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Conditional AND

The operator is applied between two Boolean expressions. It is denoted by the two AND operators (&&). It returns true if and only if both expressions are true, else returns false.

Conditional OR

The operator is applied between two Boolean expressions. It is denoted by the two OR operator (||). It returns true if any of the expression is true, else returns false.

Let's create a Java program and use the conditional operator.

ConditionalOperatorExample.java

Ternary Operator

The meaning of ternary is composed of three parts. The ternary operator (? :) consists of three operands. It is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The operator decides which value will be assigned to the variable. It is the only conditional operator that accepts three operands. It can be used instead of the if-else statement. It makes the code much more easy, readable, and shorter.

Note: Every code using an if-else statement cannot be replaced with a ternary operator.

The above statement states that if the condition returns true, expression1 gets executed, else the expression2 gets executed and the final result stored in a variable.

Conditional Operator in Java

Let's understand the ternary operator through the flowchart.

Conditional Operator in Java

TernaryOperatorExample.java

Let's see another example that evaluates the largest of three numbers using the ternary operator.

LargestNumberExample.java

In the above program, we have taken three variables x, y, and z having the values 69, 89, and 79, respectively. The expression (x > y) ? (x > z ? x : z) : (y > z ? y : z) evaluates the largest number among three numbers and store the final result in the variable largestNumber. Let's understand the execution order of the expression.

Conditional Operator in Java

First, it checks the expression (x > y) . If it returns true the expression (x > z ? x : z) gets executed, else the expression (y > z ? y : z) gets executed.

When the expression (x > z ? x : z) gets executed, it further checks the condition x > z . If the condition returns true the value of x is returned, else the value of z is returned.

When the expression (y > z ? y : z) gets executed it further checks the condition y > z . If the condition returns true the value of y is returned, else the value of z is returned.

Therefore, we get the largest of three numbers using the ternary operator.

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

The if-then and if-then-else Statements

The if-then statement.

The if-then statement is the most basic of all the control flow statements. It tells your program to execute a certain section of code only if a particular test evaluates to true . For example, the Bicycle class could allow the brakes to decrease the bicycle's speed only if the bicycle is already in motion. One possible implementation of the applyBrakes method could be as follows:

If this test evaluates to false (meaning that the bicycle is not in motion), control jumps to the end of the if-then statement.

In addition, the opening and closing braces are optional, provided that the "then" clause contains only one statement:

Deciding when to omit the braces is a matter of personal taste. Omitting them can make the code more brittle. If a second statement is later added to the "then" clause, a common mistake would be forgetting to add the newly required braces. The compiler cannot catch this sort of error; you'll just get the wrong results.

The if-then-else Statement

The if-then-else statement provides a secondary path of execution when an "if" clause evaluates to false . You could use an if-then-else statement in the applyBrakes method to take some action if the brakes are applied when the bicycle is not in motion. In this case, the action is to simply print an error message stating that the bicycle has already stopped.

The following program, IfElseDemo , assigns a grade based on the value of a test score: an A for a score of 90% or above, a B for a score of 80% or above, and so on.

The output from the program is:

You may have noticed that the value of testscore can satisfy more than one expression in the compound statement: 76 >= 70 and 76 >= 60 . However, once a condition is satisfied, the appropriate statements are executed (grade = 'C';) and the remaining conditions are not evaluated.

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In software development, an operator works on one or more operands in an expression. The Java programming language provides support for the following types of operators:

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Unary Operators
  • Assignment Operator
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Ternary Operator
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Shift Operators
  • Comparison Operators

Ternary operators can be used to replace if…else or switch…case statements in your applications to make the code easy to understand and maintain over time. This programming tutorial talks about conditional operators and how you can work with them in Java.

What are the Types of Conditional Operators in Java?

There are three types of conditional operators in Java. These include:

  • Conditional AND
  • Conditional OR

Refer to the following piece of example Java code:

The same code can be written using a conditional operator as follows:

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Conditional AND Operator in Java

If a developer wants to check if two conditions are true at the same time, they can use Java’s conditional AND operator. This operator is represented by two ampersands ( && ).

Here is some example code showing how to use the conditional AND operator in Java:

If both condition1 and condition2 evaluate to true , the code inside the if block will be executed. On the contrary, if either condition1 or condition2 evaluates to false , code written inside the if statement will not be executed at all.

The following code example uses an if statement with a conditional AND operator to print a message when both conditions are satisfied:

Conditional OR Operator in Java

The conditional OR operator ( || ) in Java will return true if any of the operands is true . If both the operands evaluate to false , it will return false .

The following Java code example using the OR operator will print “true” at the console window:

Similarly, the following code will print “true” at the console window:

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Ternary Operator in Java

The ternary operator is a conditional operator that can be used to short-circuit evaluation in Java. It accepts three operands that comprise of a boolean condition, an expression that should be executed if the condition specified is true , and a second expression that should be executed if the condition is false .

In Java, the ternary operator is a one-liner alternative to if-else statements. You can use ternary operators and nested ternary operators to replace if-else statements.

The syntax of the ternary operator in Java is:

The condition must be a boolean expression. If the condition is true , then action1 will be executed. If the condition is false , then action2 will be executed.

Here is an example of how the ternary operator can be used in Java:

In this code example, if the condition (x < y) is true , then z will be assigned the value of x . If the condition (x < y) is false , then z will be assigned the value of y .

Here is another example of a ternary operator in Java:

Note that any code programmers write using ternary operators in Java can also be written using if..else statements. However, by using ternary operators, developers can improve the readability of their code.

Short-Circuiting Evaluation in Java

In java, the conditional AND and conditional OR operations can be performed on two boolean expressions using the && and || operators. Note that these operators can exhibit “short-circuiting” behavior, which means only the second operand is evaluated if necessary.

The conditional operator evaluates the boolean condition and then short-circuit evaluation executes either the true or false expression accordingly. This operator is often used as a replacement for if-else statements. You can use it to make your source code more readable, maintainable, and concise.

Here is the syntax of the if..else construct in Java:

For example, consider the following if-else statement:

This statement can be rewritten using the conditional operator as follows:

Final Thoughts on Conditional Operators in Java

Developers can use the conditional AND operator to determine whether both operands are true and the conditional OR operator to determine if any of the two operands is true . If you are using the conditional AND operator, the resulting value of the expression will be true if both operands are true .

If you are using a conditional OR operator, the resulting value of the expression will be true if either operand is true . The conditional AND operator is represented by an ampersand && and the conditional OR operator is represented by || .

The ternary operator may intimidate inexperienced developers, despite its simplicity and conciseness. Using nested ternary operators can be confusing. When choosing between Java ternary operators and if…else expressions, we would recommend using the latter for simplicity.

Read more Java programming tutorials and software development guides .

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The else Statement

Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false .

In the example above, time (20) is greater than 18, so the condition is false . Because of this, we move on to the else condition and print to the screen "Good evening". If the time was less than 18, the program would print "Good day".

The else if Statement

Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false .

In the example above, time (22) is greater than 10, so the first condition is false . The next condition, in the else if statement, is also false , so we move on to the else condition since condition1 and condition2 is both false - and print to the screen "Good evening".

However, if the time was 14, our program would print "Good day."

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Java Conditional Operator

Java programming tutorial index.

The Java Conditional Operator selects one of two expressions for evaluation, which is based on the value of the first operands. It is also called  ternary operator because it takes three arguments.

The conditional operator is used to handling simple situations in a line.

The above syntax means that if the value given in Expression1 is true, then Expression2 will be evaluated; otherwise, expression3 will be evaluated.

Program to Show Conditional Operator Works

In the above example, the condition given in expression1 is false because the value of a is not equal to the value of b.

Conditional statements and conditional operation

Our programs have so far been linear. In other words, the programs have executed from top to bottom without major surprises or conditional behavior. However, we usually want to add conditional logic to our programs. By this we mean functionality that's in one way or another dependent on the state of the program's variables.

To branch the execution of a program based on user input, for example, we need to use something known as a conditional statement . The simplest conditional statement looks something like this.

Hello, world! This code is unavoidable!

A conditional statement begins with the keyword if followed by parentheses. An expression is placed inside the parentheses, which is evaluated when the conditional statement is reached. The result of the evaluation is a boolean value. No evaluation occurred above. Instead, a boolean value was explicitly used in the conditional statement.

The parentheses are followed by a block, which is defined inside opening- { and closing } curly brackets. The source code inside the block is executed if the expression inside the parentheses evaluates to true .

Let's look at an example where we compare numbers in the conditional statement.

If the expression in the conditional statement evaluates to true, the execution of the program progresses to the block defined by the conditional statement. In the example above, the conditional is "if the number in the variable is greater than 10". On the other hand, if the expression evaluates to false, the execution moves on to the statement after the closing curly bracket of the current conditional statement.

NB! An if -statement is not followed by a semicolon since the statement doesn't end after the conditional.

Code Indentation and Block Statements

A code block refers to a section enclosed by a pair of curly brackets. The source file containing the program includes the string public class , which is followed by the name of the program and the opening curly bracket of the block. The block ends in a closing curly bracket. In the picture below, the program block is highlighted.

An example of a block

The recurring snippet public static void main(String[] args) in the programs begins a block, and the source code within it is executed when the program is run — this snippet is, in fact, the starting point of all programs. We actually have two blocks in the example above, as can be seen from the image below.

part1 6 block example 2

Blocks define a program's structure and its bounds. A curly bracket must always have a matching pair: any code that's missing a closing (or opening) curly bracket is erroneous.

A conditional statement also marks the start of a new code block.

In addition to the defining program structure and functionality, block statements also have an effect on the readability of a program. Code living inside a block is indented. For example, any source code inside the block of a conditional statement is indented four spaces deeper than the if command that started the conditional statement. Four spaces can also be added by pressing the tab key (the key to the left of 'q'). When the block ends, i.e., when we encounter a } character, the indentation also ends. The } character is at the same level of indentation as the if -command that started the conditional statement.

The example below is incorrectly indented.

The example below is correctly indented.

Comparison Operators

  • > greater than
  • >= greater than or equal to
  • < less than
  • <= less than or equal to
  • == equal to
  • != not equal to

The number was not equal to 0

If the expression inside the parentheses of the conditional statement evaluates to false, then the execution of the code moves to the statement following the closing curly bracket of the current conditional statement. This is not always desired, and usually we want to create an alternative option for when the conditional expression evaluates to false.

This can be done with the help of the else command, which is used together with the if command.

Your number is five or less!

If an else branch has been specified for a conditional statement, the block defined by the else branch is run in the case that the condition of the conditional statement is false. The else -command is placed on the same line as the closing bracket of the block defined by the if -command.

More Conditionals: else if

In the case of multiple conditionals, we use the else if -command. The command else if is like else , but with an additional condition. else if follows the if -condition, and they may be multiple.

The number must be three!

Let's read out the example above: 'If the number is one, then print "The number is one", else if the number is two, then print "The given number is two", else if the number is three, then print "The number must be three!". Otherwise, print "Something else!"'

The step-by-step visualization of the code above:

Order of Execution for Comparisons

The comparisons are executed top down. When execution reaches a conditional statement whose condition is true, its block is executed and the comparison stops.

The number is greater than zero.

The example above prints the string "The number is greater than zero." even if the condition number > 2 is true. The comparison stops at the first condition that evaluates to true.

Conditional Statement Expression and the Boolean Variable

The value that goes between the parentheses of the conditional statement should be of type boolean after the evaluation. boolean type variables are either true or false .

The value of the boolean variable is true

The conditional statement can also be done as follows:

Pretty wild!

Comparison operators can also be used outside of conditionals. In those cases, the boolean value resulting from the comparison is stored in a boolean variable for later use.

In the example above, the boolean variable isGreater now contains the boolean value false . We can extend the previous example by adding a conditional statement to it.

part1 6 boolean variable

The code in the image above has been executed to the point where the program's variables have been created and assigned values. The variable isLessThan has true as its value. Next in the execution is the comparison if (isLessThan) — the value for the variable isLessThan is found in its container, and the program finally prints:

1 is less than 3!

Conditional Statements and Comparing Strings

Even though we can compare integers, floating point numbers, and boolean values using two equals signs ( variable1 == variable2 ), we cannot compare the equality of strings using two equals signs.

You can try this with the following program:

Enter the first string same Enter the second string same The strings were different!

Enter the first string same Enter the second string different The strings were different!

This has to do with the internal workings of strings as well as how variable comparison is implemented in Java. In practice, the comparison is affected by how much information a variable can hold — strings can hold a limitless amount of characters, whereas integers, floating-point numbers, and boolean values always contain a single number or value only. Variables that always contain only one number or value can be compared using an equals sign, whereas this doesn't work for variables containing more information. We will return to this topic later in this course.

When comparing strings we use the equals -command, which is related to string variables. The command works in the following way:

Enter a string ok! Missed the mark!

Enter a string a string Great! You read the instructions correctly.

The equals command is written after a string by attaching it to the string to be compared with a dot. The command is given a parameter, which is the string that the variable will be compared against. If the string variable is being directly compared with a string, then the string can be placed inside the parentheses of the equals-command within quotation marks. Otherwise, the name of the string variable that holds the string to be compared is placed inside the parentheses.

In the example below the user is prompted for two strings. We first check to see if the provided strings are the same, after which we'll check if the value of either one of the two strings is "two strings".

Input two strings hello world The strings were different!

Input two strings two strings world The strings were different! Clever!

Input two strings same same The strings were the same!

Logical Operators

The expression of a conditional statement may consist of multiple parts, in which the logical operators and && , or || , and not ! are used.

  • An expression consisting of two expressions combined using the and-operator is true, if and only if both of the combined expressions evaluate to true.
  • An expression consisting of two expressions combined using the or-operator is true if either one, or both, of the combined expressions evaluate to true.
  • Logical operators are not used for changing the boolean value from true to false, or false to true.

In the next example we combine two individual conditions using && , i.e., the and-operator. The code is used to check if the number in the variable is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10. In other words, whether it's within the range of 5-10:

Is the number within the range 5-10: It is! :)

In the next one we provide two conditions using || , i.e., the or-operator: is the number less than zero or greater than 100. The condition is fulfilled if the number fulfills either one of the two conditions:

Is the number less than 0 or greater than 100 It is! :)

In this example we flip the result of the expression number > 4 using ! , i.e., the not-operator. The not-operator is written in such a way that the expression to be flipped is wrapped in parentheses, and the not-operator is placed before the parentheses.

The number is greater than 4.

Below is a table showing the operation of expressions containing logical operators.

Execution Order of Conditional Statements

Let's familiarize ourselves with the execution order of conditional statements through a classic programming exercise.

'Write a program that prompts the user for a number between one and one hundred, and prints that number. If the number is divisible by three, then print "Fizz" instead of the number. If the number is divisible by five, then print "Buzz" instead of the number. If the number is divisible by both three and five, then print "FizzBuzz" instead of the number.'

The programmer begins solving the exercise by reading the exercise description and by writing code according to the description. The conditions for execution are presented in a given order by the description, and the initial structure for the program is formed based on that order. The structure is formed based on the following steps:

  • Write a program that prompts the user for a number and prints that number.
  • If the number is divisible by three, then print "Fizz" instead of the number.
  • If the number is divisible by five, then print "Buzz" instead of the number.
  • If the number is divisible by both three and five, then print "FizzBuzz" instead of the number.

If-type conditions are easy to implement using if - else if - else -conditional statements. The code below was written based on the steps above, but it does not work correctly, which we can see from the example.

The problem with the previous approach is that the parsing of conditional statements stops at the first condition that is true . E.g., with the value 15 the string "Fizz" is printed, since the number is divisible by three (15 % 3 == 0).

One approach for developing this train of thought would be to first find the most demanding condition , and implement it. After that, we would implement the other conditions. In the example above, the condition "if the number is divisible by both three and five" requires two things to happen. Now the train of thought would be:

  • Write a program that reads input from the user.
  • Otherwise the program prints the number given by the user.

Now the problem seems to get solved.

30 FizzBuzz

Remember to check your points from the ball on the bottom-right corner of the material!

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Idiom #252 Conditional assignment

Assign to the variable x the string value "a" if calling the function condition returns true , or the value "b" otherwise.

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What is the conditional operator ?: in Java?

The conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide; which value should be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as:

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Operators constitute the basic building block of any programming language. Java provides many types of operators that can be used according to the need to perform various calculations and functions, be it logical, arithmetic, relational, etc. They are classified based on the functionality they provide. Here are a few types: 

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Unary Operators
  • Assignment Operator
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Ternary Operator
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Shift Operators

This article explains all that one needs to know regarding Arithmetic Operators. 

Ternary Operator in Java

Java ternary operator is the only conditional operator that takes three operands. It’s a one-liner replacement for the if-then-else statement and is used a lot in Java programming. We can use the ternary operator in place of if-else conditions or even switch conditions using nested ternary operators. Although it follows the same algorithm as of if-else statement, the conditional operator takes less space and helps to write the if-else statements in the shortest way possible.

Ternary Operator in Java

Syntax:  

If operates similarly to that of the if-else statement as in Exression2 is executed if Expression1 is true else Expression3 is executed.  

Example:   

Flowchart of Ternary Operation  

Flowchart for Ternary Operator

Examples of Ternary Operators in Java

Example 1:  .

Below is the implementation of the Ternary Operator:

Complexity of the above method:

Time Complexity: O(1) Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Example 2:  

Below is the implementation of the above method:

Implementing ternary operator on Boolean values:

Explanation of the above method:

In this program, a Boolean variable condition is declared and assigned the value true. Then, the ternary operator is used to determine the value of the result string. If the condition is true, the value of result will be “True”, otherwise it will be “False”. Finally, the value of result is printed to the console.

Advantages of Java Ternary Operator

  • Compactness : The ternary operator allows you to write simple if-else statements in a much more concise way, making the code easier to read and maintain.
  • Improved readability : When used correctly, the ternary operator can make the code more readable by making it easier to understand the intent behind the code.
  • Increased performance: Since the ternary operator evaluates a single expression instead of executing an entire block of code, it can be faster than an equivalent if-else statement.
  • Simplification of nested if-else statements: The ternary operator can simplify complex logic by providing a clean and concise way to perform conditional assignments.
  • Easy to debug : If a problem occurs with the code, the ternary operator can make it easier to identify the cause of the problem because it reduces the amount of code that needs to be examined.

It’s worth noting that the ternary operator is not a replacement for all if-else statements. For complex conditions or logic, it’s usually better to use an if-else statement to avoid making the code more difficult to understand.

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COMMENTS

  1. java

    7 Answers Sorted by: 15 You can use java ternary operator, result = testCondition ? value1 : value2 this statement can be read as, If testCondition is true, assign the value of value1 to result; otherwise, assign the value of value2 to result.

  2. Conditional Operator in Java

    Conditional AND. The operator is applied between two Boolean expressions. It is denoted by the two AND operators (&&). It returns true if and only if both expressions are true, else returns false. Expression1. Expression2. Expression1 && Expression2. True.

  3. Equality, Relational, and Conditional Operators (The Java™ Tutorials

    The Conditional Operators The && and || operators perform Conditional-AND and Conditional-OR operations on two boolean expressions. These operators exhibit "short-circuiting" behavior, which means that the second operand is evaluated only if needed. && Conditional-AND || Conditional-OR The following program, ConditionalDemo1, tests these operators:

  4. Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators (The Java™ Tutorials

    The Java programming language provides operators that perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. There's a good chance you'll recognize them by their counterparts in basic mathematics. The only symbol that might look new to you is "%", which divides one operand by another and returns the remainder as its result.

  5. How To Write Conditional Statements in Java

    Conditional statements are also called branching statements because when a condition is matched, the flow goes one way into one branch of the code. If a condition is not met, another condition is evaluated (if there is one). This evaluation continues until either all conditions are evaluated to true or false.

  6. Java

    Learn Java. Learn to code in Java — a robust programming language used to create software, web and mobile apps, and more. Conditionals take an expression, which is code that evaluates to determine a value, and checks if it is true or false. If it's true, we can tell our program to do one thing — we can even account for false to do another.

  7. The if-then and if-then-else Statements (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning

    The if-then Statement. The if-then statement is the most basic of all the control flow statements. It tells your program to execute a certain section of code only if a particular test evaluates to true.For example, the Bicycle class could allow the brakes to decrease the bicycle's speed only if the bicycle is already in motion. One possible implementation of the applyBrakes method could be as ...

  8. Ternary conditional operator

    Conditional assignment. is used as follows: condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated true or false as a Boolean expression. ... Just like C# and Java, the expression will only be evaluated if, and only if, the expression is the matching one for the condition given; the other expression will not be evaluated. ...

  9. How to Use Conditional Operator in Java

    There are three types of conditional operators in Java. These include: Conditional AND Conditional OR Ternary Operator Refer to the following piece of example Java code: int x; if (y > 0) { x = 1; } else { x = 0; } The same code can be written using a conditional operator as follows: int x = (y > 0) ? 1 : 0; Read: Best Online Courses to Learn Java

  10. Java If ... Else

    Java has the following conditional statements: Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false

  11. Java Conditional Operator

    Java Conditional Operator The Java Conditional Operator selects one of two expressions for evaluation, which is based on the value of the first operands. It is also called ternary operator because it takes three arguments. The conditional operator is used to handling simple situations in a line. Syntax: expression1 ? expression2:expression3;

  12. Java conditional checks and assignment

    2 Answers Sorted by: 6 myVal = myFunction (); if (myVal == null) System.exit (0); No need for a temp variable. Share Follow answered Mar 13, 2013 at 21:04

  13. Conditional statements and conditional operation

    A conditional statement also marks the start of a new code block. In addition to the defining program structure and functionality, block statements also have an effect on the readability of a program. Code living inside a block is indented. For example, any source code inside the block of a conditional statement is indented four spaces deeper ...

  14. Conditional assignment, in Java

    Conditional assignment, in Java Programming-Idioms This language bar is your friend. Select your favorite languages! Java Idiom #252 Conditional assignment Assign to the variable x the string value "a" if calling the function condition returns true, or the value "b" otherwise. Java Ada Ada Ada C Clojure C++ C# D Dart Elixir Erlang Fortran Go

  15. What is the conditional operator ?: in Java?

    The conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide; which value should be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as: variable x = (expression)? value if true: value if false Example

  16. How to use Java's conditional operator

    What is the conditional Java ternary operator? The Java ternary operator provides an abbreviated syntax to evaluate a true or false condition, and return a value based on the Boolean result. The Java ternary operator can be used in place of if..else statements to create highly condensed and arguably unintelligible code.

  17. variable assignment

    4 Answers Sorted by: 12 You could use Guava and its Objects.firstNonNull method (Removed from Guava 21.0): String line = Objects.firstNonNull (reader.readLine (), ""); Or for this specific case, Strings.nullToEmpty: String line = Strings.nullToEmpty (reader.readLine ());

  18. Java Ternary Operator with Examples

    Java ternary operator is the only conditional operator that takes three operands. It's a one-liner replacement for the if-then-else statement and is used a lot in Java programming. We can use the ternary operator in place of if-else conditions or even switch conditions using nested ternary operators.

  19. Java Exercises: Conditional Statement exercises

    1. Write a Java program to get a number from the user and print whether it is positive or negative. Test Data Input number: 35 Expected Output : Number is positive Click me to see the solution 2. Write a Java program to solve quadratic equations (use if, else if and else). Test Data Input a: 1 Input b: 5 Input c: 1 Expected Output :

  20. Shortcut "or-assignment" (|=) operator in Java

    219. The |= is a compound assignment operator ( JLS 15.26.2) for the boolean logical operator | ( JLS 15.22.2 ); not to be confused with the conditional-or || ( JLS 15.24 ). There are also &= and ^= corresponding to the compound assignment version of the boolean logical & and ^ respectively. In other words, for boolean b1, b2, these two are ...

  21. Concise Java Code: assignment, null check and conditional execution

    1 The following Java code appears to be fairly lengthy and somewhat repetitive. Can it be made more concise? A myObjA = getObject (id, A.class); if (myObjA != null) { handleA (myObjA); } B myObjB = getObject (id, B.class); if (myObjB != null) { handleB (myObjB); } C myObjC = getObject (id, C.class); if (myObjC != null) { handleC (myObjC); }