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Chemistry Education Resources on Water

Chemistry at  Home

The ACS is making educational resources available by topic to aid parents and teachers during this time of distance learning.

Water is a simple molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. But what a marvel it is! It is the “universal solvent” because it is able to dissolve so many different substances. It is also one of the few substances that exist in all three phases on the earth. And speaking of the earth, over 70% of the earth’s surface is water!

Find out more with this selection of water-related educational resources from the American Chemical Society.

All Grade Levels

• ACS Reactions Videos Playlist

Elementary & Middle School

Aact resources.

• Coffee Creamer Ice Cream  – Lab
• Soil Permeability  – Lab
• Clean-Up Pond Pollution  – Lesson
• Would You Drink It?  – Activity

Inquiry in Action – Second Grade Lessons

• Chapter 1 Lesson 1.3 – Designing an Absorbency Test (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.1  – Liquids Have Properties (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 3 Lesson 3.1  – Dissolving Is a Property (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 4 Lesson 4.1  – Float and Sink (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)

See more Second Grade Lessions >

Inquiry in Action – Fifth Grade Lessons

• Chapter 1 Lesson 1.1 – Matter is Made of Tiny Particles (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 1 Lesson 1.2 – Dissolving M&Ms (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 1 Lesson 1.3 – Dissolving and Back Again (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 1 Lesson 1.4 – The Water Cycle (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.1 – Using Dissolving to Identify Substances (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.2 – Identifying an Unknown Liquid (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.3 – Mixing Liquids to Identify an Unknown Liquid (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.4  – Densi ty and Sinking and Floating (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)
• Chapter 2 Lesson 2.5  – The Density of Liquids (PDF) | Student Activity Sheet (PDF)

See more Fifth Grade Lessons >

Celebrating Chemistry

• The Wonders of Water (PDF)  English | Español

Science ABCs

• “D” is for Drop
• “F” is for Float
• “I” is for Ice
• “O” is for Ocean

Middle School Chemistry

• The Water Molecule and Dissolving – Lesson Plan
• Density – Lesson Plan
• Changes of State – Lesson Plan
• Temperature and Density – Multimedia
• Molecules Matter – Multimedia
• Melting – Multimedia
• Freezing – Multimedia
• Evaporation – Multimedia
• Density of Water – Multimedia
• Condensation – Multimedia

High School & Beyond

• The Chemistry of Water – Video & Questions
• What Makes Water So Special – Activity
• Heating Curve of Water – Simulation
• Abe Goes Swimming – Lab

ChemMatters

• The Flint Water Crisis: What's Really Going On? (December 26)  |  Teacher Guide (.docx)

Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN)

• How Lead Ended up in Flint’s Tap Water – Article
• Periodic Graphics: The Chemistry of Snow and Ice – Article
• For Healthier Lakes, Rivers, and Drinking Water, Hold the Salt – Article
• Climate Change Will Affect Access to Fresh Water. How Will We Cope? – Article

ACS Publications

• Sustaining Water Resources: Environmental and Economic Impact – Journal Article

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The solubility of He in water at 25.0 °C is 7.0 × 10⁻⁵ M when the partial pressure of He is 0.20 atm. What is the value of the Henry's law constant for He ?

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Order not to use tap water in West Virginia community enters fourth week after plant malfunction

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CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — A notice ordering residents of a northern West Virginia community not to use their tap water entered its fourth week Wednesday after a treatment-plant malfunction allowed the release of a hazardous solvent.

Dr. Matt Christiansen, the state’s health officer, said preliminary findings from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed tetrachloroethylene in the water serving the community of Paden City along the Ohio River.

Tetrachloroethylene is a harmful chemical widely used by dry cleaners. Paden City officials have said a dry cleaner in the town of about 2,500 residents closed early this century.

The city issued the “do not use” order on Aug. 16 after a pump valve malfunctioned at a water treatment plant. City officials said the issue was fixed then while testing on the water continued.

Christiansen said the order will remain in effect “until there’s no doubt in our minds that the chemical has been fully flushed from the system. In the meantime, we understand everyone’s frustration at the local level and concern with the situation. But our goal remains getting that water back on and doing it safely.”

Last year, the EPA added Paden City’s groundwater to a national Superfund cleanup priority list. Sites are added to the list when contamination poses significant human health and environmental risks. They are then eligible to receive federal funding for long-term cleanup projects.

At the time, untreated groundwater collected in Paden City was discovered to contain tetrachloroethylene at levels higher than the federally allowed limit, the EPA said. The agency says tetrachloroethylene is a likely carcinogen and can harm an individual’s nervous system, liver, kidneys and reproductive system.

Tetrachloroethylene had been detected in Paden City’s water system since around 2010 at levels below maximum allowable standards The city was assessed a violation notice in December 2018 after the levels exceeded the federally allowed limit.

Paden City’s new water treatment plant debuted in May 2020.

“This is an EPA Superfund site, and they’re the lead agency,” Gov. Jim Justice said Wednesday. “Sometimes federal agencies move a lot slower than what we want to move.”

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Two-dimensional janus pentagonal msete (m = ni, pd, pt): promising water-splitting photocatalysts and opto-electronic materials.

Inspired by the interesting and novel properties exhibited by Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and two-dimensional pentagonal structures, we here investigated the structural stability, mechanical, electronic photocatalytic, and optical properties for a class of two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal Janus TMDs, namely penta-MSeTe (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) monolayers, by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Hubbard’s correction (U). Our results showed that these monolayers exhibit well structural stability, proper band structures for photocatalysts, high visible light absorption, and good photocatalytic applicability. The calculated electronic properties reveal that the penta-MSeTe are semiconductors with bandgap range of 2.06-2.39 eV, and their band edge positions meet the requirements for water-splitting photocatalysts in various environment (pH = 0-13). We used stress engineering to seek higher solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency in acidic (pH=0), neutral (pH=7) and alkaline (pH=13) environments for penta-MSeTe through 0% to +8% biaxial and uniaxial strains. Our results showed that penta-PdSeTe stretched 8% along y direction demonstrates STH efficiency up to 29.71% when pH=0, which breaks the theoretical limit of conventional photocatalytic model. We also calculated the optical properties and found that they exhibit high absorption (13.11%) in the visible light range and own diverse range of hyperbolic regions. Hence, it is anticipated that penta-MSeTe materials hold great promise for applications in photocatalytic water splitting and optoelectronic devices.

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Y. Yuan, L. Pan, Z. Wang, Z. Zeng, H. Geng and X. Chen, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2023, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D3CP02398B

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