadness?

8. Define weathering.

9. Define erosion.

10. What is a "volcano"?

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Cbse class 7 social science our environment chapter 3 our changing earth assignment.

We hope you liked the above assignment for Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 7 Social Science released by CBSE. Students of Class 7 should download and practice the above Assignments for Class 7 Social Science regularly. We have provided all types of questions like MCQs, short answer questions, objective questions and long answer questions in the Class 7 Social Science practice sheet in Pdf. All questions have been designed for Social Science by looking into the pattern of problems asked in previous year examinations. 

Assignment for Social Science CBSE Class 7 Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

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Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Assignment Social Science CBSE Class 7

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Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Assignment CBSE Class 7 Social Science

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CBSE Social Science Class 7 Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Assignment

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Our Changing Earth

When the lithosphere is broken into a number of plates is called the lithospheric plates.  the plates are moving because they are floating on the molten magma inside the earth.  the movement of lithospheric plates causes changes on the surface of the earth. there are two types of the earth movements which are divided on the basis of the forces- endogenous forces and exogenous forces. these movements like volcano and earth quakes cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth..

Formation of landscape

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• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Class 7
• NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science
• Class 7 Geography
• Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Social Science Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

Ncert book solutions class 7 geography chapter 3.

The movements of Earth are divided on the basis of the forces which cause them. The forces which act in the interior of the Earth are called endogenic forces, and the forces that work on the surface of the Earth are called exogenic forces. Earthquakes and volcanoes cause mass destruction on the surface of the Earth. The landscape is being continuously worn away by two processes – weathering and erosion. These NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography presents students with solutions for all the questions laid out in the NCERT Class 7 Geography textbook.

• Chapter 1: Environment
• Chapter 2: Inside Our Earth
• Chapter 3: Our Changing Earth
• Chapter 4: Air
• Chapter 5: Water
• Chapter 6: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
• Chapter 7: Human Environment – Settlement, Transport and Communication
• Chapter 8: Human Environment Interactions – The Tropical and the Subtropical Region
• Chapter 9: Life in the Deserts

For NCERT Solutions for Class 7 for other subjects, students can visit the linked article.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Studies (Geography) Chapter 3 – Our Changing Earth

Q 1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Why do the plates move?

Answer: The movement of molten magma inside the earth results in the movement of plates.

(ii) What are exogenic and endogenic forces?

Answer: The movement of the Earth is divided on the basis of the forces which cause them. The forces that act in the interior of the earth are called endogenic forces, and the forces that work on the surface of the earth are called exogenic forces.

(iii) What is erosion?

Answer: Erosion is defined as the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice. The process of erosion and deposition creates different land-forms on the surface of the earth.

(iv) How are flood plains formed?

Answer: When a river overflows its banks, it results in the flooding of the area surrounding it. When it floods, it deposits a layer of fine soil and other material called sediments, thus forming a fertile layer of soil called flood plains.

(v) What are sand dunes?

Answer: When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another. When the wind stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in the low hill-like structures. These are called sand dunes. They are mostly found in desert areas.

(vi) How are beaches formed?

Answer: The sea waves deposit sediments along the seashores. This results in the formation of beaches.

(vii) What are the ox-bow lakes?

Answer: When the river enters the plains, it twists and turns forming large bends known as meanders. In due course of time, the meander loops start to cut off the river and form cut off lakes, known as the ox-bow lakes.

Q 2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?

(c) Sea cave

(ii) The depositional feature of a glacier is:

(a) Flood plain

(c) Moraine

(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?

(a) Volcano

(b) Folding

(c) Flood plain

(iv) Mushroom rocks are found in:

(a) Deserts

(b) River valleys

(c) Glaciers

(v) Ox bow lakes are found in:

(a) Glaciers

(c) Deserts

Q 3. Match the following.

4. Give reasons.

(i) Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom.

Answer: Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom because, in deserts, wind erodes the lower section of the rock more than the upper section, which makes the base of the rock narrow and the upper part wide, giving it the shape of a mushroom.

(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.

Answer: Flood plains are very fertile because at times when river water overflows, it results in the flooding of the neighbouring areas. This deposits a layer of fine soil and other sediments on the banks of the river, which leads to fertile flood plains.

(iii) Sea caves are turned into stacks.

Answer: When the cavities in the sea caves become bigger and bigger, only the roof of the caves are leftover, which forms sea arches. Further, due to erosion, the roof vanishes and only the walls stay intact, turning the sea caves into stacks.

(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.

Answer: When the lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates and then these vibrations travel outwards from the epicentre in the form of waves, which leads to sudden movement and results in the collapse of buildings.

Our Changing Earth Summary

This chapter from the NCERT Geography book gives detailed information about:

1. The Changing Environment on Earth and Its Effects

2. Case Study on Earthquake

3. Major Land Forms

a. Work of River

b. Work of Sea Waves

c. Work of Ice

d. Work of Wind

Our Environment is the NCERT Geography book for students in Class 7. For NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science , visit the linked article.

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• The Ever Changing Earth

Earth is the only planet where living things can survive. As it is the only planet which has water. But that the earth remained the same since the ancient times? No, right? The earth has been changing constantly. Let’s find out more about Our Changing Earth.

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Introduction to our changing earth.

The Earth is the third planet in the solar system. It is also the only planet where living things can survive. About 71 percent of the earth is covered in water the rest 29 percent is land. However, only 3 percent of this water is fresh water and only. The earth’s atmosphere is made up of exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. And the earth’s composition is made up of the crust, upper mantle, mantle, outer core and inner core.

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust, and then transport it away to another location  (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

Earthquakes

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities.

Questions For You

Q1. The earth’s plate responsible for causing earthquakes is _________.

• The crust of the earth
• Mantle of the earth
• The outer core of the earth
• The Inner core of the earth

Sol: The earth’s plate responsible for causing earthquakes is the crust of the changing earth. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. The earth’s crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made up of several pieces, called plates. The plates under the oceans are called as oceanic plates and the rest are continental plates.

The plates are moved around by the motion of a deeper part of the earth (the mantle) that lies underneath the crust. These plates are always bumping into each other, pulling away from each other, or past each other. The plates usually move at about the same speed that your fingernails grow. Earthquakes usually occur where two plates are running into each other or sliding past each other. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Q2.  The most destructive earthquake waves are ___________.

• primary waves
• secondary waves
• surface waves
• all of these

Sol: The correct answer is option ”c”.

During an earthquake, surface waves are the seismic waves that cause the most damage. Unlike other seismic waves that move deep inside the changing Earth, surface waves move along just under the surface of the Earth like waves in water. Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and are the final waves to hit an area after an earthquake.

First, P-waves move through compression through the deep layers of the Earth. They result in minimal damage. The second group of waves is S-waves. They move up and down starting deeper in the Earth. Stronger S-waves do some damage when they reach the surface. Surface waves move at last. Their slow roll just under the surface provides the greatest risk for damage to man-made structures and changes to natural landforms

Our Changing Earth

• Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere – An Overview
• Coastal Plains in India and How are They Formed?
• Topographic Map – Definition, Structure, Examples
• What Is Topography?
• How Is Temperature On Mars?
• Asthenosphere & the Lithosphere – Definition and Properties

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Geography - Class 7

Topic outline, chapter 3 – our changing earth - 1.

Our Changing Earth

Q1. fill in the blanks..

                         i.         Mushroom rocks are found in deserts .

                        ii.         Ox bow lakes are found in river valleys .

                       iii.         Glaciers are “rivers” of ice.

                       iv.         The highest waterfall is Angel Falls of Venezuela in South America.

                        v.         Sudden movements in the earth interior are cause due to endogenic forces .

Q2. True/False

                         i.         The molten magma inside the earth moves in a circular manner. True

                        ii.         Beach is an erosional feature of sea waves. False

                       iii.         Moraine is a depositional feature of a glacier. True

                       iv.         Volcano is caused by the sudden movements of the earth. True

                        v.         The strength of the earthquake increases away from the centre. False

                       vi.         Moraine is the depositional feature of a glacier. True

Q3. What are the major agents of erosion?

Ans. Water, wind and ice are the major agents of erosion.

Q4. Define loess?

Ans. When sand is deposited in large areas, it is called loess.

Q5. What is vent?

Ans. The narrow opening of a volcano is called vent.

Q6. What is a seismograph?

Ans. An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph.

Q7. What is the name of the scale used to measure earthquakes?

Ans. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.

Q8. Write some examples of coastal landforms?

Ans. Examples of coastal landforms are sea caves, sea arches, stacks and sea cliff.

Q9. Write names of a few rivers of the world that form a delta.

Ans. Ganga-brahmaputra, Zaire, Murray-Darling, Amazon, Nile, Murray-Darling

Q10. What are distributaries?

Ans. The river begins to break up into a number of streams called distributaries.

Q11. Why do the plates move?

Ans. Plates move because of the movement of the molten magma inside the earth.

Q12. How are beaches formed?

Ans. Beaches are formed when the sea waves deposit sediments along the shores.

Q13. What is erosion?

Ans. Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.

Q14. What are meanders?

Ans. As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends known as meanders.

Q15. What are Lithospheric plates?

Ans. The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates.

Q16. How much do lithospheric plates move in a year?

Ans. Lithospheric plates move around very slowly – just a few millimetres each year.

Q17. What is a volcano?

Ans. A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly.

Q18. What are the two processes which wear away the landscape?

Ans. The landscape is being continuously worn away by two processes – weathering and erosion.

Q19. How do glacial moraines form?

Ans. The material carried by the glacier such as rocks big and small, sand and silt gets deposited. These deposits form glacial moraines.

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Class VII || Geography || Our Changing Earth Assignment - 1

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• Important Questions for CBSE Class 7 Science Our Environment Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth

CBSE Class 7 Science Our Environment Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Important Questions - Free PDF Download

The movements of the earth are categorised on the basis of the forces which result in such movements. Some of these tectonic movements lead to earthquakes and volcanoes that cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth. What are these forces and how do they impact the landscape of the earth? To learn and understand such concepts in detail and appropriately answer questions based on them, the students of Class 7 Social Science need to refer to the solved Important questions of Our Environment Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth.

Free PDF download of Important Questions with solutions for CBSE Class 7 Social Science Our Environment Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth have been prepared by expert Social Science teachers from the latest edition of CBSE (NCERT) books. Register online for Social Science Our Environment tuition on Vedantu.com to score more marks in your examination.

Download CBSE Class 7 Social Science Geography Our Environment Important Questions 2023-24 PDF

Also, check Class 7 Social Science Geography Our Environment Important Questions for other chapters:

CBSE Class 7 Social Science Our Environment Important Questions Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth - Summary and Important Topics

Our Environment Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth will teach students about the different types of forces that cause a change in the landform of the earth. They will learn about endogenic forces which act in the interior of the earth and exogenic forces that work on the surface of the earth. The chapter further details about earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes and other natural disasters that cause mass destruction and changes on the surface of the earth. It will then delve into the fact of how the landforms are being continuously worn away by two processes, namely weathering and erosion and how wind, water and ice play a major role in it. 

The following are some of the important topics covered in Chapter 3.

The changing environment on earth and its effects

Endogenic and exogenic forces

Case Study on earthquake

Major Landforms

Work of River

Work of Sea Waves

Work of Ice

Work of Wind

Study Important Questions for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

Very short answer questions:    1 mark, 1. fill in the blanks: .

(i) ______________are the huge piles of ice found in water bodies.

Ans: Glaciers are the huge piles of ice found in water bodies.

(ii) The winding flow of a river is called_______________.

Ans: The winding flow of a river is called meanders .

(iii) The water erodes soft rock faster than ___________.

Ans: The water erodes soft rock faster than hard rocks .

(iv) The movement of the plates under the earth’s surface causes___________.

Ans: The movement of the plates under the earth’s surface causes earthquakes .

2. State True and False:

(i) Folding is caused by the sudden movement of Earth’s plates.

(ii) Oxbow lakes are formed in the river valleys.

(iii) Mushroom rocks are found in deserts.

(iv) Moraines are caused by depositional action of glaciers.

3. Match the Following:

4. choose the correct option:.

(i) _______________is not an essential feature of the sea waves.

None of the above

Ans: (b) Cliff

(ii) Ox-Bow lakes are found in____________.

Flood Plain

River Valleys

Ans: (c) River valleys

5. Define the Following:

(i) Lithospheric Plates

Ans: The lithosphere's parts broken down into pieces are known as lithospheric plates.

(ii) Endogenic Forces

Ans: The forces which act in the interior of the earth are known as endogenic forces.

Short Answer Questions:    2 Marks

6. What are Waterfalls?

Ans: The phenomenon of abrupt and vertical falling of the water from a high altitude is known as a waterfall.

7. What Causes Earthquakes?

Ans: Earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of plates under the surface of the earth.

8. How is a Beach Form?

Ans: The deposition of the fine sand on the seashore by the sea is responsible for the formation of the beach.

9. How the Rocks are Eroded by a Waterfall?

Ans: Soft rock gets eroded faster than hard rocks by the water. As hard rocks are the source of water and the soft rocks beneath get eroded.

10. What are Sand Dunes?

Ans: The formation of small mounds in the sand due to the action of the wind is known as the sand dunes. They are found in desert areas.

Short Answer Questions:   3 Marks

11. Why do some rocks have a mushroom’s shape?

Ans: In desert areas, the wind erodes the bottom of the rock more as compared to the upper portion. This transforms the shape of the rock and makes it look like a mushroom.

12. Why Do Sea Caves Turn into Stacks?

Ans: With time, water takes away the roof of the cave. This changes the shape of a cave as only sidewalls are left. In this way, sea caves turn into stacks.

13. Why Do Buildings Collapse During Earthquakes?

Ans: Buildings collapse due to the use of inadequate steel structures as well as weak foundation. And as the ground shakes, these buildings fall very easily.

14. Why are Flood Plains Fertile?

Ans: Flood water carries sediments and silts with it and deposits them on the bank which makes the plains fertile. These also contain decaying organic substances which further increase soil fertility.

15. What Causes Folding? What is the Sedimentary Fold?

Ans: The sudden movement of Earth’s crust causes folding. The slumps in the sedimentary material cause sedimentary folds. For example,  a volcano is caused by rising magma.

Long Answer Questions:   5 Marks

16. What are Some Works of Wind?

Ans: Wind plays a significant role in the formation of the top layer of the soil.

Mushroom Rocks: In desert areas, the wind erodes the bottom of the rock more as compared to the upper portion. This transforms the shape of the rock and makes it look like a mushroom.

Sand Dunes: The formation of small mounds in the sand due to the action of the wind is known as the sand dunes. They are found in desert areas.

Loess: When the wind has blown away the small and fine grains of sand and deposits them at some other place. Then the area is known as the Loess.

17. What are the Works of Ice in Forming the Earth’s Surface?

Ans: The low temperature in a region for a very long time leads to the formation of glaciers. Glaciers are known as rivers of ice. They start melting when they come into contact with high temperatures and expose the rock beneath them by bulldozing the soil. The melting of glaciers turns the area eroded by them into beautiful lakes. They are also responsible for the formation of glacial moraines through the deposition of big and small moraines.

18. What are the Effects of Sea Waves?

Ans: Following are the effects of sea waves:

Coastal landforms are formed with the erosion as well as deposition of sea waves.

They are responsible for the formation of hollow caves in the rocks.

Only the roof remains and the water forms the huge cavities known as the sea arches.

With further erosion due to the water, walls also break and only roofs remain in the last and they are known as stacks.

Cliffs are also made with the sea waves. They stand vertically above the seawater.

19. How are the Landforms Made?

Ans: Landscapes get continuously worn down due to weathering and erosion. Landforms are formed only because of the active participation of these two forces. Big rocks get broken down into small pieces with the help of weathering and they form the landforms. Erosion by the elements like ice and water etc. helps in scattering the pieces on the plain. In the long run, major landforms are created on the surface of the earth with these two forces.

20. How Does an Earthquake Take Place?

Ans: Earthquake is the shaking of the top layer of the earth because of the action of endogenic forces in the interior of the earth. As the movement of the lithospheric plates takes place at the surface of the earth, endogenic forces feel change due to these movements. These forces act on the plates and lead them to move from their places which finally causes earthquakes on the surface of the earth.

Benefits of Referring to  Important Questions of Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment 

The following is a list of some of the benefits that students of Class 7 will experience once they download the free PDF of Chapter 3 - Our Changing Environment.

The important questions have been curated by expert Social Science academicians in adherence to the latest CBSE answering pattern and NCERT textbook.

The questions come with solved accurate answers that are well explained and will be simple to comprehend for students. 

These questions have been framed as per the weightage of the topics and questions that have a high probability of being examined in the paper.

The students can assess their preparedness and work on areas that need improvement by practising these questions during study or revision.

The important questions PDF is available on this page for free download to enable students to go through them offline at their convenience.

If you have completed your study of this chapter or are revising it for your exams then downloading the PDF will prove to be highly beneficial for you. Solve the questions and tally your answers to see how far you have been able to grasp the concepts of the chapter. Now all you have to do is click on the “Download PDF” button and give yourself the experience of staying ahead of the class with excellent preparation.

Class 7 Social Science Geography Important Related Links

Cbse class 7 study materials, conclusion .

Vedantu's provision of important questions for CBSE Class 7 Science Our Environment Chapter 3 - "Our Changing Earth" is a valuable resource for students. These questions offer a structured approach to studying the dynamic geological processes that shape our planet. By practicing these questions, students can assess their comprehension of vital concepts related to Earth's transformation.

These important questions enhance exam preparedness, encourage critical thinking, and deepen students' understanding of Earth's dynamic changes. Vedantu's commitment to quality education is evident, as these questions empower students to excel in their science studies, fostering a greater appreciation for the fascinating forces that continually shape our environment.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 7 Science Our Environment Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth

1. Explain the work of a river according to Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment. 

The river's flowing water erodes the landscape. A waterfall is formed when a river flows at a steep angle over exceptionally hard rocks or down a deep valley side. The river twists and turns as it enters the plains, forming huge bends known as meanders. The ends of the meander loop are getting closer and closer due to constant erosion and deposition along the meander's sides. The meander loop eventually separates from the river and forms a cut-off lake, also known as an ox-bow lake. The river occasionally breaches its banks, producing flooding in the surrounding areas. It deposits sediments along its banks as it floods, which are layers of fine dirt and other debris.

2. Give an account of the work of wind according to Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment. 

In deserts, the wind is a major cause of erosion and deposition. Mushroom rocks are rocks that have the shape of a mushroom and are commonly found in deserts. The lower section of the rock is eroded more by the wind than the higher section. As a result, such rocks have a smaller base and a larger top. The wind lifts and moves sand from one location to another when it blows. Sand falls and is deposited in low hill-like structures when the wind stops blowing. Dunes are what they're called. When grains are very fine and light, they can be carried over long distances by the wind. Loess is the name given to sand that has been deposited over a broad area.

3. Give an account of earthquake preparedness according to Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment.  

An earthquake is a natural disaster that we cannot prevent. However, if we are prepared ahead of time, we can lessen the impact. We should move to a safe location in the event of an earthquake. We should hide behind a kitchen counter, table, or desk against a door or a wall on the inside. We should avoid fireplaces, locations around chimneys, and windows with reflective surfaces, such as mirrors and picture frames. Furthermore, we should make our friends and family members aware of the situation.

4. Mention the work of ice according to Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment. 

Glaciers are glacial rivers that erode the environment by removing soil and stones, exposing solid rock beneath. Deep gorges are carved out by glaciers. As the ice melts, they fill up with water and turn into lovely alpine lakes. The glacier's material, such as large and small rocks, sand, and silt, is deposited. Glacial moraines are formed by these sediments. Here on Vedantu , you will find all the solved answers which will be helpful to you in your exam time and all the resources are available free of cost.

5. Give reasons for the following according to Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth of Class 7 Social Science Our Environment. 

Some rocks have the shape of a mushroom.

Flood plains are very fertile.

Sea caves are turned into stacks.

Buddings collapse due to earthquakes.

1. Because of the following factors, some rocks have the shape of a mushroom:

When rocks fall during a dust storm, the suspended sand particles strike the lowest portions of the rocks and erode them.The higher portions of the rocks have not been harmed or eroded. The rocks eventually take on the shape of a mushroom.

2 . Flood plains are extremely fertile because they are made up of silt and other materials carried by floods. The floodplains  have become fertile due to the spread of new silt.

3. Because of the following factors, sea caves are transformed into stacks:

Sea waves pound the shores, eroding the fragile rocks. Hard rocks do not erode. Sea caves are formed as a result of this action. The caves' roofs eventually collapse due to erosion, leaving the arms/walls of the caverns standing like pillars. These pillar-like formations are known as stacks.

4. Buildings collapse as a result of earthquakes for a variety of reasons:

The majority of structures are not designed or constructed to withstand earthquakes.

When earthquakes strike, buildings are unable to withstand the vibrations caused by the tremors. They crumble due to a weak base, inferior inner materials, and insufficient steel.  They disintegrate and fall apart like a stack of papers or cards.

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