assignment operator table

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C operator precedence.

The following table lists the precedence and associativity of C operators. Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence.

• ↑ The operand of prefix ++ and -- can't be a type cast. This rule grammatically forbids some expressions that would be semantically invalid anyway. Some compilers ignore this rule and detect the invalidity semantically.
• ↑ The operand of sizeof can't be a type cast: the expression sizeof ( int ) * p is unambiguously interpreted as ( sizeof ( int ) ) * p , but not sizeof ( ( int ) * p ) .
• ↑ The expression in the middle of the conditional operator (between ? and : ) is parsed as if parenthesized: its precedence relative to ?: is ignored.
• ↑ Assignment operators' left operands must be unary (level-2 non-cast) expressions. This rule grammatically forbids some expressions that would be semantically invalid anyway. Many compilers ignore this rule and detect the invalidity semantically. For example, e = a < d ? a ++ : a = d is an expression that cannot be parsed because of this rule. However, many compilers ignore this rule and parse it as e = ( ( ( a < d ) ? ( a ++ ) : a ) = d ) , and then give an error because it is semantically invalid.

When parsing an expression, an operator which is listed on some row will be bound tighter (as if by parentheses) to its arguments than any operator that is listed on a row further below it. For example, the expression * p ++ is parsed as * ( p ++ ) , and not as ( * p ) ++ .

Operators that are in the same cell (there may be several rows of operators listed in a cell) are evaluated with the same precedence, in the given direction. For example, the expression a = b = c is parsed as a = ( b = c ) , and not as ( a = b ) = c because of right-to-left associativity.

[ edit ] Notes

Precedence and associativity are independent from order of evaluation .

The standard itself doesn't specify precedence levels. They are derived from the grammar.

In C++, the conditional operator has the same precedence as assignment operators, and prefix ++ and -- and assignment operators don't have the restrictions about their operands.

Associativity specification is redundant for unary operators and is only shown for completeness: unary prefix operators always associate right-to-left ( sizeof ++* p is sizeof ( ++ ( * p ) ) ) and unary postfix operators always associate left-to-right ( a [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ++ is ( ( a [ 1 ] ) [ 2 ] ) ++ ). Note that the associativity is meaningful for member access operators, even though they are grouped with unary postfix operators: a. b ++ is parsed ( a. b ) ++ and not a. ( b ++ ) .

[ edit ] References

• C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
• A.2.1 Expressions
• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
• C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
• A.1.2.1 Expressions

[ edit ] See also

Order of evaluation of operator arguments at run time.

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4.5: Assignment Operator

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The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

Definitions

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• Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

The basic assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x . The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

Simple assignment operator which assigns a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables. See the example.

Addition assignment

The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible. See the addition operator for more details.

Subtraction assignment

The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable. See the subtraction operator for more details.

Multiplication assignment

The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the multiplication operator for more details.

Division assignment

The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the division operator for more details.

Remainder assignment

The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable. See the remainder operator for more details.

Exponentiation assignment

This is an experimental technology, part of the ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) proposal. Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future version of browsers as the spec changes.

The exponentiation assignment operator evaluates to the result of raising first operand to the power second operand. See the exponentiation operator for more details.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable. See the left shift operator for more details.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the right shift operator for more details.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the unsigned right shift operator for more details.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise AND operator for more details.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise XOR operator for more details.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise OR operator for more details.

Left operand with another assignment operator

In unusual situations, the assignment operator (e.g. x += y ) is not identical to the meaning expression (here x = x + y ). When the left operand of an assignment operator itself contains an assignment operator, the left operand is evaluated only once. For example:

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• Arithmetic operators

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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

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Now that you've learned how to declare and initialize variables, you probably want to know how to do something with them. Learning the operators of the Java programming language is a good place to start. Operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands , and then return a result.

As we explore the operators of the Java programming language, it may be helpful for you to know ahead of time which operators have the highest precedence. The operators in the following table are listed according to precedence order. The closer to the top of the table an operator appears, the higher its precedence. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence. Operators on the same line have equal precedence. When operators of equal precedence appear in the same expression, a rule must govern which is evaluated first. All binary operators except for the assignment operators are evaluated from left to right; assignment operators are evaluated right to left.

In general-purpose programming, certain operators tend to appear more frequently than others; for example, the assignment operator " = " is far more common than the unsigned right shift operator " >>> ". With that in mind, the following discussion focuses first on the operators that you're most likely to use on a regular basis, and ends focusing on those that are less common. Each discussion is accompanied by sample code that you can compile and run. Studying its output will help reinforce what you've just learned.

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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

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What is Assignment Operator in Python?

Before deep-diving into the assignment operators in Python, first, understand what operators are. So operators are used in between the operands to perform various operations, like mathematical operations , bitwise operations , logical operations , and so on. Here, operands are the values on which operators perform the actions. So, assignment operators are used to assigning values to the operands on the left-hand side. Assignment operators assign the right-hand side values to the operand that is present on the left-hand side. The assignment operator in Python is used as the "=" symbol.

Let’s see a very basic example of the assignment operator.

Table Of Assignment Operators

Here we will see different assignment operators in Python with their names, descriptions, and syntax. Let's take them one by one.

Assignment Operator :

This is an assignment operator in Python which assigns the right-hand side expression value to the operand present on the left-hand side.

Sample Code :

Addition Assignment Operator :

This type of assignment operator in Python adds left and right operands, and after that, it assigns the calculated value to the left-hand operand.

Subtraction Assignment Operator :

This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Multiplication Assignment Operator:

This operator will multiply the left-hand side operand by the right-hand side operand and, after that, assign the result to the left-hand operand.

Division Assignment Operator :

This type of assignment operator in Python will divide the left-hand side operand from the right-hand side operand and, after that, assign the result to the left-hand operand.

Modulus Assignment Operator :

This operator will divide the left-hand side operand to the right-hand side operand and, after that, assign the reminder to the left-hand operand.

Click here, to learn more about modulus in python .

Exponentiation Assignment Operator :

This operator raises the left-side operand to the power of the right-side operand and assigns the result to the left-side value.

Floor Division Assignment Operator :

This operator will divide the left operand by the right operand and assign the quotient value (which would be in the form of an integer) to the left operand.

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator :

This operator will perform the bitwise operation on both the left and right operands and, after that, it will assign the resultant value to the left operand.

Bitwise OR Assignment Operator:

This operator will perform the bitwise or operation on both the left and right operands and, after that, it will assign the resultant value to the left operand.

Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator:

This operator will perform the bitwise XOR operation on the left and right operands and, after that, it will assign the resultant value to the left operand.

Bitwise Right Shift Assignment Operator :

This operator will right shift the left operand by the specified position, i.e., b , and after that, it will assign the resultant value to the left operand.

Bitwise Left Shift Assignment Operator:

This operator will left shift the left operand by the specified position, i.e., b , and after that, it will assign the resultant value to the left operand.

• Assignment operators in Python assign the right-hand side values to the operand that is present on the left-hand side.
• The assignment operators in Python is used as the "=" symbol.
• We have different types of assignment operators like +=, -=, \*=, %=, /=, //=, \*\*=, &=, |=, ^=, >>=, <<= .
• All the operators have the same precedence, and hence we prioritise operations based on their associativiy . The associativity is from right to left.

Learn More:

• XOR in Python .

Assignment Operator in SQL Server

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Assignment Operator in SQL Server with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss Assignment Operator in SQL Server with Examples. Please read our previous article, where we discussed Clauses in SQL Server . Before understanding Assignment Operator in SQL Server, let us first understand what are operators and why we need operators, and what are the different types of operators available in SQL Server.

What is an Operator in SQL Server?

A n operator is a symbol that performs some specific operation on operands or expressions. These operators are classified as follows in SQL Server.

• Assignment operator
• Arithmetic operator
• Comparison operator
• Logical operator
• Set operator

Note: In this article, I am going to discuss Assignment Operator,  rest of all other operators will discuss one by one from our upcoming articles.

Understanding the Assignment Operator in SQL Server:

Let us understand how to use the Assignment Operator in SQL Server with an example. We are going to use the following Employee table to understand the Assignment Operator.

Please use the below script to create and populate the Employee table with the required data.

Assignment operator:.

The assignment operator (=) in SQL Server is used to assign the values to a variable. The equal sign (=) is the only Transact-SQL assignment operator. In the following example, we create the @MyCounter variable, and then the assignment operator sets the @MyCounter variable to a value i.e. 1 .

DECLARE @MyCounter INT; SET @MyCounter = 1;

The assignment operator can also be used to establish the relationship between a column heading and the expression that defines the values for that column. The following example displays the column headings as FirstColumn and SecondColumn. The string ‘ abcd ‘ is displayed for all the rows in the FirstColumn column heading. Then, each Employee ID from the Employee table is listed in the SecondColumn column heading.

SELECT FirstColumn = ‘abcd’,  SecondColumn = ID  FROM Employee;

Compound Assignment Operators in SQL Server:

SQL SERVER 2008 has introduced a new concept of Compound Assignment Operators. The Compound Assignment Operators are available in many other programming languages for quite some time. Compound Assignment Operators are operated where variables are operated upon and assigned in the same line. Compound-assignment operators provide a shorter syntax for assigning the result of an arithmetic or bitwise operator. They perform the operation on the two operands before assigning the result to the first operand.

Example without using Compound Assignment Operators

The following example is without using Compound Assignment Operators.

Example using Compound Assignment Operators

The above example can be rewritten using Compound Assignment Operators as follows.

Following are the list of available compound operators in SQL Server

+= Adds some amount to the original value and sets the original value to the result. -= Subtracts some amount from the original value and sets the original value to the result. *= Multiplies by an amount and sets the original value to the result. /= Divides by an amount and sets the original value to the result. %= Divides by an amount and sets the original value to the modulo.

In the next article, I am going to discuss Arithmetic Operators in SQL Server. Here, in this article, I try to explain the Assignment Operator in SQL Server with Examples. I hope this article will help you with your needs. I would like to have your feedback. Please post your feedback, question, or comments about this article.

About the Author: Pranaya Rout

Pranaya Rout has published more than 3,000 articles in his 11-year career. Pranaya Rout has very good experience with Microsoft Technologies, Including C#, VB, ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, EF, EF Core, ADO.NET, LINQ, SQL Server, MYSQL, Oracle, ASP.NET Core, Cloud Computing, Microservices, Design Patterns and still learning new technologies.

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Operators in SQL Server covers almost all the important areas of SQL. This tutorial is very good.

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Assignment Operators In C++

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• C++ Assignment Operator Overloading
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• Operators in C++
• C++ Arithmetic Operators
• Bitwise Operators in C++
• Casting Operators in C++
• Assignment Operators in C
• Assignment Operators in Python
• Compound assignment operators in Java
• Arithmetic Operators in C
• Operators in C

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

• Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
• Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
• Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
• Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
• Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
• Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
• Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
• Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
• Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
• Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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= (Assignment Operator) (Transact-SQL)

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The equal sign (=) is the only Transact-SQL assignment operator. In the following example, the @MyCounter variable is created, and then the assignment operator sets @MyCounter to a value returned by an expression.

The assignment operator can also be used to establish the relationship between a column heading and the expression that defines the values for the column. The following example displays the column headings FirstColumnHeading and SecondColumnHeading . The string xyz is displayed in the FirstColumnHeading column heading for all rows. Then, each product ID from the Product table is listed in the SecondColumnHeading column heading.

Operators (Transact-SQL) Compound Operators (Transact-SQL) Expressions (Transact-SQL)

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Unit 1: Augmented Assignment Operators

Table of contents, augmented assignment operators.

A lot of times in programming you’ll need to update a value relative to itself. For instance, when you’re playing a video game and you collect a coin, your score might go up by 5 points relative to what it was before.

In Java, that would look like this (assume a variable score has already been delcared and initialized):

Augmented assignment operators allow us to do that with less typing:

There are augmented assignment operators for each of the arithmetic operators. In the table below, assume var is a variable that has been declared and initialized.