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• Sweeteners Unlikely to Increase Your Appetite
• Arsenic in Water Used for Cooking
• Keto Diet Prevents Early Memory Decline in Mice
• How Bitter Polyphenols Promote Well-Being
• Crave Snacks After Eating? Food-Seeking Neurons
• Fiber, Genes and the Gut Microbiome
• Intermittent Fasting and Higher CVD Death Risk
• Overeating and Starving Both Damage the Liver
• Fish Fed to Farmed Salmon: Part of Our Diet?
• Industrial Societies: Healthy Gut Microbe Loss

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Monday, march 25, 2024.

• Confusing Assistance Requirements Contribute to Food Insecurity Among College Students

Friday, March 22, 2024

• An Avocado a Day May Improve Overall Diet Quality, Researchers Report

Wednesday, March 20, 2024

• Metformin During Pregnancy Affects the Brain Development in Offspring Mice, Study Finds

Friday, March 15, 2024

• Fatty Food Before Surgery May Impair Memory in Old, Young Adults
• Gut Bacteria Important for Overcoming Milk Allergy

Thursday, March 14, 2024

• How Home Food Availability Affects Young Children's Nutrient Intake
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• A Healthier Diet Is Linked With a Slower Pace of Aging, Reduced Dementia Risk, Study Shows

Wednesday, March 13, 2024

• Middle-Age Obesity Is Caused by Changes in the Shape of Neurons in the Brain

Tuesday, March 12, 2024

• Maternal Obesity May Promote Liver Cancer

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• Infant Health Suffered During Baby Formula Shortage

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• Too Little Sleep Raises Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, New Study Finds

Tuesday, March 5, 2024

• For a Healthy Fruit Snack, What Would You Choose?
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• Waist-to-Height Ratio Detects Fat Obesity in Children and Adolescents Significantly Better Than BMI

Monday, March 4, 2024

• Studies on Coffee Consumption: New Biomarker Proposed

Friday, March 1, 2024

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Thursday, February 29, 2024

• Refrigerate Lettuce to Reduce Risk of E. Coli Contamination
• Small Dietary Changes Can Cut Your Carbon Footprint by 25%

Tuesday, February 27, 2024

• Living Near Pubs, Bars and Fast-Food Restaurants Could Be Bad for Heart Health

Monday, February 26, 2024

• Obesity Disrupts Normal Liver Function in Mice

Thursday, February 22, 2024

• Metabolic Diseases May Be Driven by Gut Microbiome, Loss of Ovarian Hormones

Tuesday, February 20, 2024

• Common Hair Loss and Prostate Drug May Also Cut Heart Disease Risk in Men and Mice
• Avid Appetite in Childhood Linked to Later Eating Disorder Symptoms
• Fasting-Like Diet Lowers Risk Factors for Disease, Reduces Biological Age in Humans
• Could Ultra-Processed Foods Be the New 'silent' Killer?
• Bridging Diet, Microbes, and Metabolism: Implications for Metabolic Disorders

Monday, February 19, 2024

• Eating Too Much Protein Is Bad for Your Arteries, and This Amino Acid Is to Blame
• Link Between High Levels of Niacin -- A Common B Vitamin -- And Heart Disease, Study Suggests

Friday, February 16, 2024

• Why Do(n't) People Support Being Nudged Towards Healthier Diets?

Thursday, February 15, 2024

• Do Sugar-Free Candy and Gum Give You Gas? Researchers Think They Know Why
• Protein-Rich Breakfast Boosts Satiety and Concentration
• Helping Caregivers Help People With Dementia Eat at Home

Tuesday, February 13, 2024

• A Closer Look at Cannabis Use and Binge Eating

Monday, February 12, 2024

• Nutrients Direct Intestinal Stem Cell Function and Affect Aging

Thursday, February 8, 2024

• Physical Activity Is Insufficient to Counter Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption

Wednesday, February 7, 2024

• Pregnant Women Should Avoid Ultraprocessed, Fast Foods, Experts Urge

Tuesday, February 6, 2024

• Males Born to Obese Mothers More Likely to Suffer Health Issues as Adults

Wednesday, January 31, 2024

• Healthy Diet Early in Life Seems to Protect Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Tuesday, January 30, 2024

• How Fasting May Protect Against Inflammation
• Switching to Vegan or Ketogenic Diet Rapidly Impacts Immune System

Monday, January 29, 2024

• A Non-Allergenic Wheat Protein for Growing Better Cultivated Meat
• Study Urges People to Think Twice Before Going on a Diet
• How Obesity Dismantles Our Mitochondria

Thursday, January 25, 2024

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Thursday, January 18, 2024

• Role of 'hunger Hormone' Receptor in Obesity-Realted Chronic Inflammation
• Removing Largest Serving Sizes of Wine Decreases Alcohol Consumption, Study Finds
• New Gut-Brain Circuits Found for Sugar and Fat Cravings
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Wednesday, January 17, 2024

• New Research Finds Half-Cardio, Half-Strength Training Reduces Cardiovascular Disease Risks

Thursday, January 11, 2024

• Scientists Identify How Dietary Restriction Slows Brain Aging and Increases Lifespan

Tuesday, January 9, 2024

• How Fruit Bats Got a Sweet Tooth Without Sour Health
• Main Regulator for the Body`s 'oven' Discovered

Monday, January 8, 2024

• Drugs Used to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Reduce Alcohol Cravings, Use in Individuals With Obesity
• Participants in School-Based Gardening and Food Programs Benefit from Lasting Impacts on Dietary Behaviors

Wednesday, January 3, 2024

• New Reasons Eating Less Fat Should Be One of Your Resolutions

Tuesday, January 2, 2024

• 'Nutritional Quality Must Be at the Heart of Climate Smart Agriculture' -- Researchers

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Thursday, December 21, 2023

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• Study Unveils a Role of Mitochondria in Dietary Fat Processing

Monday, December 18, 2023

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Friday, December 15, 2023

• US Adults Eat a Meal's Worth of Calories of Snacks in a Day

Thursday, December 14, 2023

• AI Study Reveals Individuality of Tongue's Surface
• High Cholesterol Caused by Childhood Sedentariness Could Be Reversed With Light Physical Activity

Wednesday, December 13, 2023

• Poor Diet Quality During Adolescence Is Linked to Serious Health Risks

Tuesday, December 12, 2023

• Fat Flies Live Longer on a Diet at Any Age
• Heavy Metals in Our Food Are Most Dangerous for Kids

Monday, December 11, 2023

• Clinical Trial Demonstrates That the Ketogenic Diet Is Effective at Controlling Polycystic Kidney Disease
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Thursday, December 7, 2023

• Manipulation of Gut Microbiota With Flaxseed Could Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
• Specific Genetic Variant May Help Prevent Obesity
• Cocoa Extract Supplement May Benefit Cognition Among Older Adults With Lower Diet Quality

Tuesday, December 5, 2023

• Pregnant Women Are Missing Vital Nutrients Needed for Them and Their Babies
• Reliable Research and Evidence-Based Recommendations Scarce for Women Who Exercise According to Menstrual Cycle

Monday, December 4, 2023

• Survey Finds Americans Struggle to Maintain Healthy Habits During the Holiday Season

Friday, December 1, 2023

• Vitamin D Supplements Do Not Prevent Bone Fractures in Children
• How Pre And Postnatal B-12 Vitamins Improve Breast Milk Vitamin B-12 Levels, Which Supports Infant Brain Development

Thursday, November 30, 2023

• Twin Research Indicates That a Vegan Diet Improves Cardiovascular Health

Wednesday, November 29, 2023

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Tuesday, November 28, 2023

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Monday, November 27, 2023

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Wednesday, November 22, 2023

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Tuesday, November 21, 2023

• Ultra-Processed Foods and Higher Risk of Mouth, Throat and Esophagus Cancers

Monday, November 20, 2023

• Why Do Some People Get Headaches from Drinking Red Wine?
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Friday, November 17, 2023

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Thursday, November 16, 2023

• Hunger Hormones Impact Decision-Making Brain Area to Drive Behavior

Wednesday, November 15, 2023

• People With Obesity Burn Less Energy During Day

Tuesday, November 14, 2023

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Monday, November 13, 2023

• Cycle of Fasting and Feeding Is Crucial for Healthy Aging
• Ground-Breaking Discovery Could Pave the Way for New Therapies to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
• Study Finds Melatonin Use Soaring Among Youth
• Cut Salt, Cut Blood Pressure

Thursday, November 9, 2023

• Allergic Responses to Common Foods Could Significantly Increase Risk of Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Death
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Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022

Francisco j. pérez-cano.

1 Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ude.bu@zerepocsicnarf ; Tel.: +34-9-340-24505

2 Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain

Many aspects of how food and diet can improve individual health, performance, and wellbeing remain to be discovered. It is necessary to know the exact composition and nutrient availability of diets (food types, preparation, combinations, etc.), the characteristics of individuals (genetics, microbiome, physiological or pathophysiological status, age, etc.), as well as those of the environment that surrounds them. In this sense, this Special Issue entitled “Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022”, edited by Prof. Dr. Philip J. Atherton, Prof. Dr. Ina Bergheim, Prof. Dr. M. Luisa Bonet, Prof. Dr. David C. Nieman, and Dr. Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, has focused on aspects of nutrition and nutritional sciences that are already at the center of current concerns, and which may help humans to face envisaged social and health scenarios in the coming years. The research into nutrition has evolved remarkably in recent years, mostly by applying post-genomic technologies to ascertain mechanisms of nutrient action, including biomarkers of nutrition and health and precision nutrition.

The first aspect to highlight in this Special Issue is the diet–disease relationship. In this sense, metabolic alterations such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, among others, have in recent years become the most prevalent non-communicable diseases, which in turn provokes a high health-associated cost. For that, there is increasing interest in finding preventive and therapeutic solutions. The review article of Correia et al. [ 1 ], as part of a larger project (PARTNERSHIP, Putting the pAtient fiRsT: maNagemEnt of chRonic diSeases by tHerapeutIc Patient education focused on the management of chronic disorders), consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of therapeutic patient education (TPE) interventions for DM and obesity on a wide number of biomedical, psychosocial, and psychological outcomes. Among the expected biomedical findings, such as the evident effectiveness of TPE interventions in improving serum HbA1c levels in DM patients, is noteworthy that these preventive actions seem not to be guided by multidisciplinary teams, in which the nutritionist would play a key role.

Second, besides the role of nutrition on particular diseases, of importance is the life period of the study, especially if the individual has an opportunity for improvement. Thus, nutrition is critical during pregnancy for both the mother’s and the child’s health and their short/long-term outcomes. The article of Lisso et al. [ 2 ] included in this Special Issue evaluated the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the 3 pregnancy trimesters in 176 women from normal weight and overweight conditions. Overall, the authors found that independently of their weight during pregnancy, Italian women from the study did not adhere to nutritional recommendations, having a lower caloric and certain micronutrients intake but higher protein and sugar intakes. These results, in line with other studies, highlight the importance of providing adequate counseling, including both educational and supplementation interventions if required, to ensure optimal maternal metabolism and fetal growth and development during pregnancy.

Third, in addition to the impact that dietary modifications can have on health and disease management, the use of dietary supplements should be also considered. This Special Issue includes two different in vivo approaches studying dietary supplementations, their impact on microbiota compositions, and also their impact on certain health conditions. On the one hand, as gut microbiota can play a critical role in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD), Rossell-Cardona et al. [ 3 ] have studied whether the neuroprotective effects of a particular supplement, the spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP), involve the microbiota–gut–brain axis (GBA). The authors found that the dietary supplementation with SDP induced a new intestinal microbial balance that seemed to reduce the intestinal permeability and local and systemic immune and inflammatory responses, which may be involved in the neuroinflammation process of the cognitive decline in these senescent mice model studied. On the other hand, Kienesberger et al. [ 4 ] compared the activity of several probiotics with their derived postbiotics, defined as the preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on their host functionality. The authors found that the postbiotic supernatants had some in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effect and modulated the composition of BALB/c mice microbiota. Both the SDP and the postbiotics assayed are then new products that can exert their actions indirectly through microbiota modulation, thus reinforcing interest in these types of supplements. Further studies in this line to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms but also to prove their effect on humans are needed in order to guarantee their benefit.

Finally, new biomarkers and methods are appearing to connect nutrition and genotype/phenotype. In this sense, the expression of microRNA (miRNAs) is related to certain pathological conditions, such as asthma. It is plausible that these changes could be influenced by certain nutrients or bioactive compounds. Taken all together, Castro et al. [ 5 ] found some association between the dietary acid load and those miRNAs related to asthma in the exhaled breath condensate of 150 school participants. The results from this interesting approach should be confirmed in future studies.

In summary, in the study of the relationship of food, dietary patterns, and health, some other aspects should be considered. On the one hand, the interaction of diet and genetics, microbiota, age, or lifestyle, such as exercise and performance, is critical. However, on the other hand, the relationship between nutrition, immunity, and infection has to be considered. In addition, many new food sources and products are or could be on the market, and they deserve to be well characterized in terms of their mechanisms of action and their impact on human health. Finally, any new approaches used for identifying or describing the biomarkers or molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of nutrients deserve special attention too. This Special Issue includes five articles which focus on diet and particular challenges, such as prevalent diseases (metabolic diseases), critical physiological periods (gestation), the gut–brain axis, the recently defined microbial modulator concept of “postbiotic”, or diet–miRNAs interaction. All of the articles included in this Special Issue are examples of the current scientific literature in terms of “Advances in Nutrition”, and they highlight the “Opportunities and Challenges” which have been approached throughout 2022.

Acknowledgments

The author thanks the project PID2020-119602RB-I00 funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the INSA Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant (CEX2021-001234-M) funded by MICIN/AEI/FEDER, UE.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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