research paper free

Help | Advanced Search

arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for nearly 2.4 million scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv.

arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv.

Stay up to date with what is happening at arXiv on our blog.

Latest news

• Astrophysics ( astro-ph new , recent , search ) Astrophysics of Galaxies ; Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ; Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
• Condensed Matter ( cond-mat new , recent , search ) Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ; Materials Science ; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ; Other Condensed Matter ; Quantum Gases ; Soft Condensed Matter ; Statistical Mechanics ; Strongly Correlated Electrons ; Superconductivity
• General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ( gr-qc new , recent , search )
• High Energy Physics - Experiment ( hep-ex new , recent , search )
• High Energy Physics - Lattice ( hep-lat new , recent , search )
• High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ( hep-ph new , recent , search )
• High Energy Physics - Theory ( hep-th new , recent , search )
• Mathematical Physics ( math-ph new , recent , search )
• Nonlinear Sciences ( nlin new , recent , search ) includes: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ; Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases ; Chaotic Dynamics ; Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems ; Pattern Formation and Solitons
• Nuclear Experiment ( nucl-ex new , recent , search )
• Nuclear Theory ( nucl-th new , recent , search )
• Physics ( physics new , recent , search ) includes: Accelerator Physics ; Applied Physics ; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ; Atomic and Molecular Clusters ; Atomic Physics ; Biological Physics ; Chemical Physics ; Classical Physics ; Computational Physics ; Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ; Fluid Dynamics ; General Physics ; Geophysics ; History and Philosophy of Physics ; Instrumentation and Detectors ; Medical Physics ; Optics ; Physics and Society ; Physics Education ; Plasma Physics ; Popular Physics ; Space Physics
• Quantum Physics ( quant-ph new , recent , search )

Mathematics

• Mathematics ( math new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Algebraic Geometry ; Algebraic Topology ; Analysis of PDEs ; Category Theory ; Classical Analysis and ODEs ; Combinatorics ; Commutative Algebra ; Complex Variables ; Differential Geometry ; Dynamical Systems ; Functional Analysis ; General Mathematics ; General Topology ; Geometric Topology ; Group Theory ; History and Overview ; Information Theory ; K-Theory and Homology ; Logic ; Mathematical Physics ; Metric Geometry ; Number Theory ; Numerical Analysis ; Operator Algebras ; Optimization and Control ; Probability ; Quantum Algebra ; Representation Theory ; Rings and Algebras ; Spectral Theory ; Statistics Theory ; Symplectic Geometry

Computer Science

• Computing Research Repository ( CoRR new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Artificial Intelligence ; Computation and Language ; Computational Complexity ; Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ; Computational Geometry ; Computer Science and Game Theory ; Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computers and Society ; Cryptography and Security ; Data Structures and Algorithms ; Databases ; Digital Libraries ; Discrete Mathematics ; Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ; Emerging Technologies ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; General Literature ; Graphics ; Hardware Architecture ; Human-Computer Interaction ; Information Retrieval ; Information Theory ; Logic in Computer Science ; Machine Learning ; Mathematical Software ; Multiagent Systems ; Multimedia ; Networking and Internet Architecture ; Neural and Evolutionary Computing ; Numerical Analysis ; Operating Systems ; Other Computer Science ; Performance ; Programming Languages ; Robotics ; Social and Information Networks ; Software Engineering ; Sound ; Symbolic Computation ; Systems and Control

Quantitative Biology

• Quantitative Biology ( q-bio new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Biomolecules ; Cell Behavior ; Genomics ; Molecular Networks ; Neurons and Cognition ; Other Quantitative Biology ; Populations and Evolution ; Quantitative Methods ; Subcellular Processes ; Tissues and Organs

Quantitative Finance

• Quantitative Finance ( q-fin new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Computational Finance ; Economics ; General Finance ; Mathematical Finance ; Portfolio Management ; Pricing of Securities ; Risk Management ; Statistical Finance ; Trading and Market Microstructure
• Statistics ( stat new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Applications ; Computation ; Machine Learning ; Methodology ; Other Statistics ; Statistics Theory

Electrical Engineering and Systems Science

• Electrical Engineering and Systems Science ( eess new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Audio and Speech Processing ; Image and Video Processing ; Signal Processing ; Systems and Control
• Economics ( econ new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Econometrics ; General Economics ; Theoretical Economics

About arXiv

• General information
• How to Submit to arXiv
• Membership & Giving

“The only truly modern academic research engine”

Oa.mg is a search engine for academic papers, specialising in open access. we have over 250 million papers in our index..

Get Scholarly Articles for Free

Harvard Library has paid for your access to hundreds of websites — from the New York Review of Books to the Oxford English Dictionary to the journal Nature: Chemical Biology . You just need to connect via HarvardKey.

The library offers many tools to quickly check if you have free online access. Each tool has features that you may find helpful at different times. Most people mix and match for different purposes. Find the one that's right for you.

Google Scholar

Get access directly from Google Scholar results.

• Adds the "Try Harvard Library" link to your Google Scholar results
• Selects the best access point for you

Browser Extensions

Adding a browser extension is a way to get articles Harvard Library pays for - no matter what website you're using.

Lean Library

Install the Lean Library plugin to automate access.

• Checks every website that you visit and reloads via Harvard Key automatically
• Notifies you if an ebook or online article is available via Harvard
• No action required: Lean Library is always working in the background
• May sign you out of personally subscribed accounts

Check Harvard Library Bookmarklet

Get one-click access with the Check Harvard Library Bookmark.

• Works on most browsers, including on your phone
• Reloads the page you're on via Harvard Key
• You're in control: use the bookmark when you want to check for access

Check Harvard Library Bookmark

Stay current with your favorite academic journals, preview the table of contents, and never miss a new article. Harvard Library offers free accounts.

Library Access via VPN

Harvard vpn.

Don't want to keep logging in using HarvardKey? Searching for articles while abroad? You can get the same access as a campus computer by installing and configuring a Harvard VPN.

• Generally removes the need to log in to Harvard Key
• Some sites won't recognize VPN, some sites only work on VPN
• Can be helpful for access outside of the United States

Instructions on how to install the VPN client (via HUIT)

Ask a Librarian

Looking for another type of access or free articles? Find answers to commonly asked questions and ask your own. Library staff members are also available via chat during posted hours.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Download 55 million PDFs for free

Explore our top research interests.

Engineering

Anthropology

• Earth Sciences

• Computer Science

• Mathematics

• Health Sciences

Join 265 million academics and researchers

Track your impact.

Share your work with other academics, grow your audience and track your impact on your field with our robust analytics

Discover new research

Get access to millions of research papers and stay informed with the important topics around the world

Publish your work

Publish your research with fast and rigorous service through Academia.edu Journals. Get instant worldwide dissemination of your work

Unlock the most powerful tools with Academia Premium

Work faster and smarter with advanced research discovery tools

Search the full text and citations of our millions of papers. Download groups of related papers to jumpstart your research. Save time with detailed summaries and search alerts.

• Advanced Search
• PDF Packages of 37 papers
• Summaries and Search Alerts

Share your work, track your impact, and grow your audience

Get notified when other academics mention you or cite your papers. Track your impact with in-depth analytics and network with members of your field.

• Mentions and Citations Tracking
• Advanced Analytics
• Publishing Tools

Real stories from real people

Used by academics at over 15,000 universities

Get started and find the best quality research

• Academia.edu Journals
•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Cognitive Science
• Academia ©2024

Sci-Hub is the most controversial project in today science. The goal of Sci-Hub is to provide free and unrestricted access to all scientific knowledge ever published in journal or book form.

Today the circulation of knowledge in science is restricted by high prices. Many students and researchers cannot afford academic journals and books that are locked behind paywalls. Sci-Hub emerged in 2011 to tackle this problem. Since then, the website has revolutionized the way science is being done.

Sci-Hub is helping millions of students and researchers, medical professionals, journalists and curious people in all countries to unlock access to knowledge. The mission of Sci-Hub is to fight every obstacle that prevents open access to knowledge: be it legal, technical or otherwise.

To get more information visit the about Sci-Hub section.

Thank you for joining Sci-Hub mailing list!

Sci-Hub is the most controversial project in today science. The goal of Sci-Hub is to provide free and unrestricted access to all scientific knowledge ever published in journal or book form.

Today the circulation of knowledge in science is restricted by high prices. Many students and researchers cannot afford academic journals and books that are locked behind paywalls. Sci-Hub emerged in 2011 to tackle this problem. Since then, the website has revolutionized the way science is being done.

Sci-Hub is helping millions of students and researchers, medical professionals, journalists and curious people in all countries to unlock access to knowledge. The mission of Sci-Hub is to fight every obstacle that prevents open access to knowledge: be it legal, technical or otherwise.

To get more information visit the about Sci-Hub section.

Thank you for joining Sci-Hub mailing list!

• Advanced search
• Peer review

Discover relevant research today

Advance your research field in the open

Reach new audiences and maximize your readership

ScienceOpen puts your research in the context of

Publications

For Publishers

ScienceOpen offers content hosting, context building and marketing services for publishers. See our tailored offerings

• For academic publishers  to promote journals and interdisciplinary collections
• For open access journals  to host journal content in an interactive environment
• For university library publishing  to develop new open access paradigms for their scholars
• For scholarly societies  to promote content with interactive features

For Institutions

ScienceOpen offers state-of-the-art technology and a range of solutions and services

• For faculties and research groups  to promote and share your work
• For research institutes  to build up your own branding for OA publications
• For funders  to develop new open access publishing paradigms
• For university libraries to create an independent OA publishing environment

For Researchers

Make an impact and build your research profile in the open with ScienceOpen

• Search and discover relevant research in over 94 million Open Access articles and article records
• Share your expertise and get credit by publicly reviewing any article
• Publish your poster or preprint and track usage and impact with article- and author-level metrics
• Create a topical Collection  to advance your research field

Create a Journal powered by ScienceOpen

Launching a new open access journal or an open access press? ScienceOpen now provides full end-to-end open access publishing solutions – embedded within our smart interactive discovery environment. A modular approach allows open access publishers to pick and choose among a range of services and design the platform that fits their goals and budget.

Continue reading “Create a Journal powered by ScienceOpen”   

What can a Researcher do on ScienceOpen?

ScienceOpen provides researchers with a wide range of tools to support their research – all for free. Here is a short checklist to make sure you are getting the most of the technological infrastructure and content that we have to offer. What can a researcher do on ScienceOpen? Continue reading “What can a Researcher do on ScienceOpen?”   

ScienceOpen on the Road

Upcoming events.

• 15 June – Scheduled Server Maintenance, 13:00 – 01:00 CEST

Past Events

• 20 – 22 February – ResearcherToReader Conference
• 09 November – Webinar for the Discoverability of African Research
• 26 – 27 October – Attending the Workshop on Open Citations and Open Scholarly Metadata
• 18 – 22 October – ScienceOpen at Frankfurt Book Fair.
• 27 – 29 September – Attending OA Tage, Berlin .
• 25 – 27 September – ScienceOpen at Open Science Fair
• 19 – 21 September – OASPA 2023 Annual Conference .
• 22 – 24 May – ScienceOpen sponsoring Pint of Science, Berlin.
• 16-17 May – ScienceOpen at 3rd AEUP Conference.
• 20 – 21 April – ScienceOpen attending Scaling Small: Community-Owned Futures for Open Access Books .

What is ScienceOpen?

• Smart search and discovery within an interactive interface
• Researcher promotion and ORCID integration
• Open evaluation with article reviews and Collections
• Business model based on providing services to publishers

Live Twitter stream

Some of our partners:.

• Mission and history
• Platform features
• Library Advisory Group
• What’s in JSTOR
• For Librarians
• For Publishers

Open research reports

JSTOR hosts a growing curated collection of more than 50,000 open research reports from 187 think tanks and research institutes from around the world. These publications are freely accessible to everyone on JSTOR and discoverable as their own content type alongside journals, books, and primary sources. We update research reports on our platform each month as they become available through contributing institutes.

Download the list (xlsx) of contributing policy institutes.

Research reports provide current analysis on many of today’s most discussed and debated issues from a diversity of ideological and international perspectives representing 40 countries and 29 languages. A sample of topics would include: climate change, border security, fake news, cybersecurity, electric vehicles, artificial intelligence, energy policy, gender issues, terrorism, remote learning, recent trends in business and economics, and various public health issues, including COVID-19.

Although the briefs, papers, and reports published by these institutes are not peer-reviewed, they are written by policy experts and members of the academic community who are fellows in residence. This is content that impacts policy, both foreign and domestic. It is also increasingly used by faculty in their classrooms for its currency, breadth, and accessibility.

JSTOR’s research reports cover seven Areas of Focus: Business & Economics, Critical Race & Ethnic Studies, Education, Gender & Sexuality, Public Health, Security Studies, and Sustainability.

Browse research reports

Why research reports on JSTOR?

Input from faculty and librarians revealed that although research reports were for the most part freely available outside of JSTOR, they were hard to find and not easily discoverable alongside relevant material. It was also difficult for students to differentiate between the most credible research reports and a growing corpus of questionable sources on the Web.

JSTOR has attempted to redress these issues by centralizing a curated collection of think tank research reports on a single platform, making this content freely available to all JSTOR users, and enhancing its discoverability through comprehensive searching and the application of rich metadata.

SpringerOpen open access books

We offer authors the option to publish their books and chapters open access – making your research freely available to anyone with internet access!

We offer authors the option to publish open access books and chapters in a wide range of areas within science, technology and medicine (STM) and within the humanities and social sciences (HSS).

Open access allows unrestricted online access to your ebook with no reading or subscription fees. Authors retain copyright and are able to comply with funders' open access mandates.

Our open access academic books and chapters on average receive seven times more downloads, 50% more citations, and ten times more online mentions compared to non-open access books*. 

Each open access scholarly book or chapter receives the same editorial and publishing expertise, rigorous peer review and high quality production process that non-open access books receive.

Read more about why you should publish an open access book.

Contact  one of our publishing editors in your discipline to discuss your proposal. 

* From our report ' The OA Effect '.

​​​​​​​Highlights from our open access books list

Download free of charge

Browse our open access books and download them free of charge from SpringerLink (HTML, PDF, ePub) or Amazon (MOBI).

SpringerOpen is part of Springer Nature .

Reference management. Clean and simple.

The top list of academic search engines

1. Google Scholar

4. science.gov, 5. semantic scholar, 6. baidu scholar, get the most out of academic search engines, frequently asked questions about academic search engines, related articles.

Academic search engines have become the number one resource to turn to in order to find research papers and other scholarly sources. While classic academic databases like Web of Science and Scopus are locked behind paywalls, Google Scholar and others can be accessed free of charge. In order to help you get your research done fast, we have compiled the top list of free academic search engines.

Google Scholar is the clear number one when it comes to academic search engines. It's the power of Google searches applied to research papers and patents. It not only lets you find research papers for all academic disciplines for free but also often provides links to full-text PDF files.

• Coverage: approx. 200 million articles
• Abstracts: only a snippet of the abstract is available
• Related articles: ✔
• References: ✔
• Cited by: ✔
• Links to full text: ✔
• Export formats: APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver, RIS, BibTeX

BASE is hosted at Bielefeld University in Germany. That is also where its name stems from (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine).

• Coverage: approx. 136 million articles (contains duplicates)
• Abstracts: ✔
• Related articles: ✘
• References: ✘
• Cited by: ✘
• Export formats: RIS, BibTeX

CORE is an academic search engine dedicated to open-access research papers. For each search result, a link to the full-text PDF or full-text web page is provided.

• Coverage: approx. 136 million articles
• Links to full text: ✔ (all articles in CORE are open access)
• Export formats: BibTeX

Science.gov is a fantastic resource as it bundles and offers free access to search results from more than 15 U.S. federal agencies. There is no need anymore to query all those resources separately!

• Coverage: approx. 200 million articles and reports
• Links to full text: ✔ (available for some databases)
• Export formats: APA, MLA, RIS, BibTeX (available for some databases)

Semantic Scholar is the new kid on the block. Its mission is to provide more relevant and impactful search results using AI-powered algorithms that find hidden connections and links between research topics.

• Coverage: approx. 40 million articles
• Export formats: APA, MLA, Chicago, BibTeX

Although Baidu Scholar's interface is in Chinese, its index contains research papers in English as well as Chinese.

• Coverage: no detailed statistics available, approx. 100 million articles
• Abstracts: only snippets of the abstract are available
• Export formats: APA, MLA, RIS, BibTeX

RefSeek searches more than one billion documents from academic and organizational websites. Its clean interface makes it especially easy to use for students and new researchers.

• Coverage: no detailed statistics available, approx. 1 billion documents
• Abstracts: only snippets of the article are available
• Export formats: not available

Consider using a reference manager like Paperpile to save, organize, and cite your references. Paperpile integrates with Google Scholar and many popular databases, so you can save references and PDFs directly to your library using the Paperpile buttons:

Google Scholar is an academic search engine, and it is the clear number one when it comes to academic search engines. It's the power of Google searches applied to research papers and patents. It not only let's you find research papers for all academic disciplines for free, but also often provides links to full text PDF file.

Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature developed at the Allen Institute for AI. Sematic Scholar was publicly released in 2015 and uses advances in natural language processing to provide summaries for scholarly papers.

BASE , as its name suggest is an academic search engine. It is hosted at Bielefeld University in Germany and that's where it name stems from (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine).

CORE is an academic search engine dedicated to open access research papers. For each search result a link to the full text PDF or full text web page is provided.

Science.gov is a fantastic resource as it bundles and offers free access to search results from more than 15 U.S. federal agencies. There is no need any more to query all those resources separately!

Free, fast and fair: the global primary research record where researchers publish their work in full detail

Octopus is a new publishing platform for scholarly research. Funded by UKRI – the UK government research funder.

Here researchers can publish all their work for free, in full detail, enabling peer review and quality assessment, gaining credit for what they have done, and allowing the research community to build upon it.

Research Culture Report

Researchers at the University of Bristol have recently conducted an investigation into the current state of the research culture. They found academic researchers demoralised by a culture that disincentivises sharing and collaboration, encourages questionable research practices, and increases the risk of bias. These findings underline the need for a platform such as Octopus. Their results are detailed in the report "A snapshot of the academic research culture in 2023 and how it might be improved".

Recording your work on Octopus is different from publishing a paper. There are eight publication types that are aligned with the research process and designed to help researchers of all types share their work and be recognised for it.

Anyone can read anything in Octopus – it's designed to make primary research openly available to all.

Every publication in Octopus is linked to another, forming branching chains of research. You can navigate these chains from every publication page to browse areas of research and discover something new.

Before you can publish research work, you need to create an account via ORCID®. ORCID is a system of unique, persistent digital identifiers developed specifically for researchers.

Octopus is designed to incentivise best practice in research, utilise the opportunities of open access, and to improve the research culture.

Review our FAQs to find out more about how the platform works.

One platform for all researcher needs

AI-powered academic writing assistant

R Discovery

Your #1 AI companion for literature search

Mind the Graph

AI tool for graphics, illustrations, and artwork

Unlock unlimited use of all AI tools with the Editage All Access membership.

Content Type

R discovery prime.

Audio Papers, Translation, Collaboration, Auto-sync, Multi-feed,

Audio Papers, Translation, Collaboration, Auto-sync, Multi-feed

Audio Papers

Translation

Collaboration

Your #1 AI companion for literature search!

R Discovery accelerates your research discovery journey, with latest and relevant content in your area of interest.

10,000+ Reviews on

2.5M+ App Downloads

Why R Discovery is the best AI tool for academic paper search

Personalised Recommendations

• Smart Search
• Organise and Collaborate
• Reading Experience

Effortless research reading with personalized recommendations

Worried about missing out but tired of always searching for the right academic research papers? Enjoy seamless research reading with R Discovery's Reading Feed, which identifies articles based on your interests and delivers personalized recommendations in a simple social media style.

250M+ Research Papers

The most up-to-date and one of the largest scholarly content repositories

Peer reviewed Journal papers

Open access papers

Conference Documents

Universities & Institutions

• 7.5M+ Patents
• 8M+ Summaries & Highlights

R Discovery Partners : Making Academic Research Accessible

Content partners, technology partners, r discovery is the first choice of researchers across all major disciplines.

Get relevant academic research papers from the cleanest, most reliable academic research library

Looking for specific academic research papers? Search here! 👇

Research collections.

Curated by our properitary discoveryCurate™ AI algorithm

Climate Justice

Covid-19 Research

Sustainable Development Goals

Medical Specialties

R discovery success stories, why researchers love r discovery.

It helps the individual to save time searching for literature and also have ample time to read and make your notes.

Josephine Sarfo

It's a great for scholars who are enthusiastic in research and this app keeps me updated everytime based on the domain I choose which is very easy to continue my exploring in research. This app is soo helpful for me. It's a great app

Priyanka Gundu

It keeps me updated with the latest trends in the desired fields of research. Nothing better than this. Incredible APP for researchers!

I'm glad I stumbled upon this product. It has been really easy sailing through the tiring part of searching and filtering through an overwhelming number of publications with R Discovery. Simply Love it!

Gayatri Prasanth

Incredibly well thought out app. Makes scanning through multiple research articles a breeze. The concept search feature takes a lot of the guesswork out of the equation.Highly recommend i t!

Rads Sharma

Amazing app for independent research, whether casual or in depth! Plenty of tags to keep to what's relevant or even explore other topics. I also appreciate getting papers from around the world in different languages

Richard Solace

I receive subject notifications daily of the most up to date research in my field. I can save my own library of research papers to refer to later.

Sandy Comber

Unlock unlimited access to R Discovery's innovative App-only Prime features for just $3/month

Frequently Asked Questions About R Discovery

Who can use and benefit from r discovery.

R Discovery is an app for students and researchers to simplify literature search and research reading, but it can be used by anyone interested in scholarly pursuits. Say goodbye to information overload and hello to seamless research reading with R Discovery, which instantly creates personalized reading feeds based on your interests, so you’re always updated on the latest, most relevant academic research for you!

What content will I find on R Discovery?

R Discovery hosts content from top aggregators like PubMed, PubMed Central, CrossRef, Unpaywall, Open Alex and top academic research publications, including Wiley, Elsevier, Springer Nature, IOP, SAGE, Taylor & Francis, NEJM, Emerald Publishing, BMJ, Karger, Underline.io and more. Elevate your research reading experience with access to 250M+ research articles, including 40M+ open access articles, across 32,000 journals as well as 2M+ preprints and 7.5M+ patents.

How can R Discovery help me find relevant academic research papers?

Once you enter your reading preferences, R Discovery’s robust AI algorithm scans its academic research database to identify and prioritize the top reads for you based on your topics of interest. Users can also search by paper title and abstract or find academic research papers on specific topics or from a specific journal. Simply filter by publication type or date, access type, journals, authors, or relevance to fine-tune the academic research results. The best part, R Discovery’s AI learns from past searches and the kind of academic research papers you like on the app to refine its suggestions, ensuring you have the very best research reading experience.

What are R Discovery’s best features to support researchers?

R Discovery’s unique features are designed to help you save time and improve your literature search and research reading! Read free scientific articles from the most trustworthy global academic research database, cleaned to remove duplication, eliminate ambiguities in journal, publisher, author names, and exclude predatory content. Benefit from our daily research reading recommendations, curated feeds, institutional access to paywalled journal articles, smart summaries, and new research alerts. Redefine your research reading with R Discovery Prime, which lets you listen to research on the go, read research in your language, collaborate on shared reading lists, and automatically sync your library with reference managers. It’s all you need and more to take your academic research to the next level.

How can I access R Discovery for my academic research projects?

R Discovery allows you to effortlessly switch between mobile and web depending on your academic research reading habits. Simply register for free and enter your topics of interest to set up your feed and start getting relevant academic research reading recommendations for your research project. Browse online at https://discovery.researcher.life/ or download the free R Discovery app (recommended), which comes with additional app-only Prime features, from Google Play or the App Store.

Is R Discovery free or a paid app/product?

R Discovery is free to install and use for anyone who wants to stay updated and create an impact with their research. Once you download the app for free on your Android or iOS operating system, it only takes a few minutes to register and setup your academic research library. Explore for free or get an R Discovery Prime subscription to unlock unlimited Prime benefits at just $12/month or $24/quarter or $72/year.

Copyright 2024 Cactus Communications. All rights reserved.

Research paper

Research paper is a written report which contains the results of original scientific research (primary research article) or the review of published scientific papers on one or several science topics (review article). In primary research articles, the authors give vital information about the research that allows other members of the scientific community to evaluate it, reproduce science experiments, and also to assess the reasoning and conclusions drawn from them. Review articles are designed to analyze, evaluate, summarize or synthesize research already conducted in primary academic sources. Quite often, a science article combines these two types of scientific text, including the overview and original parts.

Currently, the number of scientific articles in open access is growing fast, but all of them are spread on numerous science websites on the Internet, and therefore it is hard for a researcher to find the necessary information for new science discoveries or download PDF due to the unreliability of websites.

CyberLeninka is intended to solve this problem. We provide platform, which aggregates a lot of free articles from various open access peer-reviewed journals . And our global goal is to build new research infrastructure for academia.

Directory of open access articles based on OECD fields of science and technology

• Medical and Health sciences
• Basic medicine
• Clinical medicine
• Health sciences
• Health biotechnology
• Natural sciences
• Mathematics
• Computer and information sciences
• Physical sciences
• Chemical sciences
• Earth and related environmental sciences
• Biological sciences
• Engineering and Technology
• Civil engineering
• Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
• Mechanical engineering
• Chemical engineering
• Materials engineering
• Medical engineering
• Environmental engineering
• Environmental biotechnology
• Industrial biotechnology
• Nano technology
• Agricultural sciences
• Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
• Animal and dairy science
• Veterinary science
• Agricultural biotechnology
• Social sciences
• Economics and business
• Educational sciences
• Political science
• Social and economic geography
• Media and communications
• History and archaeology
• Languages and literature
• Philosophy, ethics and religion
• Arts, history of arts, performing arts, music

Association "Open Science"

access millions of research papers with Paper Panda

So easy to use, such a huge life saver in terms of research and assessments !! have not come across a article i can not, not read thanks to this :D so happy and has made life easier, thank you, thank you, thank you

One of the most useful web extensions I have ever used, Thank you to the girl on Tiktok that recommended it. I hope both sides of her pillow are cold everyday. Thank you to the developers as well. Huge thumbs up.

es muy bueno!!!! y muy útil!!! estoy literalmente llorando de la felicidad porque ahora puedo ver ensayos o artículos que antes necesitaba y no podía, y además es muy fácil de usar muy recomendado

It is soooooo amazing ,easy to use and it works like a charm. Helped me a great deal!! Thank you so much

Works great. Been using it only for a short while, but it didn’t fail yet. It’s also very quick. Downside is that it sometimes downloaded an early version of the paper, not the final published paper.

very helpful in searching scientific articles

way far out from my excecptation, seldom giving comment but i have to shout out for this one !! Super great!!!!!

Why didn't i know this existed years ago this is the best tool for a scholar ever thank you!!!!!!!!!!

Cela me change la vie. C'est juste incroyable de pouvoir accéder à la connaissance sans aucune barrière. L'outil est bluffant, rapide et sûr.

An amazing extension for a researcher.

Makes my research a whole ton easier

I wish I found this earlier. It works perfectly, easy to access any articles

Game Changer for my thesis, thanks so much!

Insanely useful, and it is probably one of the greatest things in 2021.

Muy recomendable. Útil y fácil de usar.

muy fácil de usar

Loving this!!

Fácil de usar y útil para estudiantes

Ứng dụng tuyệt vời cho nghiên cứu khoa học

Great app useful for my research

Thank you so much for making my life easier!!!!!!!!!

A melhor extensão!

“Paywall? What’s that?”

Paperpanda searches the web for pdf s so you don’t have to, i’m here to help, you’ve probably run into this problem – you want to read a paper, but it’s locked behind a paywall. maybe you have access to it through your library or university, maybe it’s available to download for free through an open access portal, maybe the author uploaded a pdf to a website somewhere – but how are you going to find it paperpanda is here to help just click the tiny panda in your toolbar and the panda will run off and find the paper for you., access research papers in one click, save time accessing full-text pdf s with the free paperpanda browser plugin, stop clicking and start reading, stop navigating paywalls, search engines, and logins. paperpanda helps you get that full-text pdf faster.

• Library of Congress
• Research Guides
• Main Reading Room

Federalist Papers: Primary Documents in American History

Full text of the federalist papers.

• Introduction
• Federalist Nos. 1-10
• Federalist Nos. 11-20
• Federalist Nos. 21-30
• Federalist Nos. 31-40
• Federalist Nos. 41-50
• Federalist Nos. 51-60
• Federalist Nos. 61-70
• Federalist Nos. 71-80
• Federalist Nos. 81-85
• Related Digital Resources
• External Websites
• Print Resources

History, Humanities & Social Sciences : Ask a Librarian

Have a question? Need assistance? Use our online form to ask a librarian for help.

Chat with a librarian , Monday through Friday, 12-4pm Eastern Time (except Federal Holidays).

The Federalist , commonly referred to as the Federalist Papers, is a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788. The essays were published anonymously, under the pen name "Publius," in various New York state newspapers of the time.

The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. In lobbying for adoption of the Constitution over the existing Articles of Confederation, the essays explain particular provisions of the Constitution in detail. For this reason, and because Hamilton and Madison were each members of the Constitutional Convention, the Federalist Papers are often used today to help interpret the intentions of those drafting the Constitution.

The Federalist Papers were published primarily in two New York state newspapers: The New York Packet and The Independent Journal . They were reprinted in other newspapers in New York state and in several cities in other states. A bound edition, with revisions and corrections by Hamilton, was published in 1788 by printers J. and A. McLean. An edition published by printer Jacob Gideon in 1818, with revisions and corrections by Madison, was the first to identify each essay by its author's name. Because of its publishing history, the assignment of authorship, numbering, and exact wording may vary with different editions of The Federalist .

The electronic text of The Federalist used here was compiled for Project Gutenberg by scholars who drew on many available versions of the papers.

One printed edition of the text is The Federalist , edited by Jacob E. Cooke (Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Press, 1961). Cooke's introduction provides background information on the printing history of The Federalist; the information provided above comes in part from his work.

This web-friendly presentation of the original text of the Federalist Papers (also known as The Federalist) was obtained from the e-text archives of Project Gutenberg. Any irregularities with regard to grammar, syntax, spelling, or punctuation are as they exist in the original e-text archives.

Table of Contents

• << Previous: Introduction
• Next: Federalist Nos. 1-10 >>
• Last Updated: Apr 25, 2024 10:16 AM
• URL: https://guides.loc.gov/federalist-papers

• Frank Cerabino
• Nation & World
• Fort Lauderdale

Jeffrey Epstein secret transcripts: Victim was asked, Do you know 'you committed a crime?'

The Jeffrey Epstein saga began — and could have ended — in Palm Beach County in 2006. The Palm Beach Post sued in 2019 to find out why it didn't. Now, secret documents detailing what happened 18 years ago when Epstein was indicted on only a single prostitution charge are public.

When presenting her case against Jeffrey Epstein to a 2006 grand jury, a Palm Beach County prosecutor asked one of two teenage victims testifying whether she was aware she "committed a crime,” according to secret transcripts published Monday in a Palm Beach Post lawsuit.

Members of the grand jury echoed the accusatory tones of assistant state attorneys Lanna Belohlavek and Mary Ann Duggan, posing questions that sounded more like condemnation.

One juror asked the girl: “Do you have any idea, deep down inside of you, that you — what you’re doing is wrong?”Victim: “Yeah. I did.”

Juror: “Have you set the goals to not do it anymore?”

Victim: “Yes.”

Juror: “And you’re well aware that — what you’re doing to your own reputation?”

Victim: “Yes. I do.”

Belohlavek: “You’re aware that you committed a crime?”

Victim: “Now I am.”

The Post sued for the release of the materials after it found in its 2019 investigation that then-Palm Beach County State Attorney Barry Krischer undermined his own case against Epstein in 2006. His office never spoke with any of the victims, according to state attorney documents, and once Epstein's famous defense attorneys came to town, his office quit communicating regularly with police.

No longer secret: Jeffrey Epstein 2006 grand jury documents are public. Read for yourself what happened

Read The Post's 2019 investigation: How Jeffrey Epstein's first prosecutors failed his victims, seeing them as prostitutes

In a highly unusual move, Krischer convened a grand jury to consider criminal charges against Epstein. During the proceeding, sources told The Post , prosecutor Belohlavek questioned only two victims. Belohlavek then undermined her own witnesses.

Those victims, one a 14-year-old girl, stood up to a man who hobnobbed with the likes of former Presidents Donald Trump and Bill Clinton.

POST EXCLUSIVE: Never-before-seen Jeffrey Epstein biography surfaces

The grand jury indicted Epstein on only one charge — felony solicitation of prostitution, what a "john" would face propositioning an adult sex worker. The mysterious outcome did not address the fact that police say they found multiple incidents of sexual abuse of about two dozen young women and underage girls.

Palm Beach police thought the crimes were more extensive. They'd found five minors who were victims and whose accusations could prompt criminal charges, according to the law at the time. Seventeen witnesses, many of whom were 16 or 17 when Epstein abused them, could have backed up their stories, which were strikingly similar.

This survivor wanted documents released: Jeffrey Epstein victim goes public: ’I want to know why’

Charges recommended by police could have put Epstein in prison for decades. He ended up spending 13 months in jail and left six days a week, 12 hours a day, on work release.

The outcome of the grand jury proceeding and another prostitution charge that Epstein pleaded guilty to allowed him to traffic, rape and molest underage girls for 11 more years after he pleaded guilty. One victim's attorney estimates Epstein abused at least 500 victims.

Hear Palm Beach Post Investigations Editor Holly Baltz discuss what the transcripts reveal (at 8:10):

StarTribune

Landmark university of minnesota papers on alzheimer's disease and stem cells retracted.

Years after questions were raised about their integrity, two of the University of Minnesota's highest-profile scientific discoveries have been retracted in one week — one that offered hope over the therapeutic potential of stem cells and another that offered a promising path toward treating Alzheimer's disease.

The studies are more than a decade old and superseded by other discoveries in their fields. But the retractions of the Alzheimer's paper on Monday and the stem cell paper on June 17 are setbacks for an institution that is fighting to move up the U.S. rankings in academic reputation and federal research dollars.

Both studies were published in the prestigious journal Nature and collectively have been cited nearly 7,000 times. Researchers worldwide were using these papers to support their work years after they had been disputed.

That shows the harm in the drawn-out university investigation and the journal's retractions, said Dr. Matthew Schrag, a neurologist who scrutinized the Alzheimer's paper in 2022 outside of his role at Vanderbilt University. "We are squandering not only resources but the credibility and reputation of our profession by failing to address obvious misconduct."

The university in a statement on Tuesday said that it has many ethics requirements that weren't in place when these papers were published that should prevent future disputes and retractions.

The discoveries were notable in their days because they offered unexpected solutions to vexing scientific and political problems.

Dr. Catherine Verfaillie and colleagues in 2002 reported that they coaxed mesenchymal stem cells from adult bone marrow into growing numerous other cell types and tissues in the body. Only stem cells from early-stage human embryos had shown such regenerative potential at that time, and they were controversial because they were derived from aborted fetuses or leftover embryos from infertility treatments. President George W. Bush had banned federal funding for embryonic research, fueling a search for alternative stem cell sources.

Dr. Karen Ashe and colleagues similarly gained global attention in 2006 when they found a molecular target that appeared influential in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, which remains incurable and a leading source of dementia and death in America's aging population. Mice mimicking that molecule, amyloid beta star 56, showed worse memory loss based on their ability to navigate a maze. Ashe theorized that a drug targeting that molecule could help people overcome or slow Alzheimer's debilitating effects.

The problems leading to the retractions were remarkably similar. Colleagues at other institutions struggled to replicate their findings, which prompted others to look closer at the images of cellular or molecular activity in mice on which their findings were based.

Peter Aldhous first raised concerns in 2006 over the stem cell discovery as a science journalist and San Francisco bureau chief for New Scientist magazine.

"The big claim that these were essentially the same as embryonic stem cells and can differentiate into anything, nobody was able to replicate that," he said.

Verfaillie and colleagues corrected the Nature paper in 2007, which contained an image of cellular activity in mice that appeared identical to an image in a different paper that supposedly came from different mice. The U then launched an investigation over complaints of image duplications or manipulations in more of Verfaillie's papers. It eventually cleared her of misconduct , but blamed her for inadequate training and oversight and claimed that a junior researcher had falsified data in a similar study published in the journal Blood. That article was retracted in 2009.

Concerns resurfaced in 2019 over the Nature stem cell paper when Elisabeth Bik, a microbiologist-turned-research detective, found more examples of image duplication.

Bik also turned out to be a key critic of Ashe's Alzheimer's discoveries, raising concerns about images in her Nature paper and related studies. Much of the blame has fallen on coauthor Sylvain Lesne, a U neuroscientist who was responsible for the published images. Lesne did not reply to a request for comment, but authorized the university to disclose that it completed its internal investigation into the Nature paper without finding evidence of misconduct. Reviews of other publications from Lesne's lab are ongoing.

Changes over the past decade at the university have sought to reduce academic scandals, including a system added in 2008 for anonymous reporting and for managing accusations. All researchers leading studies at the U are now trained in avoiding conflicts of interest, plagiarism and misconduct.

The retractions are "painful" but the university accepts the journal's decisions and remains committed to ethical research, said Shashank Priya, vice president for research and innovation. "What I know is that the vast majority of researchers ... go to their labs, their fields or their classrooms every day with a strong sense of purpose and integrity."

Even as the papers continue to be cited, researchers have turned to other targets. Ashe has pivoted to the search for a medication that can prevent dysfunctional tau proteins from disrupting the brain's thinking cells, or neurons.

Ashe said she agreed to the Nature retraction reluctantly because she had published follow-up research that offered fresh proof of her findings and recommended a correction to the Nature paper that would have further upheld those findings.

"When the editors decided not to publish the correction, however, I opted to retract the article," she said in an email, adding that "we are encouraged by results of ongoing experiments about Abeta*56, and continue to believe that it could improve our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of better treatments."

Lesne was the only coauthor to disagree with the retraction, even though Nature stated that the paper contained "excessive manipulation, including splicing, duplication and the use of an eraser tool" to edit the images.

Verfaillie directed the university's stem cell institute and remained involved in its research even after returning to Belgium in 2006. The recent retiree did not reply to an email for comment, but said in a translation of a Belgium newspaper article that the retraction is "a stain on our reputation." Nature called for the correction because Verfaillie and other authors couldn't locate authentic images to prove the validity of their research.

"There is indeed a problem with a photo," she said. "We have not found the correct photo twenty years after the research was conducted. But even without that photo, the conclusion still stands."

The dispute over the utility of mesenchymal stem cells became less important in 2007, when Shinya Yamanaka revealed a process for reprogramming mouse skin cells so that they could mimic the versatility of embryonic stem cells. Others were able to repeat the process, which earned the Japanese researcher a share of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2012.

Aldhous said it is disappointing that it took years to resolve questions over the Alzheimer's paper, and much longer to do the same over the stem cell paper. He said he doesn't believe the university has adequately solved whether the researchers made repeated mistakes or committed intentional misconduct. The junior researcher blamed for errors in one stem cell paper was not involved in other disputed papers, he noted.

However, he said it is arguably more important to quickly correct the scientific record so that faulty or unsubstantiated research doesn't influence other scientists and send them in wrong directions.

"Why have we had to wait for so long to consign this to the trash can, essentially?" he asked. "This should have happened years ago."

Jeremy Olson is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter covering health care for the Star Tribune. Trained in investigative and computer-assisted reporting, Olson has covered politics, social services, and family issues.

• Biden rejects independent medical evaluation in ABC interview as he fights to stay in race
• A rustic Gunflint Trail fish camp inspired an adventurous young woman home
• Trump denies knowing about Project 2025, his allies' sweeping plan to transform the US government
• St. Paul celebrity chef Justin Sutherland addresses charges he assaulted girlfriend
• Crystal police prepare for more juvenile 'takeovers' at Becker Park

July 4th disturbances result in 30 Dinkytown arrests but fewer Minneapolis melees, no gun violence

Man in critical condition after falling 30 feet from ruins near Stone Arch Bridge

Crystal police prepare for more juvenile 'takeovers' at Becker Park

Man climbs up tree and falls to his death during july 4th celebration in aitkin county.

Man dead in homicide at St. Paul home that has seen frequent police contacts

• Historic Lowertown St. Paul building goes into bankruptcy 3:27pm
• Crystal police prepare for more juvenile 'takeovers' at Becker Park 55 minutes ago
• Crystal police prepare for more juvenile 'takeovers' at Becker Park • Local
• July 4th disturbances result in 30 Dinkytown arrests but fewer Minneapolis melees, no gun violence • Minneapolis
• St. Paul celebrity chef Justin Sutherland addresses charges he assaulted girlfriend • St. Paul
• Historic Lowertown St. Paul building goes into bankruptcy • St. Paul
• Charges: Man is robbed of $23K, stabbed, hit with car and left on Meeker County road • Local

© 2024 StarTribune. All rights reserved.

• Change Font Size A A
• Change Language हिंदी | Hindi
• Focus on Story
• हिंदी | Hindi
• T20 World Cup
• T20 WC Points Table
• Euro Schedule
• Table tennis
• Othersports
• Cricket Matches
• Football Matches
• All Matches

Jude Bellingham Brilliance Papers Over Cracks In England's Euro 2024 Case

Another embarrassing exit for english football at a major tournament was looming in gelsenkirchen until bellingham's acrobatic effort in the 95th minute broke slovak hearts..

England's quest to end 58 years of hurt at Euro 2024 remains alive thanks to one moment of Jude Bellingham brilliance, but the Three Lions failed to look like future European champions in sneaking past Slovakia 2-1. Another embarrassing exit for English football at a major tournament was looming in Gelsenkirchen until Bellingham's acrobatic effort in the 95th minute broke Slovak hearts. A minute into extra-time, Harry Kane then completed the comeback to set up a meeting with Switzerland on Saturday in the quarter-finals.

However, any excitement among the England fan base at ending up on the perceived weaker side of the draw was drained away by another turgid performance from Gareth Southgate's men.

England arrived in Germany hyped as pre-tournament favourites thanks to a squad stacked with attacking talent.

Slovakia coach Francesco Calzona insisted on the eve of the game that Southgate is working with "the best squad at the Euros".

But a team featuring the Bundesliga's top scorer Kane, the Premier League's player of the year Phil Foden and a recently crowned Champions League winner in Bellingham has been laboured in possession and easy to defend against.

Until Bellingham's late intervention, England had scored just two goals in four games, while the deficiencies of a makeshift back line were also exploited by Slovakia early on.

The side ranked 45th in the world had already spurned two big chances before Ivan Schranz strolled through the heart of the England defence to slot home his third goal of the tournament on 25 minutes.

England fans dominated all but a small section of the 50,000 capacity AufSchalke Arena and made their disillusionment heard as boos greeted the half-time whistle.

Southgate's men marginally improved after the break but bar a header Kane sent wide from a free-kick and a Declan Rice shot from distance that came back off the post, they had created little as Slovakia sat deep to defend their lead.

After a 0-0 draw against Slovenia that had guaranteed top spot in Group C, Southgate had bemoaned an "unusual atmosphere" as he was pelted with empty beer cups by disgruntled supporters.

'Scoring goals is my release'

The England manager and his players were braced for an even more severe outpouring of rage until Bellingham produced a moment of brilliance that allowed him to answer his critics after two underwhelming performances against Denmark and Slovenia.

"Playing for England, it's a lot of pleasure but you also hear a lot of people talk a lot of rubbish. It's nice when you deliver you can give them a little bit back," said the Real Madrid star of his goal celebration.

"For me playing football, being on the pitch, scoring goals is my release and it's maybe a message to a few people."

Southgate was more understanding of the wave of criticism that is still set to come his side's way before they face the Swiss in Duesseldorf.

"We're putting a plaster over things and giving young players opportunities," said Southgate.

"We're somehow finding a way. I can imagine how everyone is going to react even though we've won but we are still in there. The one thing that cannot be questioned is the desire, the commitment, the character."

The spotlight is on Southgate to find a solution over the next six days to avoid failing again to deliver major tournament glory at his fourth attempt.

Switzerland made light work of beating holders Italy 2-0 on Saturday and are a significant step-up in quality from Slovakia.

The England boss hailed the impact of his substitutes. 

Eberechi Eze and Ivan Toney played a part in Kane's winning goal, while Cole Palmer added some thrust from midfield.

However, the fact it took 66 minutes for Southgate to make any changes and his stubbornness in starting 10 of the same 11 in all four games so far has left his judgement open to question.

Bellingham's intervention ensures Southgate will take charge of his country for the 100th time in the quarter-finals.

But England will need to be much improved if he is to stay in his job beyond the century mark.

(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)

Advertisement

New York Times Editorial Board: Biden should drop out after debate with Donald Trump

The New York Times Editorial Board is calling for President Joe Biden to drop out of the 2024 presidential race after his disastrous debate performance Thursday night with former President Donald Trump.

"The United States needs a stronger opponent to the presumptive Republican nominee," said the Times editorial board, which operates separately from its newsroom. Editorial writers cited the "stakes for the country and the uneven abilities of Mr. Biden."

Biden's debate performance against Trump Thursday night has sparked panic amongst Democrats and numerous calls for him to step down from the presidential ticket. His voice sounded unsteady and feeble and he noticeably froze while attempting to answer a question about the economy.

The Times argues in its op-ed piece that "the president is engaged in a reckless gamble," adding that "it's too big a bet to simply hope Americans will overlook or discount Mr. Biden's age and infirmity that they see with their own eyes."

Biden attempted to reframe the debate at a boisterous campaign rally in Raleigh, N.C. on Friday, where he addressed the sparring match with Trump. "I know I'm not a young man − to state the obvious," Biden said. "Folks, I don't walk as easy as I used to. I don't speak as smoothly as I used to. I don't debate as well as I used to. But I know what I do know: I know how to tell the truth."

Biden vowed not to drop out of the campaign and said he was confident he could do the job if reelected. If he were to serve a full second term, he would be 86 by the time he left office. Trump, 78, and Biden are the oldest presumptive nominees for president in American history.