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130 Information Technology Research Topics And Quick Writing Prompts

The field of information technology is one of the most recent developments of the 21st century. Scholars argue that we are living in a technological age. Despite this buzz, however, many students still find it challenging to compose an information technology research topic.

Nonetheless, we are here to show you the way and lead you accordingly. Let us explore professional topics in information technology together then.

Quality Information Technology Topics For Research Paper

The effects of Artificial Intelligence on complex and tedious tasks
Discuss the development of computational & synthetic biology in research
What are the limitations to the study of computer architecture in colleges?
Discuss the evolution of animation, computer graphics, and game science
Critically analyze how computing is contributing to the development
What are the emerging fields of study in computer data science?
How to manage data in the age of the 5G technology
The impact of human-computer interaction on innovations
How is machine learning exposing students to more recent opportunities in life?
Evaluate molecular information systems and their role in biotechnology
How information technology has contributed to natural language processing
What are the latest developments in programming languages and software engineering
Analyze emerging opportunities in the field of Robotics

College Research Paper Topics in Information Technology

The rising security and privacy concerns with technological advancements
What are the considerations when setting up systems and networking?
Discuss the theory of computation and its contribution to information technology
Why is ubiquitous computing attracting fewer students?
The role of wireless and sensor systems in making the world a safe place
Reasons, why cloud computing has helped save on space and efficiency
Why are most computer students comprised of the male?
Discuss the essence of amorphous computing in the 21st century
How has biomedical mining impacted the health sector?
Can cyborgs relate well with the man?
How neural networking is making brain surgery a swift process
The role of swarm intelligence in collaboration and brainstorming
How are companies maximizing the use of Big Data?

List of Topics For Research Paper in Information Technology

Discuss how the Internet of Things is transforming how people conduct their activities
Challenges to software-defined networking
How are marketers and promoters taking up software as a service?
The role of augmented reality and virtual reality in healthcare systems
How intelligent apps are making life easier for man
The role of information technology in detecting fake news and malicious viral content
Long term effects of a technologically oriented world
Technological advancements that made it possible for the SpaceX shuttle to land on the International Space Station
How technology is making learning more practical and student-centered
What role has technology played in the spread of world pandemics?
How are governments able to shut down the Internet for their countries during particular events?
Does social media make the world a global village or a divided universe?
Discuss the implications of technological globalization

Unique Information Technology Research Topics

Discuss the areas of life which have been least exploited using technology
What are the considerations for setting up an educational curriculum on computer technology?
Compare and contrast between different computer processing powers
Why is Random Access Memory so crucial to the functioning of a computer?
Should computer as a subject be mandatory for all students in college?
How information technology has helped keep the world together during the quarantine period
Discuss why most hackers manage to break firewalls of banks
Are automated teller machine cards a safe way of keeping your bank details?
Why should every institution incorporate automated systems in its functions?
Who is more intelligent than the other? Man or Computer systems?
How is NASA implementing the use of Information technology to explore space?
The impact of automated message replies on smartphones.
Do mobile phones contain radiations that cause cancer?

IT Research Topics For High School Students

How does natural language processing compare with machine learning?
What is the role of virtual reality in the entertainment industry?
Discuss the application of computer vision technology in autonomous cars
How have CCTVs assisted in keeping the world safe?
Effects of phishing and spying on relationships
Why cyber espionage is on the rise in the face of the 5G technology
Compare and contrast between content-based recommendation vs. collaborative filtering
Evaluate the interconnection between the Internet of things and artificial intelligence
Analyze the amount of data generated from the Internet of things in devices
Ethical and legal implications of various technological practices
How technology has contributed to the formation of Genetically Modified Organisms
Describe in detail the vaccine development process
Why nanotechnology may be the only hope left in treating HIV

Hot Topics in IT

How companies can incorporate information technologies in their policy management systems
The role of IT in enhancing service delivery in customer care centers
How IT has made advertising more appealing and authentic to the consumer
Discuss the innovation of the Next Generation education systems
Why are there fewer Information Technology colleges and universities in developing countries?
Discuss WIFI connectivity in developed countries
What are the considerations when purchasing a Bandwidth Monitor?
How to create an effective Clinic Management System for intensive care
Factors that necessitate the development of an Enterprise Level System Information Management
Is it possible to develop fully functional Intelligent Car Transportation Systems?
Why the world should adopt E-Waste Management systems ASAP
Discuss the impact of weather and climate on internet strength and connectivity
The role of advanced information technologies preserving classified documents

Interesting Information Technology Topics

Human resource information management systems in large organizations
Evaluate the effectiveness of online enterprise resource planning
A critical analysis of object tracking using radial function networks
How has Bluetooth mobile phone technology developed over time?
Ethical challenges arising from new media information technologies
How the computer has developed over the last decade
The role of social media in enhancing communication strategies
Why new media technologies have made physical newspapers obsolete
The impact of the Internet of news sourcing, production, distribution, and sharing
Discuss the structures of various communication structures
How social media is making ads easily accessible
The impact of social networking sites on personal contact
Discuss the latest content marketing ideas in the wake of information technology

Topics Related To Information Technology

The impact of media exposure to adolescents and teenagers
How mass media is slowly but surely taking over the place of personal socialization
How to use the Internet and interactive media as advertising tools
Discuss the trends in music marketing in a digital world
The use of hype in new media technologies
The impact of using YouTube and video blogs in communication messages
Discuss the challenges that are arising as a result of new media technologies
How to build trustful relationships in virtual communication channels
Why it is impossible to maintain privacy in social media
Reasons why cyberbullying continues to persist in various communication technologies
The change in interpersonal communication with the invention of information technology
Is the future of information technologies right?
Discuss how sensationalism is persisting in the wake of new media technologies

Research Proposal Topics in Information Technology

Is it possible to live in a world without social media?
The impact of mass media on morality and decency in the 21st century
Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources
How effective is hydrogen power over others?
An overview of renewable energy technologies
The impact of robots in improving food safety
How are drones useful in keeping large acres of land secure?
The impact of 3D printing on the practice of medicine
The effectiveness of having robots in infectious disease units
The impact of hydroponic farming
How to improve disease control using technology
Eliminating poisonous substances in food using technology
The effectiveness of robotic surgeries

Hot Topics in Computer Science

Distinguish between virtual reality and human perception
How are the inventions in the field of computer science transforming the world
Evaluate the effectiveness of high-dimensional data modeling
Limitations to the field of computer science
Are colleges and universities producing competent computer scientists?
How ethical hacking has turned out to be worse
The essence of having specialized banking systems
What is the most effective security measure: A serial code or fingerprint?
The development of programming languages
The effect of computational thinking on science
Is it possible to eliminate stalking?
Ways of improving patent rights for technological innovations
An overview of the different types of software security

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Understanding Information Technology Research

Table of Contents

In the world of technology, research is a compass that helps us navigate its convoluted evolutions. For instance, Information Technology (IT) research has been conducted in computer science, software engineering, data analytics, and cybersecurity.

IT research involves systematic inquiry to advance knowledge, problem-solving, and innovation. This includes conducting rigorous experiments and analyzing results to unveil new theories or approaches that improve technologies or bring breakthroughs.

Therefore, interdisciplinarity is at the core of IT research, with collaboration cutting across various disciplines. Whether using AI to reinforce cyber security or big data analytics in healthcare, collaboration leads to solutions to complex problems.

This is because IT research is changing rapidly due to technological advances. Thus, researchers need to be up-to-date to make meaningful contributions.

Ethics are involved so that technology can be responsibly deployed. The researchers grapple with privacy, security, bias, and equity issues to ensure technology benefits society.

As a result of this publication and conferences, which enable dissemination of findings, leading to further innovations, collaboration has supported progress, hence speeding it up.

Understanding IT research is vital for leveraging technology to address societal challenges and foster positive change.

Recommended Readings: “ Top 109+ Media Bias Research Topics | Full Guide! “.

Picking the Right Topic to Research: The Key to Finding New Things

In the always-changing world of information technology, choosing the proper topic to research is like starting a smart path. It’s a big decision that sets where your hard work will go and how much your findings could mean.

Fitting with Industry Moves and Issues

Finding a research topic that fits current industry moves and big issues is important. By staying informed on the latest happenings and problems in the technology field, you can ensure your research stays useful and helps solve real-world troubles.

Growing Fresh Ideas and Practical Uses

Choosing a research topic that generates fresh ideas and practical applications is crucial. Your findings should not just add to school talks but also lead to real solutions that can be used in real situations, pushing technology forward and making work smoother.

Sparking Mind Curiosity and Excitement

Selecting a research topic that sparks your curiosity and excitement is essential. When you dive into an area that truly fascinates you, the research journey becomes more engaging, and your drive to uncover big insights is stronger.

Finding Gaps and Unexplored Areas

Finding gaps in existing knowledge or unexplored areas in the technology landscape can lead to big discoveries. Entering uncharted spaces can uncover fresh insights and meaningfully advance the field.

Considering Potential Wide Effect and Growth

Considering your research topic’s potential wide effect and growth is crucial. Will your findings have far-reaching effects across industries? Can your solutions grow and shift to address changing challenges? Evaluating these things can help you prioritize research areas with the greatest potential for big impact.

By carefully choosing the right research topic, you can open the door to discoveries, push technology forward, and contribute to the constant evolution of the technology information landscape.

Emerging Trends in Information Technology Research

In the rapidly changing world of Computer Studies, keeping up with the latest trends is indispensable. Technology keeps changing, and so does research in computer studies. From awesome things like clever robots to how we can safeguard our online information, computer studies research is always discovering new ways to improve our lives. Therefore, let us delve into some of the most exciting new trends shaping computer studies’ future.

Smart Computers:

Right now, smart computers are a hot item. They can learn from experience, recognize patterns, and even understand language like humans do. This helps in many areas, such as healthcare or finance. So researchers are working on making smart computers smarter yet so that they can make decisions alone and be fair to everyone.

Fast Computing:

As more devices connect to the Internet, we need ways to process information quickly. Fast computing helps bring processing power closer to where the information comes from, making things quicker and more efficient. Thus, researchers have been figuring out how to improve fast computing, especially for analyzing real-time data.

Keeping Things Safe:

With all the cool tech around, keeping our information safe from bad guys is important. We must develop methods to safeguard our data and networks from cyber attackers. In addition, they have also been considering how to ensure the privacy of our personal information so that only authorized individuals can access it.

Fancy Computers:

The next big thing in computing is quantum computers. They can do calculations at a high speed that ordinary ones cannot. Researchers are working hard to achieve quantum computing because it could be useful in cracking codes and creating new drugs.

New Ways of Doing Things Together:

Blockchain is an exciting technology that allows us to collaborate without a central authority. Its use in cryptocurrencies is quite popular but it has other applications too. Blockchain can be applied for purposes such as helping us discover where products come from, proving who we are on the internet, and making contracts that cannot be changed later on.

Virtual Reality Adventures:

Entering a completely different world is what Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) do. The feeling of being in reality is what these two technologies create, which is not real. These researchers are working hard on making VRs and ARs better so that they can be used for learning, training, and amusement in more innovative ways.

In summary, computer studies research keeps changing with new trends such as smart computers, rapid computing, cybersecurity issues, high-end computers, collaboration platforms and immersive games or virtual reality escapades.

By exploring these trends and developing new ideas, researchers ensure that technology keeps improving and making our lives easier and more exciting.

How can I brainstorm research topics in information technology?

Start by identifying your areas of interest and exploring recent advancements in the field. Consider consulting with mentors or peers for suggestions and feedback.

What are some ethical considerations in AI research?

Ethical considerations in AI research include fairness, transparency, accountability, and privacy. Researchers should ensure their algorithms and models do not perpetuate bias or harm individuals.

How can I stay updated on emerging trends in IT research?

Follow reputable journals, conferences, and online forums dedicated to information technology. Engage with the academic community through discussions and networking events.

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Computer Technology Research Paper Topics

This list of computer technology research paper topics provides the list of 33 potential topics for research papers and an overview article on the history of computer technology.

1. Analog Computers

Paralleling the split between analog and digital computers, in the 1950s the term analog computer was a posteriori projected onto pre-existing classes of mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical computing artifacts, subsuming them under the same category. The concept of analog, like the technical demarcation between analog and digital computer, was absent from the vocabulary of those classifying artifacts for the 1914 Edinburgh Exhibition, the first world’s fair emphasizing computing technology, and this leaves us with an invaluable index of the impressive number of classes of computing artifacts amassed during the few centuries of capitalist modernity. True, from the debate between ‘‘smooth’’ and ‘‘lumpy’’ artificial lines of computing (1910s) to the differentiation between ‘‘continuous’’ and ‘‘cyclic’’ computers (1940s), the subsequent analog–digital split became possible by the multitudinous accumulation of attempts to decontextualize the computer from its socio-historical use alternately to define the ideal computer technically. The fact is, however, that influential classifications of computing technology from the previous decades never provided an encompassing demarcation compared to the analog– digital distinction used since the 1950s. Historians of the digital computer find that the experience of working with software was much closer to art than science, a process that was resistant to mass production; historians of the analog computer find this to have been typical of working with the analog computer throughout all its aspects. The historiography of the progress of digital computing invites us to turn to the software crisis, which perhaps not accidentally, surfaced when the crisis caused by the analog ended. Noticeably, it was not until the process of computing with a digital electronic computer became sufficiently visual by the addition of a special interface—to substitute for the loss of visualization that was previously provided by the analog computer—that the analog computer finally disappeared.

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Get 10% off with 24start discount code, 2. artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of software engineering that builds computer systems and occasionally robots to perform tasks that require intelligence. The term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ was coined by John McCarthy in 1958, then a graduate student at Princeton, at a summer workshop held at Dartmouth in 1956. This two-month workshop marks the official birth of AI, which brought together young researchers who would nurture the field as it grew over the next several decades: Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, Arthur Samuel, Ray Solomonoff, Oliver Selfridge, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon. It would be difficult to argue that the technologies derived from AI research had a profound effect on our way of life by the beginning of the 21st century. However, AI technologies have been successfully applied in many industrial settings, medicine and health care, and video games. Programming techniques developed in AI research were incorporated into more widespread programming practices, such as high-level programming languages and time-sharing operating systems. While AI did not succeed in constructing a computer which displays the general mental capabilities of a typical human, such as the HAL computer in Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey, it has produced programs that perform some apparently intelligent tasks, often at a much greater level of skill and reliability than humans. More than this, AI has provided a powerful and defining image of what computer technology might someday be capable of achieving.

3. Computer and Video Games

Interactive computer and video games were first developed in laboratories as the late-night amusements of computer programmers or independent projects of television engineers. Their formats include computer software; networked, multiplayer games on time-shared systems or servers; arcade consoles; home consoles connected to television sets; and handheld game machines. The first experimental projects grew out of early work in computer graphics, artificial intelligence, television technology, hardware and software interface development, computer-aided education, and microelectronics. Important examples were Willy Higinbotham’s oscilloscope-based ‘‘Tennis for Two’’ at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (1958); ‘‘Spacewar!,’’ by Steve Russell, Alan Kotok, J. Martin Graetz and others at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1962); Ralph Baer’s television-based tennis game for Sanders Associates (1966); several networked games from the PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) Project at the University of Illinois during the early 1970s; and ‘‘Adventure,’’ by Will Crowther of Bolt, Beranek & Newman (1972), extended by Don Woods at Stanford University’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (1976). The main lines of development during the 1970s and early 1980s were home video consoles, coin-operated arcade games, and computer software.

4. Computer Displays

The display is an essential part of any general-purpose computer. Its function is to act as an output device to communicate data to humans using the highest bandwidth input system that humans possess—the eyes. Much of the development of computer displays has been about trying to get closer to the limits of human visual perception in terms of color and spatial resolution. Mainframe and minicomputers used ‘‘terminals’’ to display the output. These were fed data from the host computer and processed the data to create screen images using a graphics processor. The display was typically integrated with a keyboard system and some communication hardware as a terminal or video display unit (VDU) following the basic model used for teletypes. Personal computers (PCs) in the late 1970s and early 1980s changed this model by integrating the graphics controller into the computer chassis itself. Early PC displays typically displayed only monochrome text and communicated in character codes such as ASCII. Line-scanning frequencies were typically from 15 to 20 kilohertz—similar to television. CRT displays rapidly developed after the introduction of video graphics array (VGA) technology (640 by 480 pixels in16 colors) in the mid-1980s and scan frequencies rose to 60 kilohertz or more for mainstream displays; 100 kilohertz or more for high-end displays. These displays were capable of displaying formats up to 2048 by 1536 pixels with high color depths. Because the human eye is very quick to respond to visual stimulation, developments in display technology have tended to track the development of semiconductor technology that allows the rapid manipulation of the stored image.

5. Computer Memory for Personal Computers

During the second half of the twentieth century, the two primary methods used for the long-term storage of digital information were magnetic and optical recording. These methods were selected primarily on the basis of cost. Compared to core or transistorized random-access memory (RAM), storage costs for magnetic and optical media were several orders of magnitude cheaper per bit of information and were not volatile; that is, the information did not vanish when electrical power was turned off. However, access to information stored on magnetic and optical recorders was much slower compared to RAM memory. As a result, computer designers used a mix of both types of memory to accomplish computational tasks. Designers of magnetic and optical storage systems have sought meanwhile to increase the speed of access to stored information to increase the overall performance of computer systems, since most digital information is stored magnetically or optically for reasons of cost.

6. Computer Modeling

Computer simulation models have transformed the natural, engineering, and social sciences, becoming crucial tools for disciplines as diverse as ecology, epidemiology, economics, urban planning, aerospace engineering, meteorology, and military operations. Computer models help researchers study systems of extreme complexity, predict the behavior of natural phenomena, and examine the effects of human interventions in natural processes. Engineers use models to design everything from jets and nuclear-waste repositories to diapers and golf clubs. Models enable astrophysicists to simulate supernovas, biochemists to replicate protein folding, geologists to predict volcanic eruptions, and physiologists to identify populations at risk of lead poisoning. Clearly, computer models provide a powerful means of solving problems, both theoretical and applied.

7. Computer Networks

Computers and computer networks have changed the way we do almost everything—the way we teach, learn, do research, access or share information, communicate with each other, and even the way we entertain ourselves. A computer network, in simple terms, consists of two or more computing devices (often called nodes) interconnected by means of some medium capable of transmitting data that allows the computers to communicate with each other in order to provide a variety of services to users.

8. Computer Science

Computer science occupies a unique position among the scientific and technical disciplines. It revolves around a specific artifact—the electronic digital computer—that touches upon a broad and diverse set of fields in its design, operation, and application. As a result, computer science represents a synthesis and extension of many different areas of mathematics, science, engineering, and business.

9. Computer-Aided Control Technology

The story of computer-aided control technology is inextricably entwined with the modern history of automation. Automation in the first half of the twentieth century involved (often analog) processes for continuous automatic measurement and control of hardware by hydraulic, mechanical, or electromechanical means. These processes facilitated the development and refinement of battlefield fire-control systems, feedback amplifiers for use in telephony, electrical grid simulators, numerically controlled milling machines, and dozens of other innovations.

10. Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture

Computer-aided design and manufacture, known by the acronym CAD/CAM, is a process for manufacturing mechanical components, wherein computers are used to link the information needed in and produced by the design process to the information needed to control the machine tools that produce the parts. However, CAD/CAM actually constitutes two separate technologies that developed along similar, but unrelated, lines until they were combined in the 1970s.

11. Computer-User Interface

A computer interface is the point of contact between a person and an electronic computer. Today’s interfaces include a keyboard, mouse, and display screen. Computer user interfaces developed through three distinct stages, which can be identified as batch processing, interactive computing, and the graphical user interface (GUI). Today’s graphical interfaces support additional multimedia features, such as streaming audio and video. In GUI design, every new software feature introduces more icons into the process of computer– user interaction. Presently, the large vocabulary of icons used in GUI design is difficult for users to remember, which creates a complexity problem. As GUIs become more complex, interface designers are adding voice recognition and intelligent agent technologies to make computer user interfaces even easier to operate.

12. Early Computer Memory

Mechanisms to store information were present in early mechanical calculating machines, going back to Charles Babbage’s analytical engine proposed in the 1830s. It introduced the concept of the ‘‘store’’ and, if ever built, would have held 1000 numbers of up to 50 decimal digits. However, the move toward base-2 or binary computing in the 1930s brought about a new paradigm in technology—the digital computer, whose most elementary component was an on–off switch. Information on a digital system is represented using a combination of on and off signals, stored as binary digits (shortened to bits): zeros and ones. Text characters, symbols, or numerical values can all be coded as bits, so that information stored in digital memory is just zeros and ones, regardless of the storage medium. The history of computer memory is closely linked to the history of computers but a distinction should be made between primary (or main) and secondary memory. Computers only need operate on one segment of data at a time, and with memory being a scarce resource, the rest of the data set could be stored in less expensive and more abundant secondary memory.

13. Early Digital Computers

Digital computers were a marked departure from the electrical and mechanical calculating and computing machines in wide use from the early twentieth century. The innovation was of information being represented using only two states (on or off), which came to be known as ‘‘digital.’’ Binary (base 2) arithmetic and logic provided the tools for these machines to perform useful functions. George Boole’s binary system of algebra allowed any mathematical equation to be represented by simply true or false logic statements. By using only two states, engineering was also greatly simplified, and universality and accuracy increased. Further developments from the early purpose-built machines, to ones that were programmable accompanied by many key technological developments, resulted in the well-known success and proliferation of the digital computer.

14. Electronic Control Technology

The advancement of electrical engineering in the twentieth century made a fundamental change in control technology. New electronic devices including vacuum tubes (valves) and transistors were used to replace electromechanical elements in conventional controllers and to develop new types of controllers. In these practices, engineers discovered basic principles of control theory that could be further applied to design electronic control systems.

15. Encryption and Code Breaking

The word cryptography comes from the Greek words for ‘‘hidden’’ (kryptos) and ‘‘to write’’ (graphein)—literally, the science of ‘‘hidden writing.’’ In the twentieth century, cryptography became fundamental to information technology (IT) security generally. Before the invention of the digital computer at mid-century, national governments across the world relied on mechanical and electromechanical cryptanalytic devices to protect their own national secrets and communications, as well as to expose enemy secrets. Code breaking played an important role in both World Wars I and II, and the successful exploits of Polish and British cryptographers and signals intelligence experts in breaking the code of the German Enigma ciphering machine (which had a range of possible transformations between a message and its code of approximately 150 trillion (or 150 million million million) are well documented.

16. Error Checking and Correction

In telecommunications, whether transmission of data or voice signals is over copper, fiber-optic, or wireless links, information coded in the signal transmitted must be decoded by the receiver from a background of noise. Signal errors can be introduced, for example from physical defects in the transmission medium (semiconductor crystal defects, dust or scratches on magnetic memory, bubbles in optical fibers), from electromagnetic interference (natural or manmade) or cosmic rays, or from cross-talk (unwanted coupling) between channels. In digital signal transmission, data is transmitted as ‘‘bits’’ (ones or zeros, corresponding to on or off in electronic circuits). Random bit errors occur singly and in no relation to each other. Burst error is a large, sustained error or loss of data, perhaps caused by transmission problems in the connecting cables, or sudden noise. Analog to digital conversion can also introduce sampling errors.

17. Global Positioning System (GPS)

The NAVSTAR (NAVigation System Timing And Ranging) Global Positioning System (GPS) provides an unlimited number of military and civilian users worldwide with continuous, highly accurate data on their position in four dimensions— latitude, longitude, altitude, and time— through all weather conditions. It includes space, control, and user segments (Figure 6). A constellation of 24 satellites in 10,900 nautical miles, nearly circular orbits—six orbital planes, equally spaced 60 degrees apart, inclined approximately 55 degrees relative to the equator, and each with four equidistant satellites—transmits microwave signals in two different L-band frequencies. From any point on earth, between five and eight satellites are ‘‘visible’’ to the user. Synchronized, extremely precise atomic clocks—rubidium and cesium— aboard the satellites render the constellation semiautonomous by alleviating the need to continuously control the satellites from the ground. The control segment consists of a master facility at Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado, and a global network of automated stations. It passively tracks the entire constellation and, via an S-band uplink, periodically sends updated orbital and clock data to each satellite to ensure that navigation signals received by users remain accurate. Finally, GPS users—on land, at sea, in the air or space—rely on commercially produced receivers to convert satellite signals into position, time, and velocity estimates.

18. Gyrocompass and Inertial Guidance

Before the twentieth century, navigation at sea employed two complementary methods, astronomical and dead reckoning. The former involved direct measurements of celestial phenomena to ascertain position, while the latter required continuous monitoring of a ship’s course, speed, and distance run. New navigational technology was required not only for iron ships in which traditional compasses required correction, but for aircraft and submarines in which magnetic compasses cannot be used. Owing to their rapid motion, aircraft presented challenges for near instantaneous navigation data collection and reduction. Electronics furnished the exploitation of radio and the adaptation of a gyroscope to direction finding through the invention of the nonmagnetic gyrocompass.

Although the Cold War arms race after World War II led to the development of inertial navigation, German manufacture of the V-2 rocket under the direction of Wernher von Braun during the war involved a proto-inertial system, a two-gimballed gyro with an integrator to determine speed. Inertial guidance combines a gyrocompass with accelerometers installed along orthogonal axes, devices that record all accelerations of the vehicle in which inertial guidance has been installed. With this system, if the initial position of the vehicle is known, then the vehicle’s position at any moment is known because integrators record all directions and accelerations and calculate speeds and distance run. Inertial guidance devices can subtract accelerations due to gravity or other motions of the vehicle. Because inertial guidance does not depend on an outside reference, it is the ultimate dead reckoning system, ideal for the nuclear submarines for which they were invented and for ballistic missiles. Their self-contained nature makes them resistant to electronic countermeasures. Inertial systems were first installed in commercial aircraft during the 1960s. The expense of manufacturing inertial guidance mechanisms (and their necessary management by computer) has limited their application largely to military and some commercial purposes. Inertial systems accumulate errors, so their use at sea (except for submarines) has been as an adjunct to other navigational methods, unlike aircraft applications. Only the development of the global positioning system (GPS) at the end of the century promised to render all previous navigational technologies obsolete. Nevertheless, a range of technologies, some dating to the beginning of the century, remain in use in a variety of commercial and leisure applications.

19. Hybrid Computers

Following the emergence of the analog–digital demarcation in the late 1940s—and the ensuing battle between a speedy analog versus the accurate digital—the term ‘‘hybrid computer’’ surfaced in the early 1960s. The assumptions held by the adherents of the digital computer—regarding the dynamic mechanization of computational labor to accompany the equally dynamic increase in computational work—was becoming a universal ideology. From this perspective, the digital computer justly appeared to be technically superior. In introducing the digital computer to social realities, however, extensive interaction with the experienced analog computer adherents proved indispensable, especially given that the digital proponents’ expectation of progress by employing the available and inexpensive hardware was stymied by the lack of inexpensive software. From this perspective—as historiographically unwanted it may be by those who agree with the essentialist conception of the analog–digital demarcation—the history of the hybrid computer suggests that the computer as we now know it was brought about by linking the analog and the digital, not by separating them. Placing the ideal analog and the ideal digital at the two poles, all computing techniques that combined some features of both fell beneath ‘‘hybrid computation’’; the designators ‘‘balanced’’ or ‘‘true’’ were preserved for those built with appreciable amounts of both. True hybrids fell into the middle spectrum that included: pure analog computers, analog computers using digital-type numerical analysis techniques, analog computers programmed with the aid of digital computers, analog computers using digital control and logic, analog computers using digital subunits, analog computers using digital computers as peripheral equipment, balanced hybrid computer systems, digital computers using analog subroutines, digital computers with analog arithmetic elements, digital computers designed to permit analog-type programming, digital computers with analog-oriented compilers and interpreters, and pure digital computers.

20. Information Theory

Information theory, also known originally as the mathematical theory of communication, was first explicitly formulated during the mid-twentieth century. Almost immediately it became a foundation; first, for the more systematic design and utilization of numerous telecommunication and information technologies; and second, for resolving a paradox in thermodynamics. Finally, information theory has contributed to new interpretations of a wide range of biological and cultural phenomena, from organic physiology and genetics to cognitive behavior, human language, economics, and political decision making. Reflecting the symbiosis between theory and practice typical of twentieth century technology, technical issues in early telegraphy and telephony gave rise to a proto-information theory developed by Harry Nyquist at Bell Labs in 1924 and Ralph Hartley, also at Bell Labs, in 1928. This theory in turn contributed to advances in telecommunications, which stimulated the development of information theory per se by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, in their book The Mathematical Theory of Communication published in 1949. As articulated by Claude Shannon, a Bell Labs researcher, the technical concept of information is defined by the probability of a specific message or signal being picked out from a number of possibilities and transmitted from A to B. Information in this sense is mathematically quantifiable. The amount of information, I, conveyed by signal, S, is inversely related to its probability, P. That is, the more improbable a message, the more information it contains. To facilitate the mathematical analysis of messages, the measure is conveniently defined as I ¼ log2 1/P(S), and is named a binary digit or ‘‘bit’’ for short. Thus in the simplest case of a two-state signal (1 or 0, corresponding to on or off in electronic circuits), with equal probability for each state, the transmission of either state as the code for a message would convey one bit of information. The theory of information opened up by this conceptual analysis has become the basis for constructing and analyzing digital computational devices and a whole range of information technologies (i.e., technologies including telecommunications and data processing), from telephones to computer networks.

21. Internet

The Internet is a global computer network of networks whose origins are found in U.S. military efforts. In response to Sputnik and the emerging space race, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was formed in 1958 as an agency of the Pentagon. The researchers at ARPA were given a generous mandate to develop innovative technologies such as communications.

In 1962, psychologist J.C.R. Licklider from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory joined ARPA to take charge of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO). In 1963 Licklider wrote a memo proposing an interactive network allowing people to communicate via computer. This project did not materialize. In 1966, Bob Taylor, then head of the IPTO, noted that he needed three different computer terminals to connect to three different machines in different locations around the nation. Taylor also recognized that universities working with IPTO needed more computing resources. Instead of the government buying machines for each university, why not share machines? Taylor revitalized Licklider’s idea, securing $1 million in funding, and hired 29-yearold Larry Roberts to direct the creation of ARPAnet.

In 1974, Robert Kahn and Vincent Cerf proposed the first internet-working protocol, a way for datagrams (packets) to be communicated between disparate networks, and they called it an ‘‘internet.’’ Their efforts created transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). In 1982, TCP/IP replaced NCP on ARPAnet. Other networks adopted TCP/IP and it became the dominant standard for all networking by the late 1990s.

In 1981 the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) created Computer Science Network (CSNET) to provide universities that did not have access to ARPAnet with their own network. In 1986, the NSF sponsored the NSFNET ‘‘backbone’’ to connect five supercomputing centers. The backbone also connected ARPAnet and CSNET together, and the idea of a network of networks became firmly entrenched. The open technical architecture of the Internet allowed numerous innovations to be grafted easily onto the whole. When ARPAnet was dismantled in 1990, the Internet was thriving at universities and technology- oriented companies. The NSF backbone was dismantled in 1995 when the NSF realized that commercial entities could keep the Internet running and growing on their own, without government subsidy. Commercial network providers worked through the Commercial Internet Exchange to manage network traffic.

22. Mainframe Computers

The term ‘‘computer’’ currently refers to a general-purpose, digital, electronic, stored-program calculating machine. The term ‘‘mainframe’’ refers to a large, expensive, multiuser computer, able to handle a wide range of applications. The term was derived from the main frame or cabinet in which the central processing unit (CPU) and main memory of a computer were kept separate from those cabinets that held peripheral devices used for input and output.

Computers are generally classified as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, or microcomputers. This classification is based on factors such as processing capability, cost, and applications, with supercomputers the fastest and most expensive. All computers were called mainframes until the 1960s, including the first supercomputer, the naval ordnance research calculator (NORC), offered by International Business Machines (IBM) in 1954. In 1960, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) shipped the PDP-1, a computer that was much smaller and cheaper than a mainframe.

Mainframes once each filled a large room, cost millions of dollars, and needed a full maintenance staff, partly in order to repair the damage caused by the heat generated by their vacuum tubes. These machines were characterized by proprietary operating systems and connections through dumb terminals that had no local processing capabilities. As personal computers developed and began to approach mainframes in speed and processing power, however, mainframes have evolved to support a client/server relationship, and to interconnect with open standard-based systems. They have become particularly useful for systems that require reliability, security, and centralized control. Their ability to process large amounts of data quickly make them particularly valuable for storage area networks (SANs). Mainframes today contain multiple CPUs, providing additional speed through multiprocessing operations. They support many hundreds of simultaneously executing programs, as well as numerous input and output processors for multiplexing devices, such as video display terminals and disk drives. Many legacy systems, large applications that have been developed, tested, and used over time, are still running on mainframes.

23. Mineral Prospecting

Twentieth century mineral prospecting draws upon the accumulated knowledge of previous exploration and mining activities, advancing technology, expanding knowledge of geologic processes and deposit models, and mining and processing capabilities to determine where and how to look for minerals of interest. Geologic models have been developed for a wide variety of deposit types; the prospector compares geologic characteristics of potential exploration areas with those of deposit models to determine which areas have similar characteristics and are suitable prospecting locations. Mineral prospecting programs are often team efforts, integrating general and site-specific knowledge of geochemistry, geology, geophysics, and remote sensing to ‘‘discover’’ hidden mineral deposits and ‘‘measure’’ their economic potential with increasing accuracy and reduced environmental disturbance. Once a likely target zone has been identified, multiple exploration tools are used in a coordinated program to characterize the deposit and its economic potential.

24. Packet Switching

Historically the first communications networks were telegraphic—the electrical telegraph replacing the mechanical semaphore stations in the mid-nineteenth century. Telegraph networks were largely eclipsed by the advent of the voice (telephone) network, which first appeared in the late nineteenth century, and provided the immediacy of voice conversation. The Public Switched Telephone Network allows a subscriber to dial a connection to another subscriber, with the connection being a series of telephone lines connected together through switches at the telephone exchanges along the route. This technique is known as circuit switching, as a circuit is set up between the subscribers, and is held until the call is cleared.

One of the disadvantages of circuit switching is the fact that the capacity of the link is often significantly underused due to silences in the conversation, but the spare capacity cannot be shared with other traffic. Another disadvantage is the time it takes to establish the connection before the conversation can begin. One could liken this to sending a railway engine from London to Edinburgh to set the points before returning to pick up the carriages. What is required is a compromise between the immediacy of conversation on an established circuit-switched connection, with the ad hoc delivery of a store-and-forward message system. This is what packet switching is designed to provide.

25. Personal Computers

A personal computer, or PC, is designed for personal use. Its central processing unit (CPU) runs single-user systems and application software, processes input from the user, sending output to a variety of peripheral devices. Programs and data are stored in memory and attached storage devices. Personal computers are generally single-user desktop machines, but the term has been applied to any computer that ‘‘stands alone’’ for a single user, including portable computers.

The technology that enabled the construction of personal computers was the microprocessor, a programmable integrated circuit (or ‘‘chip’’) that acts as the CPU. Intel introduced the first microprocessor in 1971, the 4-bit 4004, which it called a ‘‘microprogrammable computer on a chip.’’ The 4004 was originally developed as a general-purpose chip for a programmable calculator, but Intel introduced it as part of Intel’s Microcomputer System 4-bit, or MCS-4, which also included read-only memory (ROM) and random-access memory (RAM) memory chips and a shift register chip. In August 1972, Intel followed with the 8-bit 8008, then the more powerful 8080 in June 1974. Following Intel’s lead, computers based on the 8080 were usually called microcomputers.

The success of the minicomputer during the 1960s prepared computer engineers and users for ‘‘single person, single CPU’’ computers. Digital Equipment Corporation’s (DEC) widely used PDP-10, for example, was smaller, cheaper, and more accessible than large mainframe computers. Timeshared computers operating under operating systems such as TOPS-10 on the PDP-10— co-developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and DEC in 1972—created the illusion of individual control of computing power by providing rapid access to personal programs and files. By the early 1970s, the accessibility of minicomputers, advances in microelectronics, and component miniaturization created expectations of affordable personal computers.

26. Printers

Printers generally can be categorized as either impact or nonimpact. Like typewriters, impact printers generate output by striking the page with a solid substance. Impact printers include daisy wheel and dot matrix printers. The daisy wheel printer, which was introduced in 1972 by Diablo Systems, operates by spinning the daisy wheel to the correct character whereupon a hammer strikes it, forcing the character through an inked ribbon and onto the paper. Dot matrix printers operate by using a series of small pins to strike a matrix or grid ribbon coated with ink. The strike of the pin forces the ink to transfer to the paper at the point of impact. Unlike daisy wheel printers, dot matrix printers can generate italic and other character types through producing different pin patterns. Nonimpact printers generate images by spraying or fusing ink to paper or other output media. This category includes inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers. Whether they are inkjet or laser, impact or nonimpact, all modern printers incorporate features of dot matrix technology in their design: they operate by generating dots onto paper or other physical media.

27. Processors for Computers

A processor is the part of the computer system that manipulates the data. The first computer processors of the late 1940s and early 1950s performed three main functions and had three main components. They worked in a cycle to gather, decode, and execute instructions. They were made up of the arithmetic and logic unit, the control unit, and some extra storage components or registers. Today, most processors contain these components and perform these same functions, but since the 1960s they have developed different forms, capabilities, and organization. As with computers in general, increasing speed and decreasing size has marked their development.

28. Radionavigation

Astronomical and dead-reckoning techniques furnished the methods of navigating ships until the twentieth century, when exploitation of radio waves, coupled with electronics, met the needs of aircraft with their fast speeds, but also transformed all navigational techniques. The application of radio to dead reckoning has allowed vessels to determine their positions in all-weather by direction finding (known as radio direction finding, or RDF) or by hyperbolic systems. Another use of radio, radar (radio direction and rangefinding), enables vessels to determine their distance to, or their bearing from, objects of known position. Radionavigation complements traditional navigational methods by employing three frames of reference. First, radio enables a vessel to navigate by lines of bearing to shore transmitters (the most common use of radio). This is directly analogous to the use of lighthouses for bearings. Second, shore stations may take radio bearings of craft and relay to them computed positions. Third, radio beacons provide aircraft or ships with signals that function as true compasses.

29. Software Application Programs

At the beginning of the computer age around the late 1940s, inventors of the intelligent machine were not thinking about applications software, or any software other than that needed to run the bare machine to do mathematical calculating. It was only when Maurice Wilkes’ young protégé David Williams crafted a tidy set of initial orders for the EDSAC, an early programmable digital computer, that users could string together standard subroutines to a program and have the execution jump between them. This was the beginning of software as we know it—something that runs on a machine other than an operating system to make it do anything desired. ‘‘Applications’’ are software other than system programs that run the actual hardware. Manufacturers always had this software, and as the 1950s progressed they would ‘‘bundle’’ applications with hardware to make expensive computers more attractive. Some programming departments were even placed in the marketing departments.

30. Software Engineering

Software engineering aims to develop the programs that allow digital computers to do useful work in a systematic, disciplined manner that produces high-quality software on time and on budget. As computers have spread throughout industrialized societies, software has become a multibillion dollar industry. Both the users and developers of software depend a great deal on the effectiveness of the development process.

Software is a concept that didn’t even pertain to the first electronic digital computers. They were ‘‘programmed’’ through switches and patch cables that physically altered the electrical pathways of the machine. It was not until the Manchester Mark I, the first operational stored-program electronic digital computer, was developed in 1948 at the University of Manchester in England that configuring the machine to solve a specific problem became a matter of software rather than hardware. Subsequently, instructions were stored in memory along with data.

31. Supercomputers

Supercomputers are high-performance computing devices that are generally used for numerical calculation, for the study of physical systems either through numerical simulation or the processing of scientific data. Initially, they were large, expensive, mainframe computers, which were usually owned by government research labs. By the end of the twentieth century, they were more often networks of inexpensive small computers. The common element of all of these machines was their ability to perform high-speed floating-point arithmetic— binary arithmetic that approximates decimal numbers with a fixed number of bits—the basis of numerical computation.

With the advent of inexpensive supercomputers, these machines moved beyond the large government labs and into smaller research and engineering facilities. Some were used for the study of social science. A few were employed by business concerns, such as stock brokerages or graphic designers.

32. Systems Programs

The operating systems used in all computers today are a result of the development and organization of early systems programs designed to control and regulate the operations of computer hardware. The early computing machines such as the ENIAC of 1945 were ‘‘programmed’’ manually with connecting cables and setting switches for each new calculation. With the advent of the stored program computer of the late 1940s (the Manchester Mark I, EDVAC, EDSAC (electronic delay storage automatic calculator), the first system programs such as assemblers and compilers were developed and installed. These programs performed oft repeated and basic operations for computer use including converting programs into machine code, storing and retrieving files, managing computer resources and peripherals, and aiding in the compilation of new programs. With the advent of programming languages, and the dissemination of more computers in research centers, universities, and businesses during the late 1950s and 1960s, a large group of users began developing programs, improving usability, and organizing system programs into operating systems.

The 1970s and 1980s saw a turn away from some of the complications of system software, an interweaving of features from different operating systems, and the development of systems programs for the personal computer. In the early 1970s, two programmers from Bell Laboratories, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, developed a smaller, simpler operating system called UNIX. Unlike past system software, UNIX was portable and could be run on different computer systems. Due in part to low licensing fees and simplicity of design, UNIX increased in popularity throughout the 1970s. At the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, research during the 1970s led to the development of system software for the Apple Macintosh computer that included a GUI (graphical user interface). This type of system software filtered the user’s interaction with the computer through the use of graphics or icons representing computer processes. In 1985, a year after the release of the Apple Macintosh computer, a GUI was overlaid on Microsoft’s then dominant operating system, MS-DOS, to produce Microsoft Windows. The Microsoft Windows series of operating systems became and remains the dominant operating system on personal computers.

33. World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (Web) is a ‘‘finite but unbounded’’ collection of media-rich digital resources that are connected through high-speed digital networks. It relies upon an Internet protocol suite that supports cross-platform transmission and makes available a wide variety of media types (i.e., multimedia). The cross-platform delivery environment represents an important departure from more traditional network communications protocols such as e-mail, telnet, and file transfer protocols (FTP) because it is content-centric. It is also to be distinguished from earlier document acquisition systems such as Gopher, which was designed in 1991, originally as a mainframe program but quickly implemented over networks, and wide area information systems (WAIS), also released in 1991. WAIS accommodated a narrower range of media formats and failed to include hyperlinks within their navigation protocols. Following the success of Gopher on the Internet, the Web quickly extended and enriched the metaphor of integrated browsing and navigation. This made it possible to navigate and peruse a wide variety of media types effortlessly on the Web, which in turn led to the Web’s hegemony as an Internet protocol.

History of Computer Technology

The modern computer—the (electronic) digital computer in which the stored program concept is realized and hence self-modifying programs are possible—was only invented in the 1940s. Nevertheless, the history of computing (interpreted as the usage of modern computers) is only understandable against the background of the many forms of information processing as well as mechanical computing devices that solved mathematical problems in the first half of the twentieth century. The part these several predecessors played in the invention and early history of the computer may be interpreted from two different perspectives: on the one hand it can be argued that these machines prepared the way for the modern digital computer, on the other hand it can be argued that the computer, which was invented as a mathematical instrument, was reconstructed to be a data-processing machine, a control mechanism, and a communication tool.

The invention and early history of the digital computer has its roots in two different kinds of developments: first, information processing in business and government bureaucracies; and second, the use and the search for mathematical instruments and methods that could solve mathematical problems arising in the sciences and in engineering.

Origins in Mechanical Office Equipment

The development of information processing in business and government bureaucracies had its origins in the late nineteenth century, which was not just an era of industrialization and mass production but also a time of continuous growth in administrative work. The economic precondition for this development was the creation of a global economy, which caused growth in production of goods and trade. This brought with it an immense increase in correspondence, as well as monitoring and accounting activities—corporate bureaucracies began to collect and process data in increasing quantities. Almost at the same time, government organizations became more and more interested in collating data on population and demographic changes (e.g., expanding tax revenues, social security, and wide-ranging planning and monitoring functions) and analyzing this data statistically.

Bureaucracies in the U.S. and in Europe reacted in a different way to these changes. While in Europe for the most part neither office machines nor telephones entered offices until 1900, in the U.S. in the last quarter of the nineteenth century the information-handling techniques in bureaucracies were radically changed because of the introduction of mechanical devices for writing, copying, and counting data. The rise of big business in the U.S. had caused a growing demand for management control tools, which was fulfilled by a new ideology of systematic management together with the products of the rising office machines industry. Because of a later start in industrialization, the government and businesses in the U.S. were not forced to reorganize their bureaucracies when they introduced office machines. This, together with an ideological preference for modern office equipment, was the cause of a market for office machines and of a far-reaching mechanization of office work in the U.S. In the 1880s typewriters and cash registers became very widespread, followed by adding machines and book-keeping machines in the 1890s. From 1880 onward, the makers of office machines in the U.S. underwent a period of enormous growth, and in 1920 the office machine industry annually generated about $200 million in revenue. In Europe, by comparison, mechanization of office work emerged about two decades later than in the U.S.—both Germany and Britain adopted the American system of office organization and extensive use of office machines for the most part no earlier than the 1920s.

During the same period the rise of a new office machine technology began. Punched card systems, initially invented by Herman Hollerith to analyze the U.S. census in 1890, were introduced. By 1911 Hollerith’s company had only about 100 customers, but after it had been merged in the same year with two other companies to become the Computing- Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), it began a tremendous ascent to become the world leader in the office machine industry. CTR’s general manager, Thomas J. Watson, understood the extraordinary potential of these punched-card accounting devices, which enabled their users to process enormous amounts of data largely automatically, in a rapid way and at an adequate level of cost and effort. Due to Watson’s insights and his extraordinary management abilities, the company (which had since been renamed to International Business Machines (IBM)) became the fourth largest office machine supplier in the world by 1928—topped only by Remington Rand, National Cash Register (NCR), and the Burroughs Adding Machine Company.

Origin of Calculating Devices and Analog Instruments

Compared with the fundamental changes in the world of corporate and government bureaucracies caused by office machinery during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, calculating machines and instruments seemed to have only a minor influence in the world of science and engineering. Scientists and engineers had always been confronted with mathematical problems and had over the centuries developed techniques such as mathematical tables. However, many new mathematical instruments emerged in the nineteenth century and increasingly began to change the world of science and engineering. Apart from the slide rule, which came into popular use in Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards (and became the symbol of the engineer for decades), calculating machines and instruments were only produced on a large scale in the middle of the nineteenth century.

In the 1850s the production of calculating machines as well as that of planimeters (used to measure the area of closed curves, a typical problem in land surveying) started on different scales. Worldwide, less than 2,000 calculating machines were produced before 1880, but more than 10,000 planimeters were produced by the early 1880s. Also, various types of specialized mathematical analog instruments were produced on a very small scale in the late nineteenth century; among them were integraphs for the graphical solution of special types of differential equations, harmonic analyzers for the determination of Fourier coefficients of a periodic function, and tide predictors that could calculate the time and height of the ebb and flood tides.

Nonetheless, in 1900 only geodesists and astronomers (as well as part of the engineering community) made extensive use of mathematical instruments. In addition, the establishment of applied mathematics as a new discipline took place at German universities on a small scale and the use of apparatus and machines as well as graphical and numerical methods began to flourish during this time. After World War I, the development of engineering sciences and of technical physics gave a tremendous boost to applied mathematics in Germany and Britain. In general, scientists and engineers became more aware of the capabilities of calculating machines and a change of the calculating culture—from the use of tables to the use of calculating machines—took place.

One particular problem that was increasingly encountered by mechanical and electrical engineers in the 1920s was the solution of several types of differential equations, which were not solvable by analytic solutions. As one important result of this development, a new type of analog instrument— the so called ‘‘differential analyzer’’—was invented in 1931 by the engineer Vannevar Bush at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In contrast to its predecessors—several types of integraphs—this machine (which was later called an analog computer) could be used not only to solve a special class of differential equation, but a more general class of differential equations associated with engineering problems. Before the digital computer was invented in the 1940s there was an intensive use of analog instruments (similar to Bush’s differential analyzer) and a number of machines were constructed in the U.S. and in Europe after the model of Bush’s machine before and during World War II. Analog instruments also became increasingly important in several fields such as the firing control of artillery on warships or the control of rockets. It is worth mentioning here that only for a limited class of scientific and engineering problems was it possible to construct an analog computer— weather forecasting and the problem of shock waves produced by an atomic bomb, for example, required the solution of partial differential equations, for which a digital computer was needed.

The Invention of the Computer

The invention of the electronic digital stored-program computer is directly connected with the development of numerical calculation tools for the solution of mathematical problems in the sciences and in engineering. The ideas that led to the invention of the computer were developed simultaneously by scientists and engineers in Germany, Britain, and the U.S. in the 1930s and 1940s. The first freely programmable program-controlled automatic calculator was developed by the civil engineering student Konrad Zuse in Germany. Zuse started development work on program-controlled computing machines in the 1930s, when he had to deal with extensive calculations in static, and in 1941 his Z3, which was based on electromechanical relay technology, became operational.

Several similar developments in the U.S. were in progress at the same time. In 1937 Howard Aiken, a physics student at Harvard University, approached IBM to build a program-controlled calculator— later called the ‘‘Harvard Mark I.’’ On the basis of a concept Aiken had developed because of his experiences with the numerical solution of partial differential equations, the machine was built and became operational in 1944. At almost the same time a series of important relay computers was built at the Bell Laboratories in New York following a suggestion by George R. Stibitz. All these developments in the U.S. were spurred by the outbreak of World War II. The first large-scale programmable electronic computer called the Colossus was built in complete secrecy in 1943 to 1944 at Bletchley Park in Britain in order to help break the German Enigma machine ciphers.

However, it was neither these relay calculators nor the Colossus that were decisive for the development of the universal computer, but the ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer), which was developed at the Moore School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. Extensive ballistic calculations were carried out there for the U.S. Army during World War II with the aid of the Bush ‘‘differential analyzer’’ and more than a hundred women (‘‘computors’’) working on mechanical desk calculators. Observing that capacity was barely sufficient to compute the artillery firing tables, the physicist John W. Mauchly and the electronic engineer John Presper Eckert started developing the ENIAC, a digital version of the differential analyzer, in 1943 with funding from the U.S. Army.

In 1944 the mathematician John von Neumann turned his attention to the ENIAC because of his mathematical work on the Manhattan Project (on the implosion of the hydrogen bomb). While the ENIAC was being built, Neumann and the ENIAC team drew up plans for a successor to the ENIAC in order to improve the shortcomings of the ENIAC concept, such as the very small memory and the time-consuming reprogramming (actually rewiring) required to change the setup for a new calculation. In these meetings the idea of a stored-program, universal machine evolved. Memory was to be used to store the program in addition to data. This would enable the machine to execute conditional branches and change the flow of the program. The concept of a computer in the modern sense of the word was born and in 1945 von Neumann wrote the important ‘‘First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC,’’ which described the stored-program, universal computer. The logical structure that was presented in this draft report is now referred to as the ‘‘von Neumann architecture.’’ This EDVAC report was originally intended for internal use but once made freely available it became the ‘‘bible’’ for computer pioneers throughout the world in the 1940s and 1950s. The first computer featuring the von Neumann architecture operated at Cambridge University in the U.K.; in June 1949 the EDSAC (electronic delay storage automatic computer) computer built by Maurice Wilkes—designed according to the EDVAC principles—became operational.

The Computer as a Scientific Instrument

As soon as the computer was invented, a growing demand for computers by scientists and engineers evolved, and numerous American and European universities started their own computer projects in the 1940s and 1950s. After the technical difficulties of building an electronic computer were solved, scientists grasped the opportunity to use the new scientific instrument for their research. For example, at the University of Gottingen in Germany, the early computers were used for the initial value problems of partial differential equations associated with hydrodynamic problems from atomic physics and aerodynamics. Another striking example was the application of von Neumann’s computer at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton to numerical weather forecasts in 1950. As a result, numerical weather forecasts could be made on a regular basis from the mid-1950s onwards.

Mathematical methods have always been of a certain importance for science and engineering sciences, but only the use of the electronic digital computer (as an enabling technology) made it possible to broaden the application of mathematical methods to such a degree that research in science, medicine, and engineering without computer- based mathematical methods has become virtually inconceivable at the end of the twentieth century. A number of additional computer-based techniques, such as scientific visualization, medical imaging, computerized tomography, pattern recognition, image processing, and statistical applications, have become of the utmost significance for science, medicine, engineering, and social sciences. In addition, the computer changed the way engineers construct technical artifacts fundamentally because of the use of computer-based methods such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacture (CAM), computer-aided engineering, control applications, and finite-element methods. However, the most striking example seems to be the development of scientific computing and computer modeling, which became accepted as a third mode of scientific research that complements experimentation and theoretical analysis. Scientific computing and computer modeling are based on supercomputers as the enabling technology, which became important tools for modern science routinely used to simulate physical and chemical phenomena. These high-speed computers became equated with the machines developed by Seymour Cray, who built the fastest computers in the world for many years. The supercomputers he launched such as the legendary CRAY I from 1976 were the basis for computer modeling of real world systems, and helped, for example, the defense industry in the U.S. to build weapons systems and the oil industry to create geological models that show potential oil deposits.

Growth of Digital Computers in Business and Information Processing

When the digital computer was invented as a mathematical instrument in the 1940s, it could not have been foreseen that this new artifact would ever be of a certain importance in the business world. About 50 firms entered the computer business worldwide in the late 1940s and the early 1950s, and the computer was reconstructed to be a type of electronic data-processing machine that took the place of punched-card technology as well as other office machine technology. It is interesting to consider that there were mainly three types of companies building computers in the 1950s and 1960s: newly created computer firms (such as the company founded by the ENIAC inventors Eckert and Mauchly), electronics and control equipments firms (such as RCA and General Electric), and office appliance companies (such as Burroughs and NCR). Despite the fact that the first digital computers were put on the market by a German and a British company, U.S. firms dominated the world market from the 1950s onward, as these firms had the biggest market as well as financial support from the government.

Generally speaking, the Cold War exerted an enormous influence on the development of computer technology. Until the early 1960s the U.S. military and the defense industry were the central drivers of the digital computer expansion, serving as the main market for computer technology and shaping and speeding up the formation of the rising computer industry. Because of the U.S. military’s role as the ‘‘tester’’ for prototype hard- and software, it had a direct and lasting influence on technological developments; in addition, it has to be noted that the spread of computer technology was partly hindered by military secrecy. Even after the emergence of a large civilian computer market in the 1960s, the U.S. military maintained its influence by investing a great deal in computer in hard- and software and in computer research projects.

From the middle of the 1950s onwards the world computer market was dominated by IBM, which accounted for more than 70 percent of the computer industry revenues until the mid-1970s. The reasons for IBM’s overwhelming success were diverse, but the company had a unique combination of technical and organizational capabilities at its disposal that prepared it perfectly for the mainframe computer market. In addition, IBM benefited from enormous government contracts, which helped to develop excellence in computer technology and design. However, the greatest advantage of IBM was by no doubt its marketing organization and its reputation as a service-oriented firm, which was used to working closely with customers to adapt machinery to address specific problems, and this key difference between IBM and its competitors persisted right into the computer age.

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the computer market—consisting of IBM and seven other companies called the ‘‘seven dwarves’’—was dominated by IBM, with its 650 and 1401 computers. By 1960 the market for computers was still small. Only about 7,000 computers had been delivered by the computer industry, and at this time even IBM was primarily a punched-card machine supplier, which was still the major source of its income. Only in 1960 did a boom in demand for computers start, and by 1970 the number of computers installed worldwide had increased to more than 100,000. The computer industry was on the track to become one of the world’s major industries, and was totally dominated by IBM.

The outstanding computer system of this period was IBM’s System/360. It was announced in 1964 as a compatible family of the same computer architecture, and employed interchangeable peripheral devices in order to solve IBM’s problems with a hotchpotch of incompatible product lines (which had evoked large problems in the development and maintenance of a great deal of different hardware and software products). Despite the fact that neither the technology used nor the systems programming were of a high-tech technology at the time, the System/360 established a new standard for mainframe computers for decades. Various computer firms in the U.S., Europe, Japan and even Russia, concentrated on copying components, peripherals for System/360 or tried to build System/360-compatible computers.

The growth of the computer market during the 1960s was accompanied by market shakeouts: two of the ‘‘seven dwarves’’ left the computer business after the first computer recession in the early 1970s, and afterwards the computer market was controlled by IBM and BUNCH (Burroughs, UNIVAC, NCR, Control Data, and Honeywell). At the same time, an internationalization of the computer market took place—U.S. companies controlled the world market for computers— which caused considerable fears over loss of national independence in European and Japanese national governments, and these subsequently stirred up national computing programs. While the European attempts to create national champions as well as the more general attempt to create a European-wide market for mainframe computers failed in the end, Japan’s attempt to found a national computer industry has been successful: Until today Japan is the only nation able to compete with the U.S. in a wide array of high-tech computer-related products.

Real-Time and Time-Sharing

Until the 1960s almost all computers in government and business were running batch-processing applications (i.e., the computers were only used in the same way as the punched-card accounting machines they had replaced). In the early 1950s, however, the computer industry introduced a new mode of computing named ‘‘real-time’’ in the business sector for the first time, which was originally developed for military purposes in MIT’s Whirlwind project. This project was initially started in World War II with the aim of designing an aircraft simulator by analog methods, and later became a part of a research and development program for the gigantic, computerized anti-aircraft defense system SAGE (semi-automatic ground environment) built up by IBM in the 1950s.

The demand for this new mode of computing was created by cultural and structural changes in economy. The increasing number of financial transactions in banks and insurance companies as well as increasing airline traveling activities made necessary new computer-based information systems that led finally to new forms of business evolution through information technology.

The case of the first computerized airline reservation system SABRE, developed for American Airlines by IBM in the 1950s and finally implemented in the early 1960s, serves to thoroughly illustrate these structural and structural changes in economy. Until the early 1950s, airline reservations had been made manually without any problems, but by 1953 this system was in crisis because increased air traffic and growing flight plan complexity had made reservation costs insupportable. SABRE became a complete success, demonstrating the potential of centralized real-time computing systems connected via a network. The system enabled flight agents throughout the U.S., who were equipped with desktop terminals, to gain a direct, real-time access to the central reservation system based on central IBM mainframe computers, while the airline was able to assign appropriate resources in response. Therefore, an effective combination of advantages was offered by SABRE—a better utilization of resources and a much higher customer convenience.

Very soon this new mode of computing spread around the business and government world and became commonplace throughout the service and distribution sectors of the economy; for example, bank tellers and insurance account representatives increasingly worked at terminals. On the one hand structural information problems led managers to go this way, and on the other hand the increasing use of computers as information handling machines in government and business had brought about the idea of computer-based accessible data retrieval. In the end, more and more IBM customers wanted to link dozens of operators directly to central computers by using terminal keyboards and display screens.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s—at the same time that IBM and American Airlines had begun the development of the SABRE airline reservation system—a group of brilliant computer scientists had a new idea for computer usage named ‘‘time sharing.’’ Instead of dedicating a multi-terminal system solely to a single application, they had the computer utility vision of organizing a mainframe computer so that several users could interact with it simultaneously. This vision was to change the nature of computing profoundly, because computing was no longer provided to naive users by programmers and systems analysts, and by the late 1960s time-sharing computers became widespread in the U.S.

Particularly important for this development had been the work of J.C.R. Licklider of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense. In 1960 Licklider had published a now-classic paper ‘‘Man–Computer Symbiosis’’ proposing the use of computers to augment human intellect and creating the vision of interactive computing. Licklider was very successful in translating his idea of a network allowing people on different computers to communicate into action, and convinced ARPA to start an enormous research program in 1962. Its budget surpassed that of all other sources of U.S. public research funding for computers combined. The ARPA research programs resulted in a series of fundamental moves forward in computer technology in areas such as computer graphics, artificial intelligence, and operating systems. For example, even the most influential current operating system, the general-purpose time-sharing system Unix, developed in the early 1970s at the Bell Laboratories, was a spin-off of an ambitious operating system project, Multics, funded by ARPA. The designers of Unix successfully attempted to keep away from complexity by using a clear, minimalist design approach to software design, and created a multitasking, multiuser operating system, which became the standard operating system in the 1980s.

Electronic Component Revolution

While the nature of business computing was changed by the new paradigms such as real time and time sharing, advances in solid-state components increasingly became a driving force for fundamental changes in the computer industry, and led to a dynamic interplay between new computer designs and new programming techniques that resulted in a remarkable series of technical developments. The technical progress of the mainframe computer had always run parallel to conversions in the electronics components. During the period from 1945 to 1965, two fundamental transformations in the electronics industry took place that were marked by the invention of the transistor in 1947 and the integrated circuit in 1957 to 1958. While the first generation of computers—lasting until about 1960—was characterized by vacuum tubes (valves) for switching elements, the second generation used the much smaller and more reliable transistors, which could be produced at a lower price. A new phase was inaugurated when an entire integrated circuit on a chip of silicon was produced in 1961, and when the first integrated circuits were produced for the military in 1962. A remarkable pace of progress in semiconductor innovations, known as the ‘‘revolution in miniature,’’ began to speed up the computer industry. The third generation of computers characterized by the use of integrated circuits began with the announcement of the IBM System/360 in 1964 (although this computer system did not use true integrated circuits). The most important effect of the introduction of integrated circuits was not to strengthen the leading mainframe computer systems, but to destroy Grosch’s Law, which stated that computing power increases as the square of its costs. In fact, the cost of computer power dramatically reduced during the next ten years.

This became clear with the introduction of the first computer to use integrated circuits on a full scale in 1965: the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) offered its PDP-8 computer for just $18,000, creating a new class of computers called minicomputers—small in size and low in cost—as well as opening up the market to new customers. Minicomputers were mainly used in areas other than general-purpose computing such as industrial applications and interactive graphics systems. The PDP-8 became the first widely successful minicomputer with over 50,000 items sold, demonstrating that there was a market for smaller computers. This success of DEC (by 1970 it had become the world’s third largest computer manufacturer) was supported by dramatic advances in solid-state technology. During the 1960s the number of transistors on a chip doubled every two years, and as a result minicomputers became continuously more powerful and more inexpensive at an inconceivable speed.

Personal Computing

The most striking aspect of the consequences of the exponential increase of the number of transistors on a chip during the 1960s—as stated by ‘‘Moore’s Law’’: the number of transistors on a chip doubled every two years—was not the lowering of the costs of mainframe computer and minicomputer processing and storage, but the introduction of the first consumer products based on chip technology such as hand-held calculators and digital watches in about 1970. More specifically, the market acts in these industries were changed overnight by the shift from mechanical to chip technology, which led to an enormous deterioration in prices as well as a dramatic industry shakeout. These episodes only marked the beginning of wide-ranging changes in economy and society during the last quarter of the twentieth century leading to a new situation where chips played an essential role in almost every part of business and modern life.

The case of the invention of the personal computer serves to illustrate that it was not sufficient to develop the microprocessor as the enabling technology in order to create a new invention, but how much new technologies can be socially constructed by cultural factors and commercial interests. When the microprocessor, a single-chip integrated circuit implementation of a CPU, was launched by the semiconductor company Intel in 1971, there was no hindrance to producing a reasonably priced microcomputer, but it took six years until the consumer product PC emerged. None of the traditional mainframe and minicomputer companies were involved in creating the early personal computer. Instead, a group of computer hobbyists as well as the ‘‘computer liberation’’ movement in the U.S. became the driving force behind the invention of the PC. These two groups were desperately keen on a low-priced type of minicomputer for use at home for leisure activities such as computer games; or rather they had the counterculture vision of an unreservedly available and personal access to an inexpensive computer utility provided with rich information. When in 1975 the Altair 8800, an Intel 8080 microprocessor-based computer, was offered as an electronic hobbyist kit for less than $400, these two groups began to realize their vision of a ‘‘personal computer.’’ Very soon dozens of computer clubs and computer magazines were founded around the U.S., and these computer enthusiasts created the personal computer by combining the Altair with keyboards, disk drives, and monitors as well as by developing standard software for it. Consequently, in only two years, a more or less useless hobbyist kit had been changed into a computer that could easily be transformed in a consumer product.

The computer hobbyist period ended in 1977, when the first standard machines for an emerging consumer product mass market were sold. These included products such as the Commodore Pet and the Apple II, which included its own monitor, disk drive, and keyboard, and was provided with several basic software packages. Over next three years, spreadsheet, word processing, and database software were developed, and an immense market for games software evolved. As a result, personal computers became more and more a consumer product for ordinary people, and Apple’s revenues shot to more than $500 million in 1982. By 1980, the personal computer had transformed into a business machine, and IBM decided to develop its own personal computer, which was introduced as the IBM PC in 1981. It became an overwhelming success and set a new industry standard.

Apple tried to compete by launching their new Macintosh computer in 1984 provided with a revolutionary graphical user interface (GUI), which set a new standard for a user-friendly human–computer interaction. It was based on technology created by computer scientists at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in California, who had picked up on ideas about human– computer interaction developed at the Stanford Research Institute and at the University of Utah. Despite the fact that the Macintosh’s GUI was far superior to the MS-DOS operating system of the IBM-compatible PCs, Apple failed to win the business market and remained a niche player with a market share of about 10 percent. The PC main branch was determined by the companies IBM had chosen as its original suppliers in 1981 for the design of the microprocessor (Intel) and the operating system (Microsoft). While IBM failed to seize power in the operating system software market for PCs in a software war with Microsoft, Microsoft achieved dominance not only of the key market for PC operating systems, but also the key market of office applications during the first half of the 1990s.

In the early 1990s computing again underwent further fundamental changes with the appearance of the Internet, and for the most computer users, networking became an integral part of what it means to have a computer. Furthermore, the rise of the Internet indicated the impending arrival of a new ‘‘information infrastructure’’ as well as of a ‘‘digital convergence,’’ as the coupling of computers and communications networks was often called.

In addition, the 1990s were a period of an information technology boom, which was mainly based on the Internet hype. For many years previously, it seemed to a great deal of managers and journalists that the Internet would become not just an indispensable business tool, but also a miracle cure for economic growth and prosperity. In addition, computer scientists and sociologists started a discussion predicting the beginning of a new ‘‘information age’’ based on the Internet as a ‘‘technological revolution’’ and reshaping the ‘‘material basis’’ of industrial societies.

The Internet was the outcome of an unusual collaboration of a military–industrial–academic complex that promoted the development of this extraordinary innovation. It grew out of a military network called the ARPAnet, a project established and funded by ARPA in the 1960s. The ARPAnet was initially devoted to support of data communications for defense research projects and was only used by a small number of researchers in the 1970s. Its further development was primarily promoted by unintentional forms of network usage. The users of the ARPAnet became very much attracted by the opportunity for communicating through electronic mail, which rapidly surpassed all other forms of network activities. Another unplanned spin-off of the ARPAnet was the Usenet (Unix User Network), which started in 1979 as a link between two universities and enabled its users to subscribe to newsgroups. Electronic mail became a driving force for the creation of a large number of new proprietary networks funded by the existing computer services industry or by organizations such as the NSF (NSFnet). Because networks users’ desire for email to be able to cross network boundaries, an ARPA project on ‘‘internetworking’’ became the origin for the ‘‘Internet’’—a network of networks linked by several layers of protocols such as TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol), which quickly developed into the actual standard.

Only after the government funding had solved many of the most essential technical issues and had shaped a number of the most characteristic features of the Internet, did private sector entrepreneurs start Internet-related ventures and quickly developed user-oriented enhancements. Nevertheless, the Internet did not make a promising start and it took more than ten years before significant numbers of networks were connected. In 1980, the Internet had less than two hundred hosts, and during the next four years the number of hosts went up only to 1000. Only when the Internet reached the educational and business community of PC users in the late 1980s, did it start to become an important economic and social phenomenon. The number of hosts began an explosive growth in the late 1980s—by 1988 there were over 50,000 hosts. An important and unforeseen side effect of this development became the creation of the Internet into a new electronic publishing medium. The electronic publishing development that excited most interest in the Internet was the World Wide Web, originally developed at the CERN High Energy Physics Laboratory in Geneva in 1989. Soon there were millions of documents on the Internet, and private PC users became excited by the joys of surfing the Internet. A number of firms such as AOL soon provided low-cost network access and a range of consumer-oriented information services. The Internet boom was also helped by the Clinton–Gore presidential election campaign on the ‘‘information superhighway’’ and by the amazing news reporting on the national information infrastructure in the early 1990s. Nevertheless, for many observers it was astounding how fast the number of hosts on the Internet increased during the next few years—from more than 1 million in 1992 to 72 million in 1999.

The overwhelming success of the PC and of the Internet tends to hide the fact that its arrival marked only a branching in computer history and not a sequence. (Take, for example, the case of mainframe computers, which still continue to run, being of great importance to government facilities and the private sector (such as banks and insurance companies), or the case of supercomputers, being of the utmost significance for modern science and engineering.) Furthermore, it should be noted that only a small part of the computer applications performed today is easily observable—98 percent of programmable CPUs are used in embedded systems such as automobiles, medical devices, washing machines and mobile telephones.

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Research Topics & Ideas: CompSci & IT

50+ Computer Science Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation, thesis or research project. If you’ve landed on this post, chances are you’re looking for a computer science-related research topic , but aren’t sure where to start. Here, we’ll explore a variety of CompSci & IT-related research ideas and topic thought-starters, including algorithms, AI, networking, database systems, UX, information security and software engineering.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas within the CompSci domain. This is the starting point, but to develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. In it, we cover the process of writing a dissertation or thesis from start to end. Be sure to also sign up for our free webinar that explores how to find a high-quality research topic.

Overview: CompSci Research Topics

Algorithms & data structures
Artificial intelligence ( AI )
Computer networking
Database systems
Human-computer interaction
Information security (IS)
Software engineering
Examples of CompSci dissertation & theses

Topics/Ideas: Algorithms & Data Structures

An analysis of neural network algorithms’ accuracy for processing consumer purchase patterns
A systematic review of the impact of graph algorithms on data analysis and discovery in social media network analysis
An evaluation of machine learning algorithms used for recommender systems in streaming services
A review of approximation algorithm approaches for solving NP-hard problems
An analysis of parallel algorithms for high-performance computing of genomic data
The influence of data structures on optimal algorithm design and performance in Fintech
A Survey of algorithms applied in internet of things (IoT) systems in supply-chain management
A comparison of streaming algorithm performance for the detection of elephant flows
A systematic review and evaluation of machine learning algorithms used in facial pattern recognition
Exploring the performance of a decision tree-based approach for optimizing stock purchase decisions
Assessing the importance of complete and representative training datasets in Agricultural machine learning based decision making.
A Comparison of Deep learning algorithms performance for structured and unstructured datasets with “rare cases”
A systematic review of noise reduction best practices for machine learning algorithms in geoinformatics.
Exploring the feasibility of applying information theory to feature extraction in retail datasets.
Assessing the use case of neural network algorithms for image analysis in biodiversity assessment

Topics & Ideas: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Applying deep learning algorithms for speech recognition in speech-impaired children
A review of the impact of artificial intelligence on decision-making processes in stock valuation
An evaluation of reinforcement learning algorithms used in the production of video games
An exploration of key developments in natural language processing and how they impacted the evolution of Chabots.
An analysis of the ethical and social implications of artificial intelligence-based automated marking
The influence of large-scale GIS datasets on artificial intelligence and machine learning developments
An examination of the use of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery
The impact of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on transparency and trust in supply chain management
An evaluation of the role of artificial intelligence in financial forecasting and risk management in cryptocurrency
A meta-analysis of deep learning algorithm performance in predicting and cyber attacks in schools

Topics & Ideas: Networking

An analysis of the impact of 5G technology on internet penetration in rural Tanzania
Assessing the role of software-defined networking (SDN) in modern cloud-based computing
A critical analysis of network security and privacy concerns associated with Industry 4.0 investment in healthcare.
Exploring the influence of cloud computing on security risks in fintech.
An examination of the use of network function virtualization (NFV) in telecom networks in Southern America
Assessing the impact of edge computing on network architecture and design in IoT-based manufacturing
An evaluation of the challenges and opportunities in 6G wireless network adoption
The role of network congestion control algorithms in improving network performance on streaming platforms
An analysis of network coding-based approaches for data security
Assessing the impact of network topology on network performance and reliability in IoT-based workspaces

Free Webinar: How To Find A Dissertation Research Topic

Topics & Ideas: Database Systems

An analysis of big data management systems and technologies used in B2B marketing
The impact of NoSQL databases on data management and analysis in smart cities
An evaluation of the security and privacy concerns of cloud-based databases in financial organisations
Exploring the role of data warehousing and business intelligence in global consultancies
An analysis of the use of graph databases for data modelling and analysis in recommendation systems
The influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on database design and management in the retail grocery industry
An examination of the challenges and opportunities of distributed databases in supply chain management
Assessing the impact of data compression algorithms on database performance and scalability in cloud computing
An evaluation of the use of in-memory databases for real-time data processing in patient monitoring
Comparing the effects of database tuning and optimization approaches in improving database performance and efficiency in omnichannel retailing

Topics & Ideas: Human-Computer Interaction

An analysis of the impact of mobile technology on human-computer interaction prevalence in adolescent men
An exploration of how artificial intelligence is changing human-computer interaction patterns in children
An evaluation of the usability and accessibility of web-based systems for CRM in the fast fashion retail sector
Assessing the influence of virtual and augmented reality on consumer purchasing patterns
An examination of the use of gesture-based interfaces in architecture
Exploring the impact of ease of use in wearable technology on geriatric user
Evaluating the ramifications of gamification in the Metaverse
A systematic review of user experience (UX) design advances associated with Augmented Reality
A comparison of natural language processing algorithms automation of customer response Comparing end-user perceptions of natural language processing algorithms for automated customer response
Analysing the impact of voice-based interfaces on purchase practices in the fast food industry

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Topics & Ideas: Information Security

A bibliometric review of current trends in cryptography for secure communication
An analysis of secure multi-party computation protocols and their applications in cloud-based computing
An investigation of the security of blockchain technology in patient health record tracking
A comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms for instant text messaging
A systematic review of secure data storage solutions used for cloud computing in the fintech industry
An analysis of intrusion detection and prevention systems used in the healthcare sector
Assessing security best practices for IoT devices in political offices
An investigation into the role social media played in shifting regulations related to privacy and the protection of personal data
A comparative study of digital signature schemes adoption in property transfers
An assessment of the security of secure wireless communication systems used in tertiary institutions

Topics & Ideas: Software Engineering

A study of agile software development methodologies and their impact on project success in pharmacology
Investigating the impacts of software refactoring techniques and tools in blockchain-based developments
A study of the impact of DevOps practices on software development and delivery in the healthcare sector
An analysis of software architecture patterns and their impact on the maintainability and scalability of cloud-based offerings
A study of the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on software engineering practices in the education sector
An investigation of software testing techniques and methodologies for subscription-based offerings
A review of software security practices and techniques for protecting against phishing attacks from social media
An analysis of the impact of cloud computing on the rate of software development and deployment in the manufacturing sector
Exploring the impact of software development outsourcing on project success in multinational contexts
An investigation into the effect of poor software documentation on app success in the retail sector

CompSci & IT Dissertations/Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a CompSci-related research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various CompSci-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

An array-based optimization framework for query processing and data analytics (Chen, 2021)
Dynamic Object Partitioning and replication for cooperative cache (Asad, 2021)
Embedding constructural documentation in unit tests (Nassif, 2019)
PLASA | Programming Language for Synchronous Agents (Kilaru, 2019)
Healthcare Data Authentication using Deep Neural Network (Sekar, 2020)
Virtual Reality System for Planetary Surface Visualization and Analysis (Quach, 2019)
Artificial neural networks to predict share prices on the Johannesburg stock exchange (Pyon, 2021)
Predicting household poverty with machine learning methods: the case of Malawi (Chinyama, 2022)
Investigating user experience and bias mitigation of the multi-modal retrieval of historical data (Singh, 2021)
Detection of HTTPS malware traffic without decryption (Nyathi, 2022)
Redefining privacy: case study of smart health applications (Al-Zyoud, 2019)
A state-based approach to context modeling and computing (Yue, 2019)
A Novel Cooperative Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Solomon, 2019)
HRSB-Tree for Spatio-Temporal Aggregates over Moving Regions (Paduri, 2019)

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. This is an important thing to keep in mind as you develop your own research topic. That is to say, to create a top-notch research topic, you must be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

Fast-Track Your Research Topic

If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your Computer Science dissertation or research project, check out our Topic Kickstarter service.

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Research topics and ideas about data science and big data analytics

Investigating the impacts of software refactoring techniques and tools in blockchain-based developments.

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CS 261: Research Topics in Operating Systems (2021)

Some links to papers are links to the ACM’s site. You may need to use the Harvard VPN to get access to the papers via those links. Alternate links will be provided.

Meeting 1 (1/26): Overview

Operating system architectures, meeting 2 (1/28): multics and unix.

“Multics—The first seven years” , Corbató FJ, Saltzer JH, and Clingen CT (1972)

“Protection in an information processing utility” , Graham RM (1968)

“The evolution of the Unix time-sharing system” , Ritchie DM (1984)

Additional resources

The Multicians web site for additional information on Multics, including extensive stories and Multics source code.

Technical: The Multics input/output system , Feiertag RJ and Organick EI, for a description of Multics I/O to contrast with Unix I/O.

Unix and Multics , Tom Van Vleck.

… I remarked to Dennis that easily half the code I was writing in Multics was error recovery code. He said, "We left all that stuff out. If there's an error, we have this routine called panic() , and when it is called, the machine crashes, and you holler down the hall, 'Hey, reboot it.'"

The Louisiana State Trooper Story

The IBM 7094 and CTSS

This describes the history of the system that preceded Multics, CTSS (the Compatible Time Sharing System). It also contains one of my favorite stories about the early computing days: “IBM had been very generous to MIT in the fifties and sixties, donating or discounting its biggest scientific computers. When a new top of the line 36-bit scientific machine came out, MIT expected to get one. In the early sixties, the deal was that MIT got one 8-hour shift, all the other New England colleges and universities got a shift, and the third shift was available to IBM for its own use. One use IBM made of its share was yacht handicapping: the President of IBM raced big yachts on Long Island Sound, and these boats were assigned handicap points by a complicated formula. There was a special job deck kept at the MIT Computation Center, and if a request came in to run it, operators were to stop whatever was running on the machine and do the yacht handicapping job immediately.”

Using Ring 5 , Randy Saunders.

"All Multics User functions work in Ring 5." I have that EMail (from Dave Bergum) framed on my wall to this date. … All the documentation clearly states that system software has ring brackets of [1,5,5] so that it runs equally in both rings 4 and 5. However, the PL/I compiler creates segments with ring brackets of [4,4,4] by default. … I found each and every place CNO had fixed a program without resetting the ring brackets correctly. It started out 5 a day, and in 3 months it was down to one a week.”

Bell Systems Technical Journal 57(6) Part 2: Unix Time-sharing System (July–August 1978)

This volume contains some of the first broadly-accessible descriptions of Unix. Individual articles are available on archive.org . As of late January 2021, you can buy a physical copy on Amazon for $2,996. Interesting articles include Thompson on Unix implementation, Ritchie’s retrospective, and several articles on actual applications, especially document preparation.

Meeting 3 (2/2): Microkernels

“The nucleus of a multiprogramming system” , Brinch Hansen P (1970).

“Toward real microkernels” , Liedtke J (1996).

“Are virtual machine monitors microkernels done right?” , Hand S, Warfield A, Fraser K, Kotsovinos E, Magenheimer DJ (2005).

Supplemental reading

“Improving IPC by kernel design” , Liedtke J (1993). Article introducing the first microbenchmark-performant microkernel.

“Are virtual machine monitors microkernels done right?” , Heiser G, Uhlig V, LeVasseur J (2006).

“From L3 to seL4: What have we learnt in 20 years of L4 microkernels?” , Elphinstone K, Heiser G (2013).

Retained: Minimality as key design principle. Replaced: Synchronous IPC augmented with (seL4, NOVA, Fiasco.OC) or replaced by (OKL4) asynchronous notification. Replaced: Physical by virtual message registers. Abandoned: Long IPC. Replaced: Thread IDs by port-like IPC endpoints as message destinations. Abandoned: IPC timeouts in seL4, OKL4. Abandoned: Clans and chiefs. Retained: User-level drivers as a core feature. Abandoned: Hierarchical process management. Multiple approaches: Some L4 kernels retain the model of recursive address-space construc- tion, while seL4 and OKL4 originate mappings from frames. Added: User-level control over kernel memory in seL4, kernel memory quota in Fiasco.OC. Unresolved: Principled, policy-free control of CPU time. Unresolved: Handling of multicore processors in the age of verification. Replaced: Process kernel by event kernel in seL4, OKL4 and NOVA. Abandoned: Virtual TCB addressing. … Abandoned: C++ for seL4 and OKL4.

Meeting 4 (2/4): Exokernels

“Exterminate all operating systems abstractions” , Engler DE, Kaashoek MF (1995).

“Exokernel: an operating system architecture for application-level resource management” , Engler DE, Kaashoek MF, O’Toole J (1995).

“The nonkernel: a kernel designed for the cloud” , Ben-Yehuda M, Peleg O, Ben-Yehuda OA, Smolyar I, Tsafrir D (2013).

“Application performance and flexibility on exokernel systems” , Kaashoek MF, Engler DR, Ganger GR, Briceño HM, Hunt R, Mazières D, Pinckney T, Grimm R, Jannotti J, Mackenzie K (1997).

Particularly worth reading is section 4, Multiplexing Stable Storage, which contains one of the most overcomplicated designs for stable storage imaginable. It’s instructive: if your principles end up here, might there be something wrong with your principles?

“Fast and flexible application-level networking on exokernel systems” , Ganger GR, Engler DE, Kaashoek MF, Briceño HM, Hunt R, Pinckney T (2002).

Particularly worth reading is section 8, Discussion: “The construction and revision of the Xok/ExOS networking support came with several lessons and controversial design decisions.”

Meeting 5 (2/9): Security

“EROS: A fast capability system” , Shapiro JS, Smith JM, Farber DJ (1999).

“Labels and event processes in the Asbestos operating system” , Vandebogart S, Efstathopoulos P, Kohler E, Krohn M, Frey C, Ziegler D, Kaashoek MF, Morris R, Mazières D (2007).

This paper covers too much ground. On the first read, skip sections 4–6.

Meeting 6 (2/11): I/O

“Arrakis: The operating system is the control plane” (PDF) , Peter S, Li J, Zhang I, Ports DRK, Woos D, Krishnamurthy A, Anderson T, Roscoe T (2014)

“The IX Operating System: Combining Low Latency, High Throughput, and Efficiency in a Protected Dataplane” , Belay A, Prekas G, Primorac M, Klimovic A, Grossman S, Kozyrakis C, Bugnion E (2016) — read Sections 1–4 first (return to the rest if you have time)

“I'm Not Dead Yet!: The Role of the Operating System in a Kernel-Bypass Era” , Zhang I, Liu J, Austin A, Roberts ML, Badam A (2019)

“The multikernel: A new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems” , Baumann A, Barham P, Dagand PE, Harris T, Isaacs R, Peter S, Roscoe T, Schüpach A, Singhana A (2009); this describes the Barrelfish system on which Arrakis is based

Meeting 7 (2/16): Speculative designs

From least to most speculative:

“Unified high-performance I/O: One Stack to Rule Them All” (PDF) , Trivedi A, Stuedi P, Metzler B, Pletka R, Fitch BG, Gross TR (2013)

“The Case for Less Predictable Operating System Behavior” (PDF) , Sun R, Porter DE, Oliveira D, Bishop M (2015)

“Quantum operating systems” , Corrigan-Gibbs H, Wu DJ, Boneh D (2017)

“Pursue robust indefinite scalability” , Ackley DH, Cannon DC (2013)

Meeting 8 (2/18): Log-structured file system

“The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System” , Rosenblum M, Ousterhout J (1992)

“Logging versus Clustering: A Performance Evaluation”

Read the abstract of the paper ; scan further if you’d like
Then poke around the linked critiques

Meeting 9 (2/23): Consistency

“Generalized file system dependencies” , Frost C, Mammarella M, Kohler E, de los Reyes A, Hovsepian S, Matsuoka A, Zhang L (2007)

“Application crash consistency and performance with CCFS” , Sankaranarayana Pillai T, Alagappan R, Lu L, Chidambaram V, Arpaci-Dusseau AC, Arpaci-Dusseau RH (2017)

Meeting 10 (2/25): Transactions and speculation

“Rethink the sync” , Nightingale EB, Veeraraghavzn K, Chen PM, Flinn J (2006)

“Operating system transactions” , Porter DE, Hofmann OS, Rossbach CJ, Benn E, Witchel E (2009)

Meeting 11 (3/2): Speculative designs

“Can We Store the Whole World's Data in DNA Storage?”

“A tale of two abstractions: The case for object space”

“File systems as processes”

“Preserving hidden data with an ever-changing disk”

More, if you’re hungry for it

“Breaking Apart the VFS for Managing File Systems”

Virtualization

Meeting 14 (3/11): virtual machines and containers.

“Xen and the Art of Virtualization” , Barham P, Dragovic B, Fraser K, Hand S, Harris T, Ho A, Neugebauer R, Pratt I, Warfield A (2003)

“Blending containers and virtual machines: A study of Firecracker and gVisor” , Anjali, Caraz-Harter T, Swift MM (2020)

Meeting 15 (3/18): Virtual memory and virtual devices

“Memory resource management in VMware ESX Server” , Waldspurger CA (2002)

“Opportunistic flooding to improve TCP transmit performance in virtualized clouds” , Gamage S, Kangarlou A, Kompella RR, Xu D (2011)

Meeting 16 (3/23): Speculative designs

“The Best of Both Worlds with On-Demand Virtualization” , Kooburat T, Swift M (2011)

“The NIC is the Hypervisor: Bare-Metal Guests in IaaS Clouds” , Mogul JC, Mudigonda J, Santos JR, Turner Y (2013)

“vPipe: One Pipe to Connect Them All!” , Gamage S, Kompella R, Xu D (2013)

“Scalable Cloud Security via Asynchronous Virtual Machine Introspection” , Rajasekaran S, Ni Z, Chawla HS, Shah N, Wood T (2016)

Distributed systems

Meeting 17 (3/25): distributed systems history.

“Grapevine: an exercise in distributed computing” , Birrell AD, Levin R, Schroeder MD, Needham RM (1982)

“Implementing remote procedure calls” , Birrell AD, Nelson BJ (1984)

Skim : “Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system” , Lamport L (1978)

Meeting 18 (3/30): Paxos

“Paxos made simple” , Lamport L (2001)

“Paxos made live: an engineering perspective” , Chanra T, Griesemer R, Redston J (2007)

“In search of an understandable consensus algorithm” , Ongaro D, Ousterhout J (2014)

Adrian Colyer’s consensus series links to ten papers, especially:
“Raft Refloated: Do we have consensus?” , Howard H, Schwarzkopf M, Madhavapeddy A, Crowcroft J (2015)
A later update from overlapping authors: “Paxos vs. Raft: Have we reached consensus on distributed consensus?” , Howard H, Mortier R (2020)
“Understanding Paxos” , notes by Paul Krzyzanowski (2018); includes some failure examples
One-slide Paxos pseudocode , Robert Morris (2014)

Meeting 19 (4/1): Review of replication results

Meeting 20 (4/6): project discussion, meeting 21 (4/8): industrial consistency.

“Scaling Memcache at Facebook” , Nishtala R, Fugal H, Grimm S, Kwiatkowski M, Lee H, Li HC, McElroy R, Paleczny M, Peek D, Saab P, Stafford D, Tung T, Venkataramani V (2013)

“Millions of Tiny Databases” , Brooker M, Chen T, Ping F (2020)

Meeting 22 (4/13): Short papers and speculative designs

“Scalability! But at what COST?” , McSherry F, Isard M, Murray DG (2015)

“What bugs cause production cloud incidents?” , Liu H, Lu S, Musuvathi M, Nath S (2019)

“Escape Capsule: Explicit State Is Robust and Scalable” , Rajagopalan S, Williams D, Jamjoom H, Warfield A (2013)

“Music-defined networking” , Hogan M, Esposito F (2018)

Too networking-centric for us, but fun: “Delay is Not an Option: Low Latency Routing in Space” , Handley M (2018)
A useful taxonomy: “When Should The Network Be The Computer?” , Ports DRK, Nelson J (2019)

Meeting 23 (4/20): The M Group

“All File Systems Are Not Created Equal: On the Complexity of Crafting Crash-Consistent Applications” , Pillai TS, Chidambaram V, Alagappan R, Al-Kiswany S, Arpaci-Dusseau AC, Arpaci-Dusseau RH (2014)

“Crash Consistency Validation Made Easy” , Jiang Y, Chen H, Qin F, Xu C, Ma X, Lu J (2016)

Meeting 24 (4/22): NVM and Juice

“Persistent Memcached: Bringing Legacy Code to Byte-Addressable Persistent Memory” , Marathe VJ, Seltzer M, Byan S, Harris T

“NVMcached: An NVM-based Key-Value Cache” , Wu X, Ni F, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ren Y, Hack M, Shao Z, Jiang S (2016)

“Cloudburst: stateful functions-as-a-service” , Sreekanti V, Wu C, Lin XC, Schleier-Smith J, Gonzalez JE, Hellerstein JM, Tumanov A (2020)

Adrian Colyer’s take

Meeting 25 (4/27): Scheduling

“The Linux Scheduler: A Decade of Wasted Cores” , Lozi JP, Lepers B, Funston J, Gaud F, Quéma V, Fedorova A (2016)

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Adaptive temporal compression for reduction of computational complexity in human behavior recognition

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Towards determining perceived audience intent for multimodal social media posts using the theory of reasoned action

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Predicting vehicle travel time on city streets for trip preplanning and predicting heavy traffic for proactive control of street congestion

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Autonomous interference-avoiding machine-to-machine communications

An article in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications proposes algorithmic solutions to dynamically optimize MIMO waveforms to minimize or eliminate interference in autonomous machine-to-machine communications.

Combining quantum and AI for the next superpower

Quantum computing can benefit from the advancements made in artificial intelligence (AI) holistically across the tech stack — AI may even unlock completely new ways of using quantum computers. Simultaneously, AI can benefit from quantum computing leveraging the expected future compute and memory power.

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As X wanes, researchers are turning to Reddit for insights and data, and to better connect with the public.

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Researchers are tracing sources of racial and gender bias in images generated by artificial intelligence, and making efforts to fix them.

Why scientists trust AI too much — and what to do about it

Some researchers see superhuman qualities in artificial intelligence. All scientists need to be alert to the risks this creates.

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The Top 10 Most Interesting Computer Science Research Topics

Computer science touches nearly every area of our lives. With new advancements in technology, the computer science field is constantly evolving, giving rise to new computer science research topics. These topics attempt to answer various computer science research questions and how they affect the tech industry and the larger world.

Computer science research topics can be divided into several categories, such as artificial intelligence, big data and data science, human-computer interaction, security and privacy, and software engineering. If you are a student or researcher looking for computer research paper topics. In that case, this article provides some suggestions on examples of computer science research topics and questions.

Find your bootcamp match

What makes a strong computer science research topic.

A strong computer science topic is clear, well-defined, and easy to understand. It should also reflect the research’s purpose, scope, or aim. In addition, a strong computer science research topic is devoid of abbreviations that are not generally known, though, it can include industry terms that are currently and generally accepted.

Tips for Choosing a Computer Science Research Topic

Brainstorm . Brainstorming helps you develop a few different ideas and find the best topic for you. Some core questions you should ask are, What are some open questions in computer science? What do you want to learn more about? What are some current trends in computer science?
Choose a sub-field . There are many subfields and career paths in computer science . Before choosing a research topic, ensure that you point out which aspect of computer science the research will focus on. That could be theoretical computer science, contemporary computing culture, or even distributed computing research topics.
Aim to answer a question . When you’re choosing a research topic in computer science, you should always have a question in mind that you’d like to answer. That helps you narrow down your research aim to meet specified clear goals.
Do a comprehensive literature review . When starting a research project, it is essential to have a clear idea of the topic you plan to study. That involves doing a comprehensive literature review to better understand what has been learned about your topic in the past.
Keep the topic simple and clear. The topic should reflect the scope and aim of the research it addresses. It should also be concise and free of ambiguous words. Hence, some researchers recommended that the topic be limited to five to 15 substantive words. It can take the form of a question or a declarative statement.

What’s the Difference Between a Research Topic and a Research Question?

A research topic is the subject matter that a researcher chooses to investigate. You may also refer to it as the title of a research paper. It summarizes the scope of the research and captures the researcher’s approach to the research question. Hence, it may be broad or more specific. For example, a broad topic may read, Data Protection and Blockchain, while a more specific variant can read, Potential Strategies to Privacy Issues on the Blockchain.

On the other hand, a research question is the fundamental starting point for any research project. It typically reflects various real-world problems and, sometimes, theoretical computer science challenges. As such, it must be clear, concise, and answerable.

How to Create Strong Computer Science Research Questions

To create substantial computer science research questions, one must first understand the topic at hand. Furthermore, the research question should generate new knowledge and contribute to the advancement of the field. It could be something that has not been answered before or is only partially answered. It is also essential to consider the feasibility of answering the question.

2. The Influence of Extraction Methods on Big Data Mining

Data mining has drawn the scientific community’s attention, especially with the explosive rise of big data. Many research results prove that the extraction methods used have a significant effect on the outcome of the data mining process. However, a topic like this analyzes algorithms. It suggests strategies and efficient algorithms that may help understand the challenge or lead the way to find a solution.

3. Integration of 5G with Analytics and Artificial Intelligence

According to the International Finance Corporation, 5G and AI technologies are defining emerging markets and our world. Through different technologies, this research aims to find novel ways to integrate these powerful tools to produce excellent results. Subjects like this often spark great discoveries that pioneer new levels of research and innovation. A breakthrough can influence advanced educational technology, virtual reality, metaverse, and medical imaging.

4. Leveraging Asynchronous FPGAs for Crypto Acceleration

To support the growing cryptocurrency industry, there is a need to create new ways to accelerate transaction processing. This project aims to use asynchronous Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate cryptocurrency transaction processing. It explores how various distributed computing technologies can influence mining cryptocurrencies faster with FPGAs and generally enjoy faster transactions.

5. Cyber Security Future Technologies

Cyber security is a trending topic among businesses and individuals, especially as many work teams are going remote. Research like this can stretch the length and breadth of the cyber security and cloud security industries and project innovations depending on the researcher’s preferences. Another angle is to analyze existing or emerging solutions and present discoveries that can aid future research.

6. Exploring the Boundaries Between Art, Media, and Information Technology

The field of computers and media is a vast and complex one that intersects in many ways. They create images or animations using design technology like algorithmic mechanism design, design thinking, design theory, digital fabrication systems, and electronic design automation. This paper aims to define how both fields exist independently and symbiotically.

7. Evolution of Future Wireless Networks Using Cognitive Radio Networks

This research project aims to study how cognitive radio technology can drive evolution in future wireless networks. It will analyze the performance of cognitive radio-based wireless networks in different scenarios and measure its impact on spectral efficiency and network capacity. The research project will involve the development of a simulation model for studying the performance of cognitive radios in different scenarios.

8. The Role of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning in Advancing Medical Predictive Systems

In a paper titled Exploring Quantum Computing Use Cases for Healthcare , experts at IBM highlighted precision medicine and diagnostics to benefit from quantum computing. Using biomedical imaging, machine learning, computational biology, and data-intensive computing systems, researchers can create more accurate disease progression prediction, disease severity classification systems, and 3D Image reconstruction systems vital for treating chronic diseases.

9. Implementing Privacy and Security in Wireless Networks

Wireless networks are prone to attacks, and that has been a big concern for both individual users and organizations. According to the Cyber Security and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA, cyber security specialists are working to find reliable methods of securing wireless networks . This research aims to develop a secure and privacy-preserving communication framework for wireless communication and social networks.

10. Exploring the Challenges and Potentials of Biometric Systems Using Computational Techniques

Much discussion surrounds biometric systems and the potential for misuse and privacy concerns. When exploring how biometric systems can be effectively used, issues such as verification time and cost, hygiene, data bias, and cultural acceptance must be weighed. The paper may take a critical study into the various challenges using computational tools and predict possible solutions.

Computer Research Questions

Why are there so many programming languages?
Is there a better way to enhance human-computer interactions in computer-aided learning?
How safe is cloud computing, and what are some ways to enhance security?
Can computers effectively assist in the sequencing of human genes?
How valuable is SCRUM methodology in Agile software development?

Choosing the Right Computer Science Research Topic

Computer science research is a vast field, and it can be challenging to choose the right topic. There are a few things to keep in mind when making this decision. Choose a topic that you are interested in. This will make it easier to stay motivated and produce high-quality research for your computer science degree .

Select a topic that is relevant to your field of study. This will help you to develop specialized knowledge in the area. Choose a topic that has potential for future research. This will ensure that your research is relevant and up-to-date. Typically, coding bootcamps provide a framework that streamlines students’ projects to a specific field, doing their search for a creative solution more effortless.

Computer Science Research Topics FAQ

To start a computer science research project, you should look at what other content is out there. Complete a literature review to know the available findings surrounding your idea. Design your research and ensure that you have the necessary skills and resources to complete the project.

The first step to conducting computer science research is to conceptualize the idea and review existing knowledge about that subject. You will design your research and collect data through surveys or experiments. Analyze your data and build a prototype or graphical model. You will also write a report and present it to a recognized body for review and publication.

You can find computer science research jobs on the job boards of many universities. Many universities have job boards on their websites that list open positions in research and academia. Also, many Slack and GitHub channels for computer scientists provide regular updates on available projects.

There are several hot topics and questions in AI that you can build your research on. Below are some AI research questions you may consider for your research paper.

Will it be possible to build artificial emotional intelligence?
Will robots replace humans in all difficult cumbersome jobs as part of the progress of civilization?
Can artificial intelligence systems self-improve with knowledge from the Internet?

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500+ Computer Science Research Topics

Computer Science is a constantly evolving field that has transformed the world we live in today. With new technologies emerging every day, there are countless research opportunities in this field. Whether you are interested in artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, data analytics, or computer networks, there are endless possibilities to explore. In this post, we will delve into some of the most interesting and important research topics in Computer Science. From the latest advancements in programming languages to the development of cutting-edge algorithms, we will explore the latest trends and innovations that are shaping the future of Computer Science. So, whether you are a student or a professional, read on to discover some of the most exciting research topics in this dynamic and rapidly expanding field.

Computer Science Research Topics

Computer Science Research Topics are as follows:

Using machine learning to detect and prevent cyber attacks
Developing algorithms for optimized resource allocation in cloud computing
Investigating the use of blockchain technology for secure and decentralized data storage
Developing intelligent chatbots for customer service
Investigating the effectiveness of deep learning for natural language processing
Developing algorithms for detecting and removing fake news from social media
Investigating the impact of social media on mental health
Developing algorithms for efficient image and video compression
Investigating the use of big data analytics for predictive maintenance in manufacturing
Developing algorithms for identifying and mitigating bias in machine learning models
Investigating the ethical implications of autonomous vehicles
Developing algorithms for detecting and preventing cyberbullying
Investigating the use of machine learning for personalized medicine
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate speech recognition
Investigating the impact of social media on political polarization
Developing algorithms for sentiment analysis in social media data
Investigating the use of virtual reality in education
Developing algorithms for efficient data encryption and decryption
Investigating the impact of technology on workplace productivity
Developing algorithms for detecting and mitigating deepfakes
Investigating the use of artificial intelligence in financial trading
Developing algorithms for efficient database management
Investigating the effectiveness of online learning platforms
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate facial recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for predicting weather patterns
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure data transfer
Investigating the impact of technology on social skills and communication
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate object recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for fraud detection in finance
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure authentication systems
Investigating the impact of technology on privacy and surveillance
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate handwriting recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for predicting stock prices
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure biometric identification
Investigating the impact of technology on mental health and well-being
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate language translation
Investigating the use of machine learning for personalized advertising
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure payment systems
Investigating the impact of technology on the job market and automation
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate object tracking
Investigating the use of machine learning for predicting disease outbreaks
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure access control
Investigating the impact of technology on human behavior and decision making
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate sound recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for predicting customer behavior
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure data backup and recovery
Investigating the impact of technology on education and learning outcomes
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate emotion recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for improving healthcare outcomes
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure supply chain management
Investigating the impact of technology on cultural and societal norms
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate gesture recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for predicting consumer demand
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure cloud storage
Investigating the impact of technology on environmental sustainability
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate voice recognition
Investigating the use of machine learning for improving transportation systems
Developing algorithms for efficient and secure mobile device management
Investigating the impact of technology on social inequality and access to resources
Machine learning for healthcare diagnosis and treatment
Machine Learning for Cybersecurity
Machine learning for personalized medicine
Cybersecurity threats and defense strategies
Big data analytics for business intelligence
Blockchain technology and its applications
Human-computer interaction in virtual reality environments
Artificial intelligence for autonomous vehicles
Natural language processing for chatbots
Cloud computing and its impact on the IT industry
Internet of Things (IoT) and smart homes
Robotics and automation in manufacturing
Augmented reality and its potential in education
Data mining techniques for customer relationship management
Computer vision for object recognition and tracking
Quantum computing and its applications in cryptography
Social media analytics and sentiment analysis
Recommender systems for personalized content delivery
Mobile computing and its impact on society
Bioinformatics and genomic data analysis
Deep learning for image and speech recognition
Digital signal processing and audio processing algorithms
Cloud storage and data security in the cloud
Wearable technology and its impact on healthcare
Computational linguistics for natural language understanding
Cognitive computing for decision support systems
Cyber-physical systems and their applications
Edge computing and its impact on IoT
Machine learning for fraud detection
Cryptography and its role in secure communication
Cybersecurity risks in the era of the Internet of Things
Natural language generation for automated report writing
3D printing and its impact on manufacturing
Virtual assistants and their applications in daily life
Cloud-based gaming and its impact on the gaming industry
Computer networks and their security issues
Cyber forensics and its role in criminal investigations
Machine learning for predictive maintenance in industrial settings
Augmented reality for cultural heritage preservation
Human-robot interaction and its applications
Data visualization and its impact on decision-making
Cybersecurity in financial systems and blockchain
Computer graphics and animation techniques
Biometrics and its role in secure authentication
Cloud-based e-learning platforms and their impact on education
Natural language processing for machine translation
Machine learning for predictive maintenance in healthcare
Cybersecurity and privacy issues in social media
Computer vision for medical image analysis
Natural language generation for content creation
Cybersecurity challenges in cloud computing
Human-robot collaboration in manufacturing
Data mining for predicting customer churn
Artificial intelligence for autonomous drones
Cybersecurity risks in the healthcare industry
Machine learning for speech synthesis
Edge computing for low-latency applications
Virtual reality for mental health therapy
Quantum computing and its applications in finance
Biomedical engineering and its applications
Cybersecurity in autonomous systems
Machine learning for predictive maintenance in transportation
Computer vision for object detection in autonomous driving
Augmented reality for industrial training and simulations
Cloud-based cybersecurity solutions for small businesses
Natural language processing for knowledge management
Machine learning for personalized advertising
Cybersecurity in the supply chain management
Cybersecurity risks in the energy sector
Computer vision for facial recognition
Natural language processing for social media analysis
Machine learning for sentiment analysis in customer reviews
Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Quantum Computing
Blockchain Technology
Human-Computer Interaction
Natural Language Processing
Cloud Computing
Robotics and Automation
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Cyber-Physical Systems
Computational Neuroscience
Big Data Analytics
Computer Vision
Cryptography and Network Security
Internet of Things
Computer Graphics and Visualization
Artificial Intelligence for Game Design
Computational Biology
Social Network Analysis
Bioinformatics
Distributed Systems and Middleware
Information Retrieval and Data Mining
Computer Networks
Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks
Software Engineering
Database Systems
Parallel and Distributed Computing
Human-Robot Interaction
Intelligent Transportation Systems
High-Performance Computing
Cyber-Physical Security
Deep Learning
Sensor Networks
Multi-Agent Systems
Human-Centered Computing
Wearable Computing
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Adaptive Systems
Brain-Computer Interface
Health Informatics
Cognitive Computing
Cybersecurity and Privacy
Internet Security
Cybercrime and Digital Forensics
Cloud Security
Cryptocurrencies and Digital Payments
Machine Learning for Natural Language Generation
Cognitive Robotics
Neural Networks
Semantic Web
Image Processing
Cyber Threat Intelligence
Secure Mobile Computing
Cybersecurity Education and Training
Privacy Preserving Techniques
Cyber-Physical Systems Security
Virtualization and Containerization
Machine Learning for Computer Vision
Network Function Virtualization
Cybersecurity Risk Management
Information Security Governance
Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Biometric Authentication
Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance
Security in Cloud-based Environments
Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems
Smart Grid Security
Software Defined Networking
Quantum Cryptography
Security in the Internet of Things
Natural language processing for sentiment analysis
Blockchain technology for secure data sharing
Developing efficient algorithms for big data analysis
Cybersecurity for internet of things (IoT) devices
Human-robot interaction for industrial automation
Image recognition for autonomous vehicles
Social media analytics for marketing strategy
Quantum computing for solving complex problems
Biometric authentication for secure access control
Augmented reality for education and training
Intelligent transportation systems for traffic management
Predictive modeling for financial markets
Cloud computing for scalable data storage and processing
Virtual reality for therapy and mental health treatment
Data visualization for business intelligence
Recommender systems for personalized product recommendations
Speech recognition for voice-controlled devices
Mobile computing for real-time location-based services
Neural networks for predicting user behavior
Genetic algorithms for optimization problems
Distributed computing for parallel processing
Internet of things (IoT) for smart cities
Wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring
Cloud-based gaming for high-performance gaming
Social network analysis for identifying influencers
Autonomous systems for agriculture
Robotics for disaster response
Data mining for customer segmentation
Computer graphics for visual effects in movies and video games
Virtual assistants for personalized customer service
Natural language understanding for chatbots
3D printing for manufacturing prototypes
Artificial intelligence for stock trading
Machine learning for weather forecasting
Biomedical engineering for prosthetics and implants
Cybersecurity for financial institutions
Machine learning for energy consumption optimization
Computer vision for object tracking
Natural language processing for document summarization
Wearable technology for health and fitness monitoring
Internet of things (IoT) for home automation
Reinforcement learning for robotics control
Big data analytics for customer insights
Machine learning for supply chain optimization
Natural language processing for legal document analysis
Artificial intelligence for drug discovery
Computer vision for object recognition in robotics
Data mining for customer churn prediction
Autonomous systems for space exploration
Robotics for agriculture automation
Machine learning for predicting earthquakes
Natural language processing for sentiment analysis in customer reviews
Big data analytics for predicting natural disasters
Internet of things (IoT) for remote patient monitoring
Blockchain technology for digital identity management
Machine learning for predicting wildfire spread
Computer vision for gesture recognition
Natural language processing for automated translation
Big data analytics for fraud detection in banking
Internet of things (IoT) for smart homes
Robotics for warehouse automation
Machine learning for predicting air pollution
Natural language processing for medical record analysis
Augmented reality for architectural design
Big data analytics for predicting traffic congestion
Machine learning for predicting customer lifetime value
Developing algorithms for efficient and accurate text recognition
Natural Language Processing for Virtual Assistants
Natural Language Processing for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Trust and Transparency
Deep Learning for Image and Video Retrieval
Edge Computing for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Data Science for Social Media Analytics
Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Protection
Natural Language Processing for Text Classification
Quantum Computing for Optimization Problems
Machine Learning for Personalized Health Monitoring
Computer Vision for Autonomous Driving
Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management
Augmented Reality for Education and Training
Natural Language Processing for Sentiment Analysis
Machine Learning for Personalized Marketing
Big Data Analytics for Financial Fraud Detection
Cybersecurity for Cloud Security Assessment
Artificial Intelligence for Natural Language Understanding
Blockchain Technology for Decentralized Applications
Virtual Reality for Cultural Heritage Preservation
Natural Language Processing for Named Entity Recognition
Machine Learning for Customer Churn Prediction
Big Data Analytics for Social Network Analysis
Cybersecurity for Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Artificial Intelligence for Robotics and Automation
Blockchain Technology for Digital Identity Management
Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation and Therapy
Natural Language Processing for Text Summarization
Machine Learning for Credit Risk Assessment
Big Data Analytics for Fraud Detection in Healthcare
Cybersecurity for Internet Privacy Protection
Artificial Intelligence for Game Design and Development
Blockchain Technology for Decentralized Social Networks
Virtual Reality for Marketing and Advertising
Natural Language Processing for Opinion Mining
Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection
Big Data Analytics for Predictive Maintenance in Transportation
Cybersecurity for Network Security Management
Artificial Intelligence for Personalized News and Content Delivery
Blockchain Technology for Cryptocurrency Mining
Virtual Reality for Architectural Design and Visualization
Natural Language Processing for Machine Translation
Machine Learning for Automated Image Captioning
Big Data Analytics for Stock Market Prediction
Cybersecurity for Biometric Authentication Systems
Artificial Intelligence for Human-Robot Interaction
Blockchain Technology for Smart Grids
Virtual Reality for Sports Training and Simulation
Natural Language Processing for Question Answering Systems
Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis in Customer Feedback
Big Data Analytics for Predictive Maintenance in Manufacturing
Cybersecurity for Cloud-Based Systems
Artificial Intelligence for Automated Journalism
Blockchain Technology for Intellectual Property Management
Virtual Reality for Therapy and Rehabilitation
Natural Language Processing for Language Generation
Machine Learning for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction
Big Data Analytics for Predictive Maintenance in Energy Systems
Cybersecurity for Secure Mobile Communication
Artificial Intelligence for Emotion Recognition
Blockchain Technology for Digital Asset Trading
Virtual Reality for Automotive Design and Visualization
Natural Language Processing for Semantic Web
Machine Learning for Fraud Detection in Financial Transactions
Big Data Analytics for Social Media Monitoring
Cybersecurity for Cloud Storage and Sharing
Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Education
Blockchain Technology for Secure Online Voting Systems
Virtual Reality for Cultural Tourism
Natural Language Processing for Chatbot Communication
Machine Learning for Medical Diagnosis and Treatment
Big Data Analytics for Environmental Monitoring and Management.
Cybersecurity for Cloud Computing Environments
Virtual Reality for Training and Simulation
Big Data Analytics for Sports Performance Analysis
Cybersecurity for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
Artificial Intelligence for Traffic Management and Control
Blockchain Technology for Smart Contracts
Natural Language Processing for Document Summarization
Machine Learning for Image and Video Recognition
Blockchain Technology for Digital Asset Management
Virtual Reality for Entertainment and Gaming
Natural Language Processing for Opinion Mining in Online Reviews
Machine Learning for Customer Relationship Management
Big Data Analytics for Environmental Monitoring and Management
Cybersecurity for Network Traffic Analysis and Monitoring
Artificial Intelligence for Natural Language Generation
Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability
Virtual Reality for Design and Visualization
Natural Language Processing for Speech Recognition
Machine Learning for Recommendation Systems
Big Data Analytics for Customer Segmentation and Targeting
Cybersecurity for Biometric Authentication
Artificial Intelligence for Human-Computer Interaction
Blockchain Technology for Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
Virtual Reality for Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Threat Detection and Prevention
Big Data Analytics for Healthcare Cost Reduction
Cybersecurity for Data Privacy and Protection
Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Vehicles
Blockchain Technology for Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Security
Virtual Reality for Real Estate Visualization
Natural Language Processing for Question Answering
Big Data Analytics for Financial Markets Prediction
Cybersecurity for Cloud-Based Machine Learning Systems
Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Advertising
Blockchain Technology for Digital Identity Verification
Virtual Reality for Cultural and Language Learning
Natural Language Processing for Semantic Analysis
Machine Learning for Business Forecasting
Big Data Analytics for Social Media Marketing
Artificial Intelligence for Content Generation
Blockchain Technology for Smart Cities
Virtual Reality for Historical Reconstruction
Natural Language Processing for Knowledge Graph Construction
Machine Learning for Speech Synthesis
Big Data Analytics for Traffic Optimization
Artificial Intelligence for Social Robotics
Blockchain Technology for Healthcare Data Management
Virtual Reality for Disaster Preparedness and Response
Natural Language Processing for Multilingual Communication
Machine Learning for Emotion Recognition
Big Data Analytics for Human Resources Management
Cybersecurity for Mobile App Security
Artificial Intelligence for Financial Planning and Investment
Blockchain Technology for Energy Management
Virtual Reality for Cultural Preservation and Heritage.
Big Data Analytics for Healthcare Management
Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Artificial Intelligence for Predictive Maintenance
Computational Biology for Drug Discovery
Virtual Reality for Mental Health Treatment
Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media
Human-Computer Interaction for User Experience Design
Cloud Computing for Disaster Recovery
Quantum Computing for Cryptography
Intelligent Transportation Systems for Smart Cities
Cybersecurity for Autonomous Vehicles
Artificial Intelligence for Fraud Detection in Financial Systems
Social Network Analysis for Marketing Campaigns
Cloud Computing for Video Game Streaming
Machine Learning for Speech Recognition
Augmented Reality for Architecture and Design
Natural Language Processing for Customer Service Chatbots
Machine Learning for Climate Change Prediction
Big Data Analytics for Social Sciences
Artificial Intelligence for Energy Management
Virtual Reality for Tourism and Travel
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids
Machine Learning for Image Recognition
Augmented Reality for Sports Training
Natural Language Processing for Content Creation
Cloud Computing for High-Performance Computing
Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Medicine
Virtual Reality for Architecture and Design
Augmented Reality for Product Visualization
Natural Language Processing for Language Translation
Cybersecurity for Cloud Computing
Artificial Intelligence for Supply Chain Optimization
Blockchain Technology for Digital Voting Systems
Virtual Reality for Job Training
Augmented Reality for Retail Shopping
Natural Language Processing for Sentiment Analysis in Customer Feedback
Cloud Computing for Mobile Application Development
Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity Threat Detection
Blockchain Technology for Intellectual Property Protection
Virtual Reality for Music Education
Machine Learning for Financial Forecasting
Augmented Reality for Medical Education
Natural Language Processing for News Summarization
Cybersecurity for Healthcare Data Protection
Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Robots
Virtual Reality for Fitness and Health
Machine Learning for Natural Language Understanding
Augmented Reality for Museum Exhibits
Natural Language Processing for Chatbot Personality Development
Cloud Computing for Website Performance Optimization
Artificial Intelligence for E-commerce Recommendation Systems
Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Traceability
Virtual Reality for Military Training
Augmented Reality for Advertising
Natural Language Processing for Chatbot Conversation Management
Cybersecurity for Cloud-Based Services
Artificial Intelligence for Agricultural Management
Blockchain Technology for Food Safety Assurance
Virtual Reality for Historical Reenactments
Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Incident Response.
Secure Multiparty Computation
Federated Learning
Internet of Things Security
Blockchain Scalability
Quantum Computing Algorithms
Explainable AI
Data Privacy in the Age of Big Data
Adversarial Machine Learning
Deep Reinforcement Learning
Online Learning and Streaming Algorithms
Graph Neural Networks
Automated Debugging and Fault Localization
Mobile Application Development
Software Engineering for Cloud Computing
Cryptocurrency Security
Edge Computing for Real-Time Applications
Natural Language Generation
Virtual and Augmented Reality
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Internet of Things Applications
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Explainable Robotics
3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
Distributed Systems
Parallel Computing
Data Center Networking
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Information Retrieval and Search Engines
Network Security and Privacy
Cloud Computing Security
Data Analytics for Business Intelligence
Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Reinforcement Learning for Robotics
Automated Planning and Scheduling
Evolutionary Computation and Genetic Algorithms
Formal Methods for Software Engineering
Computational Complexity Theory
Bio-inspired Computing
Computer Vision for Object Recognition
Automated Reasoning and Theorem Proving
Natural Language Understanding
Machine Learning for Healthcare
Scalable Distributed Systems
Sensor Networks and Internet of Things
Smart Grids and Energy Systems
Software Testing and Verification
Web Application Security
Wireless and Mobile Networks
Computer Architecture and Hardware Design
Digital Signal Processing
Game Theory and Mechanism Design
Multi-agent Systems
Evolutionary Robotics
Quantum Machine Learning
Computational Social Science
Explainable Recommender Systems.
Artificial Intelligence and its applications
Cloud computing and its benefits
Cybersecurity threats and solutions
Internet of Things and its impact on society
Virtual and Augmented Reality and its uses
Blockchain Technology and its potential in various industries
Web Development and Design
Digital Marketing and its effectiveness
Big Data and Analytics
Software Development Life Cycle
Gaming Development and its growth
Network Administration and Maintenance
Machine Learning and its uses
Data Warehousing and Mining
Computer Architecture and Design
Computer Graphics and Animation
Quantum Computing and its potential
Data Structures and Algorithms
Computer Vision and Image Processing
Robotics and its applications
Operating Systems and its functions
Information Theory and Coding
Compiler Design and Optimization
Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime Investigation
Distributed Computing and its significance
Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Cloud Storage and Backup
Programming Languages and their significance
Computer Simulation and Modeling
Computer Networks and its types
Information Security and its types
Computer-based Training and eLearning
Medical Imaging and its uses
Social Media Analysis and its applications
Human Resource Information Systems
Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing
Multimedia Systems and Applications
Geographic Information Systems and its uses
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Mobile Device Management and Security
Data Compression and its types
Knowledge Management Systems
Text Mining and its uses
Cyber Warfare and its consequences
Wireless Networks and its advantages
Computer Ethics and its importance
Computational Linguistics and its applications
Autonomous Systems and Robotics
Information Visualization and its importance
Geographic Information Retrieval and Mapping
Business Intelligence and its benefits
Digital Libraries and their significance
Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation
Computer Music and its types
Virtual Teams and Collaboration
Computer Games and Learning
Semantic Web and its applications
Electronic Commerce and its advantages
Multimedia Databases and their significance
Computer Science Education and its importance
Computer-Assisted Translation and Interpretation
Ambient Intelligence and Smart Homes
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

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Information Technology Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On March 23, 2023

Information technology stands out as one of the latest discoveries of the twenty-first century. According to researchers, technology is currently undergoing an era of transformation. Yet, despite all the hype, many students struggle to figure out a topic for their degree in Information Technology.

Nonetheless, we are right here to direct our students and show them a ray of hope. A comprehensive list of advanced dissertation topics in the field of information systems is provided below for students to pick a topic that suits their interests and research.

Related Academic Resource: Business Information Technology Topics , Technology Dissertation Topics , Green Technology Dissertation Topics

List of IT Dissertation Topics Having Potential for Research

A literature analysis on the information quality management framework
A comprehensive investigation of the information system hierarchy
Big data and business intelligence are essential for sustainable development in organisations: Discuss a UK-based perspective
Correlation between Information systems management and risk management infrastructure to achieve business risk resilience
Impact of the Coronavirus on the management of X country’s information systems
The function of structured versus unstructured data in managing information systems
A review of the literature on business intelligence management and information systems
Pre- and post-COVID analysis of the impact of information systems on organisational performance
Implementing IT governance and managing information systems
A descriptive overview of IS strategic planning and management services
A review of the literature on international information system security
Information systems management historical analysis focusing on the last three decades
The part that planning, alignment, and leadership play in information systems management
A systematic review of the post-COVID era for information systems management research
Difficulties and possible challenges in the International Management of Information systems
A thorough analysis of information policy and global information systems management
How to handle data management in the era of 5G technologies?
Human-computer interaction’s effect on innovations
How does machine learning introduce students to more modern career opportunities?
Consider the use of molecular information systems in biotechnology
How has information technology aided in the processing of natural language?
What are the most recent advancements in software engineering and programming languages?
An examination of new potential in the robotics industry.
What factors should I take into account while buying a bandwidth monitor?
How do we develop an efficient clinic management system for intensive care?
Reasons why e-waste management solutions should be used worldwide ASAP
Motives for why cyberbullying persists in modern communication technologies
Interpersonal communication has changed as a result of the development of information technology
The effect of 3D printing on medical practice
How well do colleges and universities produce qualified computer scientists using robots in infectious disease units?
How ethical hacking has become more harmful
Why having specialised financial systems is important
What is the best security precaution: A fingerprint or a serial number?
How to strengthen patent protection for technical advances?
An overview of the many software security measures.

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Do you have a dissertation topic in the field of information technology? If not, our competent dissertation writers are at your disposal. The importance of technology research cannot be overstated. Several students are required to complete their information technology dissertations.

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Computer Science Research Paper Topics: 30+ Ideas for You

by Antony W

November 26, 2023

We’ve written a lot on computer science to know that choosing research paper topics in the subject isn’t as easy as flipping a bulb’s switch. Brainstorming can take an entire afternoon before you come up with something constructive.

However, looking at prewritten topics is a great way to identify an idea to guide your research.

In this post, we give you a list of 20+ research paper topics on computer science to cut your ideation time to zero.

Scan the list.
Identify what topic piques your interest
Develop your research question , and
Follow our guide to write a research paper .

Key Takeaways

Computer science is a broad field, meaning you can come up with endless number of topics for your research paper.
With the freedom to choose the topic you want, consider working on a theme that you’ve always wanted to investigate.
Focusing your research on a trending topic in the computer science space can be a plus.
As long as a topic allows you to complete the steps of a research process with ease, work on it.

Computer Science Research Paper Topics

The following are 30+ research topics and ideas from which you can choose a title for your computer science project:

Artificial Intelligence Topics

AI made its first appearance in 1958 when Frank Rosenblatt developed the first deep neural network that could generate an original idea. Yet, there’s no time Artificial Intelligence has ever been a profound as it is right now. Interesting and equally controversial, AI opens door to an array of research opportunity, meaning there are countless topics that you can investigate in a project, including the following:

Write about the efficacy of deep learning algorithms in forecasting and mitigating cyber-attacks within educational institutions.
Focus on a study of the transformative impact of recent advances in natural language processing.
Explain Artificial Intelligence’s influence on stock valuation decision-making, making sure you touch on impacts and implications.
Write a research project on harnessing deep learning for speech recognition in children with speech impairments.
Focus your paper on an in-depth evaluation of reinforcement learning algorithms in video game development.
Write a research project that focuses on the integration of artificial intelligence in orthopedic surgery.
Examine the social implications and ethical considerations of AI-based automated marking systems.
Artificial Intelligence’s role in cryptocurrency: Evaluating its impact on financial forecasting and risk management
The confluence of large-scale GIS datasets with AI and machine learning

Data Structure and Algorithms Topics

Topics on data structure and algorithm focus on the storage, retrieval, and efficient use of data. Here are some ideas that you may find interesting for a research project in this area:

Do an in-depth investigation of the efficacy of deep learning algorithms on structured and unstructured datasets.
Conduct a comprehensive survey of approximation algorithms for solving NP-hard problems.
Analyze the performance of decision tree-based approaches in optimizing stock purchasing decisions.
Do a critical examination of the accuracy of neural network algorithms in processing consumer purchase patterns.
Explore parallel algorithms for high-performance computing of genomic data.
Evaluate machine-learning algorithms in facial pattern recognition.
Examine the applicability of neural network algorithms for image analysis in biodiversity assessment
Investigate the impact of data structures on optimal algorithm design and performance in financial technology
Write a research paper on the survey of algorithm applications in Internet of Things (IoT) systems for supply-chain management.

Networking Topics

The networking topics in research focus on the communication between computer devices. Your project can focus on data transmission, data exchange, and data resources. You can focus on media access control, network topology design, packet classification, and so much more. Here are some ideas to get you started with your research:

Analyzing the influence of 5g technology on rural internet accessibility in Africa
The significance of network congestion control algorithms in enhancing streaming platform performance
Evaluate the role of software-defined networking in contemporary cloud-based computing environments
Examining the impact of network topology on performance and reliability of internet-of-things
A comprehensive investigation of the integration of network function virtualization in telecommunication networks across South America
A critical appraisal of network security and privacy challenges amid industry investments in healthcare
Assessing the influence of edge computing on network architecture and design within Internet of Things
Evaluating challenges and opportunities in the adoption of 6g wireless networks
Exploring the intersection of cloud computing and security risks in the financial technology sector
An analysis of network coding-based approaches for enhanced data security

Database Topic Ideas

Computer science relies heavily on data to produce information. This data requires efficient and secure management and mitigation for it to be of any good value. Given just how wide this area is as well, your database research topic can be on anything that you find fascinating to explore. Below are some ideas to get started:

Examining big data management systems and technologies in business-to-business marketing
Assessing the use of in-memory databases for real-time data processing in patient monitoring
An analytical study on the implementation of graph databases for data modeling and analysis in recommendation systems
Understanding the impact of NOSQL databases on data management and analysis within smart cities
The evolving dynamics of database design and management in the retail grocery industry under the influence of the internet of things
Evaluating the effects of data compression algorithms on database performance and scalability in cloud computing environments
An in-depth examination of the challenges and opportunities presented by distributed databases in supply chain management
Addressing security and privacy concerns of cloud-based databases in financial organizations
Comparative analysis of database tuning and optimization approaches for enhancing efficiency in Omni channel retailing
Exploring the nexus of data warehousing and business intelligence in the landscape of global consultancies

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Information systems research topics for ms phd, information systems research topic ideas for ms, or ph.d. degree.

I am sharing with you some of the research topics regarding Information Systems that you can choose for your research proposal for the thesis work of MS, or Ph.D. Degree.

A survey on blockchain for information systems management and security
The perils and promises of big data research in information systems
A novel Dual-Blockchained structure for contract-theoretic LoRa-based information systems
A novel decision-making approach based on three-way decisions in fuzzy information systems
Review and critique of the information systems development project failure literature: An argument for exploring information systems development project distress
Product decision-making information systems, real-time big data analytics, and deep learning-enabled smart process planning in sustainable industry 4.0
Blockchain-based privacy-preserving remote data integrity checking scheme for IoT information systems
Human resource information systems
The role of three-dimensional geographic information systems in subsurface characterization for hydrogeological applications
Cognition digital twins for personalized information systems of smart cities: Proof of concept
Trust in Management Information Systems (MIS) A Theoretical Model
Exploring the characteristics and utilisation of Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) in Germany
Managing risk in information systems
Data science: developing theoretical contributions in information systems via text analytics
The Determinants of management information systems effectiveness in small-and medium-sized enterprises
Accounting information systems: controls and processes
Weaponizing information systems for political disruption: The actor, lever, effects, and response taxonomy (ALERT)
A systematic review of social media acceptance from the perspective of educational and information systems theories and models
End-user participation in health information systems (HIS) development: Physicians’ and nurses’ experiences
Financial Management Information Systems and accounting policies retention in Brazil
A common attribute reduction form for information systems
… quality factors matter in enhancing the perceived benefits of online health information sites? Application of the updated DeLone and McLean Information Systems …
Geographic information systems (GIS) for disaster management
Enabling supply chain analytics for enterprise information systems: a topic modelling literature review and future research agenda
A Systematic Review of Empirical Affordance studies: Recommendations for Affordance Research in Information Systems.
Applying Team-Based Learning in Online Introductory Information Systems Courses
Complexity and Information Systems Rsearch in the Emerging Digital World
Public health informatics and information systems
Analyzing the location of city logistics centers in Istanbul by integrating Geographic Information Systems with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm
Understanding the challenges associated with the use of data from routine health information systems in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Integration of the Dimensions of Computerized Health Information Systems and Their Role in Improving Administrative Performance in Al-Shifa Medical Complex
Accounting information systems in the blockchain era
Continuous transition from model-driven prototype to full-size real-world enterprise information systems
On the Use of Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Information Systems Research-A Critical Review
Implementation of business intelligence considering the role of information systems integration and enterprise resource planning
Utilizing chemometrics and geographical information systems to evaluate spatial and temporal variations of coastal water quality
Optimizing data quality of pharmaceutical information systems in public health care in resource limited settings
The impact of Public Sector Scorecard adoption on the effectiveness of accounting information systems towards the sustainable performance in Public Sector
The role of information systems in decision-making and public policy making
Analysis of barriers to the deployment of health information systems: A stakeholder perspective
Reengineering of Information Systems toward Classical-Quantum Systems.
Safe use of hospital information systems: an evaluation model based on a sociotechnical perspective
Organizational information security management for sustainable information systems: An unethical employee information security behavior perspective
Organization of a virtual enterprise in information systems
Twenty‐five years of the Information Systems Journal: A bibliometric and ontological overview
Green Information Systems Refraction for Corporate Ecological Responsibility Reflection in ICT Based Firms: Explicating Technology Organization Environment …
A Data Analytics Framework for Smart Asthma Management Based on Remote Health Information Systems with Bluetooth-Enabled Personal Inhalers.
Utilisation of hospital information systems for medical research in Saudi Arabia: A mixed-method exploration of the views of healthcare and IT professionals involved in …
Unconstrained design: Improving multitasking with in-vehicle information systems through enhanced situation awareness
The architecture of computer hardware, systems software, and networking: An information technology approach
Covid-19 pandemic and suicide in France: An opportunity to improve information systems
Information Technology and Systems: Proceedings of ICITS 2020
Risk Management in Information Technology
The effects of information systems compatibility on firm performance following mergers and acquisitions
Information Systems Students’ Impressions on Learning Modeling Enterprise Architectures
Drivers of intentions to use healthcare information systems among health and care professionals
Vulnerability and protection of business management systems: threats and challenges
Development of algorithm for analysis of sound fragments in medical information systems
A framework for validating information systems research based on a pluralist account of truth and correctness
Use of ontology learning in information system integration: a literature survey
Conceptmap: A conceptual approach for formulating user preferences in large information spaces
An Analysis of Point of Sales (POS) Information Systems in SMEswith The Black Box Testing and PIECES Method
Design principles for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A formal concept analysis and its evaluation
Virtually in this together–how web-conferencing systems enabled a new virtual togetherness during the COVID-19 crisis
Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Information and Communication Infrastructures in Modern Wide-Area Systems
Cyber-Physical Systems: a multi-criteria assessment for Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems
On the declarative paradigm in hybrid business process representations: A conceptual framework and a systematic literature study
Compact and high-performance vortex mode sorter for multi-dimensional multiplexed fiber communication systems
A modeling method for systematic architecture reconstruction of microservice-based software systems
Decision support systems for agriculture 4.0: Survey and challenges
Blockchain adoption from an interorganizational systems perspective–a mixed-methods approach
Exploiting chemistry and molecular systems for quantum information science
Information Technology Governance: Reflections on the Past and Future Directions
The price of fairness-A framework to explore trade-offs in algorithmic fairness
Shared Ledger Accounting—Implementing the Economic Exchange Pattern
Implications of Knowledge Organization Systems for Health Information Exchange and Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Using secondary data to tell a new story: A cautionary tale in health information technology research
Combining symbiotic simulation systems with enterprise data storage systems for real-time decision-making
Integration of new information in memory: new insights from a complementary learning systems perspective
What drives unverified information sharing and cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic?
The rise of human machines: How cognitive computing systems challenge assumptions of user-system interaction
Community-diversified influence maximization in social networks
Electronic religious programs on islamic subjects on the example of the sanctuary of Al-Hakim Al-Termizi
An incremental attribute reduction approach based on knowledge granularity for incomplete decision systems
Unpacking the difference between digital transformation and IT-enabled organizational transformation
Information scrambling at finite temperature in local quantum systems
Auditing cloud-based blockchain accounting systems
Eye-tracking-based classification of information search behavior using machine learning: evidence from experiments in physical shops and virtual reality shopping …
Uncertain information and linear systems
Maritime reporting systems
Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study
Information freshness in cache updating systems
Business models shifts: Impact of Covid-19
A trustworthiness-based vehicular recruitment scheme for information collections in distributed networked systems
Medical information retrieval systems for e-Health care records using fuzzy based machine learning model
On the reliability of test collections for evaluating systems of different types
Global health crises are also information crises: A call to action
Review of compact computational spectral information acquisition systems
A pre-filtering approach for incorporating contextual information into deep learning based recommender systems
Mapping county-level mobility pattern changes in the United States in response to COVID-19
Banana Classification Using Deep Learning
Information technology elements for optical systems of identification of autonomous underwater vehicles
Time-efficient target tags information collection in large-scale RFID systems
Blockchain and the united nations sustainable development goals: towards an agenda for is research
Infrastructural sovereignty over agreement and transaction data (‘metadata’) in an open network-model for multilateral sharing of sensitive data
Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic?
The search for smartness in working, living and organising: beyond the ‘Technomagic’
Covert communications without channel state information at receiver in IoT systems
Hypertext: from text to expertext
JSON: Data model and query languages
Introduction to ultra-wideband radar systems
Machine learning based diagnosis of diseases using the unfolded EEG spectra: towards an intelligent software sensor
A review of research relevant to the emerging industry trends: Industry 4.0, IoT, blockchain, and business analytics
Principles of construction of systems for diagnosing the energy equipment
Editorial reflections: Lockdowns, slow downs, and some introductions
Containing COVID-19 through physical distancing: the impact of real-time crowding information
Evaluating content novelty in recommender systems
Smart city model based on systems theory
Type of Grapefruit Classification Using Deep Learning
Information technology audit quality: an investigation of the impact of individual and organizational factors
Directions for professional social matching systems
Conceptual approach to building a digital twin of the production system
New information technologies in the estimation of stationary modes of the third type systems
RF systems design for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in automation and transportation
Capturing the complexity of gamification elements: a holistic approach for analysing existing and deriving novel gamification designs
Optimal site selection for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants using GIS and AHP: A case study of Malatya Province, Turkey
Mining association rules for anomaly detection in dynamic process runtime behavior and explaining the root cause to users
Eight grand challenges in socio-environmental systems modeling
Future integrated mobility-energy systems: A modeling perspective
A novel framework to evaluate innovation value proposition for smart product–service systems
Diagnostic Systems For Energy Equipments
Utilising neutrosophic theory to solve transition difficulties of IoT-based enterprises
Towards smart farming: Systems, frameworks and exploitation of multiple sources
Measuring Resilience of Human–Spatial Systems to Disasters: Framework Combining Spatial-Network Analysis and Fisher Information
Age of information for multicast transmission with fixed and random deadlines in IoT systems
The role of personality and linguistic patterns in discriminating between fake news spreaders and fact checkers
Mapping the incidence of the COVID-19 hotspot in Iran–Implications for Travellers
How farmers shape cultural landscapes. Dealing with information in farm systems (Vallès County, Catalonia, 1860)
An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success
Will the COVID-19 pandemic change waste generation and composition?: The need for more real-time waste management data and systems thinking
Digital Systems and New Challenges of Financial Management–FinTech, XBRL, Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies
Identity asymmetries: An experimental investigation of social identity and information exchange in multiteam systems
How enterprises adopt agile forms of organizational design: a multiple-case study
Acceptance of text-mining systems: The signaling role of information quality
Improving health care management in hospitals through a productivity dashboard
The construction of smart city information system based on the Internet of Things and cloud computing
Foundations of cryptoeconomic systems
Information distribution in multi-robot systems: Utility-based evaluation model
Dew computing architecture for cyber-physical systems and IoT
The port as a set of socio-technical systems: A multi-organisational view
IOS drivers of manufacturer-supplier flexibility and manufacturer agility
A secure authenticated and key exchange scheme for fog computing
Information and communication technologies in tourism
The effect of customer lifestyle patterns on the use of mobile banking applications in Jordan
Human identification for activities of daily living: A deep transfer learning approach
The geography of transport systems
Virtual reality
Technical provision of diagnostic systems
The contribution of systems science to Industry 4.0
Peers matter: The moderating role of social influence on information security policy compliance
On the age of information in internet of things systems with correlated devices
A survey on knowledge graph-based recommender systems
How corporate social responsibility activities influence employer reputation: The role of social media capability
A dual systems model of online impulse buying
Explanatory and predictive model of the adoption of P2P payment systems
Public Health Informatics: An Introduction
Principles of ties of internal control and management accounting systems at the enterprises of black metallurgy
Pivot-based approximate k-NN similarity joins for big high-dimensional data
Classifying nuts types using convolutional neural network
Enabling the analysis of personality aspects in recommender systems
Transparency and accountability in AI decision support: Explaining and visualizing convolutional neural networks for text information
Cornac: A Comparative Framework for Multimodal Recommender Systems
Trust information network in social Internet of things using trust-aware recommender systems
The Role of KM in Enhancing AI Algorithms and Systems
Towards a characterisation of smart systems: A systematic literature review
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: Transforming education, work and life
Output and regulated output synchronization of heterogeneous multi-agent systems: A scale-free protocol design using no information about communication network …
Secure lightweight password authenticated key exchange for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
How voluntary information sharing systems form: Evidence from a us commercial credit bureau
Designing multistage search systems to support the information seeking process
Recent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: From the Perspective of System Integration
Integrating geospatial technologies and unmanned aircraft systems into the grower’s disease management toolbox
A development framework for decision support systems in high-performance sport
Information resource orchestration during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of community lockdowns in China
IoT Data Management—Security Aspects of Information Linkage in IoT Systems
Task recommendation in crowdsourcing systems: A bibliometric analysis
Survey on various conversational systems
The Role Of Blockchain As A Security Support For Student Profiles In Technology Education Systems
Reliability bounds for multi-state systems by fusing multiple sources of imprecise information
On the design of output information-based sliding mode controllers for switched descriptor systems: Linear sliding variable approach
The pinar del río geography and connected photovoltaic systems to grid
Challenges and future directions of computational advertising measurement systems
Fisher information and Shannon entropy calculations for two-electron systems
TAMING COMPLEXITY IN SEARCH MATCHING: TWO-SIDED RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS.
An extensive study on the evolution of context-aware personalized travel recommender systems
Clustering and self-organization in small-scale natural and artificial systems
Establishing smart service systems is a challenge: a case study on pitfalls and implications
Designing, developing, and deploying artificial intelligence systems: Lessons from and for the public sector
The negative skycube
Towards digital engineering: the advent of digital systems engineering
An Integrated model of continuous intention to use of google classroom
Port Community Systems: A structured literature review
Working towards a multimedia learning environment: experiences in the classroom
Large-scale question tagging via joint question-topic embedding learning
Skills, Certifications, or Degrees: What Companies Demand for Entry-Level Cybersecurity Jobs.
Geographic objects with indeterminate boundaries
Recent advances and challenges in task-oriented dialog systems
Industry 4.0 integration with socio-technical systems theory: A systematic review and proposed theoretical model
Diagnosis of arthritis using adaptive hierarchical Mamdani fuzzy type-1 expert system
Securing of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) against security threats using human immune system
Cybernetic Approach to Developing Resilient Systems: Concept, Models and Application
Factors that affect accounting information system success and its implication on accounting information quality
Reconciliation of privacy with preventive cybersecurity: The bright internet approach
How to perform and report an impactful analysis using partial least squares: Guidelines for confirmatory and explanatory IS research
A survey on conversational recommender systems
A human-in-the-loop manufacturing control architecture for the next generation of production systems
Dynamic representations in networked neural systems
Cognitive twins for supporting decision-makings of Internet of Things systems
Challenges in building intelligent open-domain dialog systems
Organizational and environmental influences in the adoption of computer-assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATTs) by audit firms in Malaysia
Mutual clustering on comparative texts via heterogeneous information networks
Smart production systems drivers for business process management improvement
Real time dataset generation framework for intrusion detection systems in IoT
COVID-19 pandemic: Shifting digital transformation to a high-speed gear
Design Theory Indeterminacy: What is it, how can it be reduced, and why did the polar bear drown?
A cloud-based platform for the non-invasive management of coronary artery disease
A practical GIS-based hazard assessment framework for water quality in stormwater systems
An affordance perspective of team collaboration and enforced working from home during COVID-19
Health Information Systems, 2008
Applications and Datasets for Superpixel Techniques: A Survey
An ECDSA Approach to Access Control in Knowledge Management Systems Using Blockchain
What makes a review a reliable rating in recommender systems?
Revocation Mechanisms for Academic Certificates Stored on a Blockchain
Context-Aware Recommendations Based on Deep Learning Frameworks
Towards automating the synthesis of chatbots for conversational model query
A hierarchical model to evaluate the quality of web-based e-learning systems
Blockchain technology-enabled supply chain systems and supply chain performance: a resource-based view
Analyzing Cryptocurrencies
Estimation-action-reflection: Towards deep interaction between conversational and recommender systems
Recommender systems and their ethical challenges
Advanced Database systems
Towards predictive maintenance for flexible manufacturing using FIWARE
Automated continuous noninvasive ward monitoring: validation of measurement systems is the real challenge
Digital nomads
An Algorithm to Select an Energy-Efficient Sever for an Application Process in a Cluster of Servers
Evolution and revolution: Personality research for the coming world of robots, artificial intelligence, and autonomous systems
Considering random factors in modeling complex microeconomic systems
Discrete event-driven model predictive control for real-time work-in-process optimization in serial production systems
Challenges to transforming unconventional social media data into actionable knowledge for public health systems during disasters
An analysis of learners’ intentions toward virtual reality online learning systems: a case study in Taiwan
Techno-unreliability: a pilot study in the field
Learning relational fractals for deep knowledge graph embedding in online social networks
A novel approach towards using big data and IoT for improving the efficiency of m-health systems
Big data analytics for manufacturing internet of things: opportunities, challenges and enabling technologies
State machine based human-bot conversation model and services
Contributions of scale: what we stand to gain from Indigenous and local inclusion in climate and health monitoring and surveillance systems
Intelligent knowledge lakes: The age of artificial intelligence and big data
Learning management systems: a review of the research methodology literature in Australia and China
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Cervical Cancer Detection
Privacy in Dynamical Systems
Prominence and engagement: Different mechanisms regulating continuance and contribution in online communities
Evaluation of views regarding pharmacy information management systems implementation and systemic issues in community pharmacies
A critical look at theories in design science research
What affects usage satisfaction in mobile payments? Modelling user generated content to develop the “digital service usage satisfaction model”
A survey on empathetic dialogue systems
Method of constructing explanations for recommender systems based on the temporal dynamics of user preferences
How Foreign and Domestic Firms Differ in Leveraging IT-enabled Supply Chain Information Integration in BOP Markets: The Role of Supplier and Client …
… trial of an information technology enhanced peer-integrated collaborative care intervention versus enhanced usual care for us trauma care systems: clinical …
From responsive to adaptive and interactive materials and materials systems: A roadmap
A multi-dimensional model of Enterprise Resource Planning critical success factors
A minimum centre distance rule activation method for extended belief rule-based classification systems
A fuzzy-based system for assessment of available edge computing resources in a cloud-fog-edge SDN-VANETs architecture
Advances in smart environment monitoring systems using iot and sensors
Understanding the apparent superiority of over-sampling through an analysis of local information for class-imbalanced data
About trust in the information systems on the basis of internet-based technologies
Cyber-physical production systems retrofitting in context of industry 4.0
Distributed maximum correntropy filtering for stochastic nonlinear systems under deception attacks
Adaptive rule adaptation in unstructured and dynamic environments
Systems thinking: A review and bibliometric analysis
Introduction to unmanned aircraft systems
Recent advances and opportunities for improving critical realism-based case study research in IS
Data analytics in higher education: an integrated view
Governance by Other Means: Rankings as Regulatory Systems
Codifying Interdisciplinary Design Knowledge through Patterns–The Case of Smart Personal Assistants
Critical factors in information technology capability for enhancing firm’s environmental performance: case of Indonesian ICT sector
A Model Management Platform for Industry 4.0–Enabling Management of Machine Learning Models in Manufacturing Environments
Compact polarizers for satellite information systems
Combining multicriteria decision analysis and GIS to assess vulnerability within a protected area: An objective methodology for managing complex and fragile systems
Contextualizing the effective use of social media network for collaborative learning: An affordance perspective
Explaining the link between technostress and technology addiction for social networking sites: A study of distraction as a coping behavior
Design of an Inclusive Financial Privacy Index (INF-PIE): A Financial Privacy and Digital Financial Inclusion Perspective
Applying a systematic literature review and content analysis method to analyse open source developers’ forking motivation interpretation, categories and …
Satellite communications systems: systems, techniques and technology
TOPSIS method for developing supplier selection with probabilistic linguistic information
The role of information technology in organization and management in tourism
Big data analytics in healthcare: a systematic literature review
Configuration Optimization and Channel Estimation in Hybrid Beamforming mmWave Systems With Channel Support Side Information
High-Capacity Robust Image Steganography via Adversarial Network.
Does Tailoring Gamified Educational Systems Matter? The Impact on Students’ Flow Experience
Soft systems methodology
Computer Tools for Energy Systems
Customer loyalty improves the effectiveness of recommender systems based on complex network
Assessment of workforce systems preferences/skills based on Employment domain
Efficient NTRU lattice-based certificateless signature scheme for medical cyber-physical systems
Market drivers of sustainability and sustainability learning capabilities: The moderating role of sustainability control systems
Fedfast: Going beyond average for faster training of federated recommender systems
Sustainability management control systems in higher education institutions from measurement to management
Understanding user trust in artificial intelligence‐based educational systems: Evidence from China
Feature selection using genetic algorithms for the generation of a recognition and classification of children activities model using environmental sound
Attributes reductions of bipolar fuzzy relation decision systems
Basic classes in conceptual modeling: theory and practical guidelines
Dynamic-sos: An approach for the simulation of systems-of-systems dynamic architectures
A novel software engineering approach toward using machine learning for improving the efficiency of health systems
Emergent properties of foveated perceptual systems
Fuzzy model estimation of the risk factors impact on the target of promotion of the software product
A real-time data-driven collaborative mechanism in fixed-position assembly systems for smart manufacturing
Ontologies as nested facet systems for human–data interaction
Incorporating rainwater harvesting systems in Iran’s potable water-saving scheme by using a GIS-simulation based decision support system
Digital storytelling and blockchain as pedagogy and technology to support the development of an inclusive smart learning ecosystem
… of everyday life–How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care?
Teaching programming to the post-millennial generation: Pedagogic considerations for an IS course
Uncertainty in information system development: Causes, effects, and coping mechanisms
An effective training scheme for deep neural network in edge computing enabled Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems
Bureaucracy as a lens for analyzing and designing algorithmic systems
Strictly linear light cones in long-range interacting systems of arbitrary dimensions
Self-sovereign identity in a globalized world: Credentials-based identity systems as a driver for economic inclusion
How Much Method-in-Use Matters? A Case Study of Agile and Waterfall Software Projects and Their Design Routine Variation
Underground channel model for visible light wireless communication based on neural networks
Enhancing the classification of social media opinions by optimizing the structural information
Web Scraping with HTML DOM Method for Data Collection of Scientific Articles from Google Scholar
Robotic process mining: vision and challenges
High-performance work systems, innovation and knowledge sharing
A systematic analysis of the optimization of computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems: a qualitative study in English hospitals
Software systems from smart city vendors
Information Processing, Information Networking, Cognitive Apparatuses and Sentient Software Systems
WAx: An integrated conceptual framework for the analysis of cyber-socio-technical systems
On data lake architectures and metadata management
Interactive planning support systems with citizens: Lessons learned from renewable energy planning in the Netherlands
Professional identity and the adoption of learning management systems
Towards Anticipatory Information Systems and Action: Notes on Early Warning and Early Action in East Africa
Perception and prediction of intention to use online banking systems: An empirical study using extended TAM
Automated verbal autopsy: from research to routine use in civil registration and vital statistics systems
Adaptive event-triggered control for unknown second-order nonlinear multiagent systems
Resource awareness in unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted mobile-edge computing systems
Improved covering-based collaborative filtering for new users’ personalized recommendations
A new model for the selection of information technology project in a neutrosophic environment
Experience versus expectation: Farmers’ perceptions of smart farming technologies for cropping systems across Europe
Agility and the role of project—Internal control systems for innovation project performance
Introducing systems approaches
Decreasing the problematic use of an information system: An empirical investigation of smartphone game players
Off-policy learning in two-stage recommender systems
Efficient neural matrix factorization without sampling for recommendation
Application of k-means clustering algorithm for determination of fire-prone areas utilizing hotspots in West Kalimantan Province
Sentiment word co-occurrence and knowledge pair feature extraction based LDA short text clustering algorithm
Smart contract invocation protocol (SCIP): A protocol for the uniform integration of heterogeneous blockchain smart contracts
Monetizing Online Content: Digital Paywall Design and Configuration
Adaptive systems for internet-delivered psychological treatments
STFT cluster analysis for DC pulsed load monitoring and fault detection on naval shipboard power systems
A decade of NeuroIS research: progress, challenges, and future directions
Examining the channel choice of experience-oriented customers in Omni-Channel retailing
On the ability of virtual agents to decrease cognitive load: an experimental study
Neighborhood multi-granulation rough sets-based attribute reduction using Lebesgue and entropy measures in incomplete neighborhood decision systems
Recursive coupled projection algorithms for multivariable output-error-like systems with coloured noises
A dynamic deep-learning-based virtual edge node placement scheme for edge cloud systems in mobile environment
Dbkwik: extracting and integrating knowledge from thousands of wikis
The determinants of digital payment systems’ acceptance under cultural orientation differences: The case of uncertainty avoidance
Energy systems for climate change mitigation: A systematic review
Helpfulness prediction for online reviews with explicit content-rating interaction
Do advanced information technologies produce equitable government responses in coproduction: an examination of 311 systems in 15 US cities
The future (s) of digital agriculture and sustainable food systems: An analysis of high-level policy documents
A brief history of intelligent decision support systems
Trainable communication systems: Concepts and prototype
A survey of state-of-the-art approaches for emotion recognition in text
Empirical investigation of data analytics capability and organizational flexibility as complements to supply chain resilience
Autonomous litter surveying and human activity monitoring for governance intelligence in coastal eco-cyber-physical systems
Students’ perceptions on learning management systems of Arabic learning through blended learning model
Information technology–based tracing strategy in response to COVID-19 in South Korea—privacy controversies
On privacy of dynamical systems: An optimal probabilistic mapping approach
Analysis of Malware Impact on Network Traffic using Behavior-based Detection Technique
Game-based learning and gamification to improve skills in early years education
Developing Design Principles for Digital Platforms: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Processes, benefits, and challenges for adoption of blockchain technologies in food supply chains: a thematic analysis
Neural Fuzzy Based Intelligent Systems and
How agile software development methods reduce work exhaustion: Insights on role perceptions and organizational skills
Establishment of critical success factors for implementation of product lifecycle management systems
The ethical, legal and social implications of using artificial intelligence systems in breast cancer care
The ethical balance of using smart information systems for promoting the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Sustainability 12: 4826
Quantum Information
Assessing the effectiveness of rural credit policy on the adoption of integrated crop-livestock systems in Brazil
Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and …
Problem-based learning and process modeling in teaching information systems
Semantics for Cyber-Physical Systems: A cross-domain perspective
Measuring User Perspectives on Website Conference Using System Usability Scale
A comprehensive review on indoor air quality monitoring systems for enhanced public health
Business process monitoring on blockchains: Potentials and challenges
A systematic literature review of sparsity issues in recommender systems
Special Issue Editorial–Accumulation and Evolution of Design Knowledge in Design Science Research: A Journey Through Time and Space
Ethics in telehealth: Comparison between guidelines and practice-based experience-the case for learning health systems
Machine learning in business process monitoring: A comparison of deep learning and classical approaches used for outcome prediction
PADS Arsenal: a database of prokaryotic defense systems related genes
A variational autoencoder solution for road traffic forecasting systems: Missing data imputation, dimension reduction, model selection and anomaly detection
Feedback driven improvement of data preparation pipelines
IoT ecosystem: A survey on devices, gateways, operating systems, middleware and communication
Digital transformation and the new logics of business process management
Detecting fraudulent accounts on blockchain: A supervised approach
Quarry: a user-centered big data integration platform
A theoretical framework for the evaluation of massive digital participation systems in urban planning
Gamifying knowledge sharing in humanitarian organisations: a design science journey
Massive access for future wireless communication systems
A systematic review of Community Engagement (CE) in Disaster Early Warning Systems (EWSs)
Anomaly detection in cyber-physical systems using machine learning
RFR-DLVT: a hybrid method for real-time face recognition using deep learning and visual tracking
Characterizing the propagation of situational information in social media during covid-19 epidemic: A case study on weibo
Moving beyond the direct impact of using CRM systems on frontline employees’ service performance: The mediating role of adaptive behaviour
A critical interpretive synthesis of the roles of midwives in health systems
Smart monitoring and controlling of government policies using social media and cloud computing
Advances in smart antenna systems for wireless communication
CAD for Control Systems
Diagnosis support systems for rare diseases: a scoping review
Agents and multi-agent systems as actor-networks
Quaternion Markov Splicing Detection for Color Images Based on Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transform
The effect of perceived similarity in dominance on customer self-disclosure to chatbots in conversational commerce
Developing web-based support systems for predicting poor-performing students using educational data mining techniques
A fuzzy performance evaluation model for government websites based on language property and balanced score card
An affective response model for understanding the acceptance of mobile payment systems
The impact of control styles and control modes on individual-level outcomes: a first test of the integrated IS project control theory
Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How should we define and evaluate faithfulness?
Joint transmit and reflective beamforming design for IRS-assisted multiuser MISO SWIPT systems
Drought risk to agricultural systems in Zimbabwe: A spatial analysis of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability
Dynamical systems and neural networks
A personal data store approach for recommender systems: enhancing privacy without sacrificing accuracy
A participatory approach based on stochastic optimization for the spatial allocation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems for rainwater harvesting.
Keeping Community in the Loop: Understanding Wikipedia Stakeholder Values for Machine Learning-Based Systems
The SOTA approach to engineering collective adaptive systems
Assessing risks of biases in cognitive decision support systems
An enhanced design of sparse autoencoder for latent features extraction based on trigonometric simplexes for network intrusion detection systems
A survey on methods for the safety assurance of machine learning based systems
Cloud-based in-memory columnar database architecture for continuous audit analytics
(Re) considering the concept of literature review reproducibility
Practice Makes Perfect: Lesson Learned from Five Years of Trial and Error Building Context-Aware Systems
Safety assurance mechanisms of collaborative robotic systems in manufacturing
Geographical landslide early warning systems
What Does PISA Tell Us About Performance of Education Systems?
On Using Physical Based Intrusion Detection in SCADA Systems
Digital innovation dynamics influence on organisational adoption: the case of cloud computing services
Bitcoin investment: a mixed methods study of investment motivations
Understanding the role of ICT and study circles in enabling economic opportunities: Lessons learned from an educational project in Kenya
Value cocreation for service innovation: Examining the relationships between service innovativeness, customer participation, and mobile app performance
An alumni assessment of MIS related job skill importance and skill gaps
Leveraging semantic and lexical matching to improve the recall of document retrieval systems: A hybrid approach
The Cyber Threats Analysis for Web Applications Security in Industry 4.0
Smart contracts for blockchain-based reputation systems: A systematic literature review
A survey of recent methods on deriving topics from Twitter: algorithm to evaluation
Modelling and predicting student’s academic performance using classification data mining techniques
The Role of National Health Information Systems in the Response to COVID-19
Epizootogical geo-information systems IOP Conf
Mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Empowering MSMEs in the digital economy: role of accounting information systems
Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Developing Health Management Information Systems: A Practical Guide for Developing Countries. Manila: WHO …
Virtual Assistance in Any Context
Bayesian differential programming for robust systems identification under uncertainty
Distributed set-membership filtering for nonlinear systems subject to round-robin protocol and stochastic communication protocol over sensor networks
A literature review on question answering techniques, paradigms and systems
Architecture of the Security Access System for Information on the State of the Automatic Control Systems of Aircraft
Internal control systems and operating performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ondo state
Contact-tracing apps and alienation in the age of COVID-19
Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres
Evaluation of Gamification in E-Learning Systems for Elementary School Students
On the use of hierarchical fuzzy inference systems (HFIS) in expert-based landslide susceptibility mapping: the central part of the Rif Mountains (Morocco)
Online heart monitoring systems on the internet of health things environments: A survey, a reference model and an outlook
Blackboard systems for cognitive audition
Double-spending analysis of bitcoin
Performance degradation prediction of mechanical equipment based on optimized multi-kernel relevant vector machine and fuzzy information granulation
Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies in healthcare systems problems
Curiosity from the perspective of systems neuroscience
Vision statement: Interactive materials—Drivers of future robotic systems
Corecube: Core decomposition in multilayer graphs
Homomorphic encryption of supervisory control systems using automata
Indoor air quality monitoring systems for enhanced living environments: A review toward sustainable smart cities
Surprise: A python library for recommender systems
Consensus of multi-agent systems via fully distributed event-triggered control
Information-theoretic aspects of neural networks
How do interruptions affect user contributions on social commerce?
Identifying at-risk students based on the phased prediction model
Zero-Forcing Oriented Power Minimization for Multi-Cell MISO-NOMA Systems: A Joint User Grouping, Beamforming, and Power Control Perspective
Associations between two athlete monitoring systems used to quantify external training loads in basketball players
Topic modeling: a comprehensive review
Geometrical bounds of the irreversibility in Markovian systems
Sediment information on natural and anthropogenic-induced change of connected water systems in Chagan Lake, North China
BD-VTE: a novel baseline data based verifiable trust evaluation scheme for smart network systems
Cooperative CC–CV Charging of Supercapacitors Using Multicharger Systems
ECG monitoring systems: Review, architecture, processes, and key challenges
Estimating network effects in two-sided markets
Auditing news curation systems: A case study examining algorithmic and editorial logic in apple news
Extended dissipative sliding mode control for nonlinear networked control systems via event-triggered mechanism with random uncertain measurement
Enhancing transport properties in interconnected systems without altering their structure
Semi-automatic Eye Movement-Controlled Wheelchair Using Low-Cost Embedded System
Novel efficient RNN and LSTM-like architectures: Recurrent and gated broad learning systems and their applications for text classification
A survey of neural networks usage for intrusion detection systems
The development of stationary battery storage systems in Germany–A market review
Deep reinforcement learning for intelligent transportation systems: A survey
Code analysis for intelligent cyber systems: A data-driven approach
Smart management energy systems in industry 4.0
Trustworthiness in industrial IoT systems based on artificial intelligence
A grant-free random access scheme for M2M communication in massive MIMO systems
Responding to COVID-19: the UW medicine information technology services experience
Kypo4industry: A testbed for teaching cybersecurity of industrial control systems
Urban systems and the role of big data
Adjusting to epidemic-induced telework: empirical insights from teleworkers in France
GAN-driven personalized spatial-temporal private data sharing in cyber-physical social systems
A novel framework for backstepping-based control of discrete-time strict-feedback nonlinear systems with multiplicative noises
Blocksim: An extensible simulation tool for blockchain systems
Modeling and verification method for an early evaluation of Systems of Systems interactions
Path prediction in IoT systems through Markov Chain algorithm
6G wireless communication systems: Applications, requirements, technologies, challenges, and research directions
Multiple writer retrieval systems based on language independent dissimilarity learning
District energy systems: Challenges and new tools for planning and evaluation
Framework for managing the COVID-19 infodemic: methods and results of an online, crowdsourced WHO technical consultation
From panopticon to heautopticon: A new form of surveillance introduced by quantified‐self practices
Assessing Novelty and Systems Thinking in Conceptual Models of Technological Systems
A many-objective optimization WSN energy balance model
Blockchain-based identity management systems: A review
Performance Evaluation of Snort and Suricata Intrusion Detection Systems on Ubuntu Server
Author’s approach to the topological modeling of parallel computing systems
A comparative analysis of tax systems in Russia and Germany
Machine learning force fields and coarse-grained variables in molecular dynamics: application to materials and biological systems
Coordination and management of cloud, fog and edge resources in SDN-VANETs using fuzzy logic: a comparison study for two fuzzy-based systems
Fuzzy test model for performance evaluation matrix of service operating systems
Deep context modeling for multi-turn response selection in dialogue systems
An expert system gap analysis and empirical triangulation of individual differences, interventions, and information technology applications in alertness of railroad …
Application of intelligent multi agent based systems for E-healthcare security
Hidden fuzzy information: Requirement specification and measurement of project provider performance using the best worst method
Photoferroelectric Thin Films for Flexible Systems by a Three‐in‐One Solution‐Based Approach
A cloud-edge based data security architecture for sharing and analysing cyber threat information
Adaptive Observer-Based Output Regulation of Multiagent Systems With Communication Constraints
A fault diagnosis method for power transmission networks based on spiking neural P systems with self-updating rules considering biological apoptosis …
Understanding massively multiplayer online role‐playing game addiction: A hedonic management perspective
Interoperability and integration testing methods for IoT systems: A systematic mapping study
Proxy tasks and subjective measures can be misleading in evaluating explainable ai systems
Emptransfo: A multi-head transformer architecture for creating empathetic dialog systems
The case of performance variability on dragonfly-based systems
IT reliability and its influence on the results of controlling: comparative analysis of organizations functioning in Poland and Switzerland
Worker stress in the age of mobile technology: The combined effects of perceived interruption overload and worker control
Fair Outlier Detection
Evaluation framework for smart disaster response systems in uncertainty environment
Distributed bipartite tracking consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems with quantized communication
A decentralized artificial immune system for solution selection in cyber–physical systems
I am Me: Brain systems integrate and segregate to establish a multidimensional sense of self
Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural and food systems worldwide and on progress to the sustainable development goals
Resource-efficient neural networks for embedded systems
COVID-19: challenges to GIS with big data
Transparency in complex computational systems
Practical synchronization in networks of nonlinear heterogeneous agents with application to power systems
A framework for sustainable contact tracing and exposure investigation for large health systems
Cyber-physical systems research and education in 2030: Scenarios and strategies
Web-based digital twin modeling and remote control of cyber-physical production systems
Efficiency creep and shadow innovation: enacting ambidextrous IT Governance in the public sector
Performance Based Planning of complex urban social-ecological systems: The quest for sustainability through the promotion of resilience
Anomaly detection in smart homes using bayesian networks
Improving recommender systems using co-appearing and semantically correlated user interests
Security policies and implementation issues
Identification of instantaneous anomalies in general aviation operations using energy metrics
Reinforcement learning in sustainable energy and electric systems: A survey
Cultural influence on e-government development
Thermodynamic resources in continuous-variable quantum systems
Physical safety and cyber security analysis of multi-agent systems: A survey of recent advances
Quantum vs. classical information: operator negativity as a probe of scrambling
Dynamical and thermodynamical approaches to open quantum systems
Brain-inspired systems: A transdisciplinary exploration on cognitive cybernetics, humanity, and systems science toward autonomous artificial intelligence
Using semantic markup to boost context awareness for assistive systems
Authoritarianism, outbreaks, and information politics
Towards dynamic dependable systems through evidence-based continuous certification
Technologies and systems to improve mobility of visually impaired people: a state of the art
Clinical managers’ identity at the crossroad of multiple institutional logics in it innovation: The case study of a health care organization in England
Multi-agent direct current systems using renewable energy sources and hydrogen fuel cells
Interpretable confidence measures for decision support systems
Nonstationary control for TS fuzzy Markovian switching systems with variable quantization density
Mitigating the intrusive effects of smart home assistants by using anthropomorphic design features: A multimethod investigation
AoI-optimal joint sampling and updating for wireless powered communication systems
Machine learning based decision making for time varying systems: parameter estimation and performance optimization
A case study of agile software development for safety-Critical systems projects
The phishing funnel model: A design artifact to predict user susceptibility to phishing websites
Online display advertising markets: A literature review and future directions
Future prospects of information warfare and particularly psychological operations
Attacking machine learning systems
What is the relationship among positive emotions, sense of presence, and ease of interaction in virtual reality systems? An on-site evaluation of a commercial virtual …
Quantum computer systems for scientific discovery
Lizards in the Street! Introducing Cybersecurity Awareness in a Digital Literacy Context.
From microbial communities to distributed computing systems
Autonomous systems in anesthesia: Where do we stand in 2020? A narrative review
Balancing health privacy, health information exchange, and research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Editor’s comments: The COVID-19 pandemic: Building resilience with IS research
Scenario-based development of intelligent transportation systems for road freight transport in Germany
Simulation in the design and operation of manufacturing systems: state of the art and new trends
Understanding adversarial attacks on deep learning based medical image analysis systems
Management of distributed energy systems on the basis of optimization methods and expert approaches
Breaking into the curriculum: The impact of information technology on schooling
Hybrid quantum systems with circuit quantum electrodynamics
The effects of high performance work systems in employees’ service-oriented OCB
Entanglement in indistinguishable particle systems
Integrated deep learning method for workload and resource prediction in cloud systems
Training or Synergizing? Complex Systems Principles Change the Understanding of Sport Processes
Intelligent forecasting with machine learning trading systems in chaotic intraday Bitcoin market
Effect of ground surface interpolation methods on the accuracy of forest attribute modelling using unmanned aerial systems-based digital aerial photogrammetry
The food systems in the era of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic crisis
A qualitative content analysis of nurses’ comfort and employment of workarounds with electronic documentation systems in home care practice
From lurkers to workers: predicting voluntary contribution and community welfare
Formation-containment control of multi-robot systems under a stochastic sampling mechanism
Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption
Using requirement-functional-logical-physical models to support early assembly process planning for complex aircraft systems integration
A flood risk assessment framework for interdependent infrastructure systems in coastal environments
Deepmaker: A multi-objective optimization framework for deep neural networks in embedded systems
A Framework for Risk Assessment in Collaborative Networks to Promote Sustainable Systems in Innovation Ecosystems
A survey on adversarial recommender systems: from attack/defense strategies to generative adversarial networks
Logistics Optimization of Agricultural Products Supply to the European Union Based on Modeling by Petri Nets
Perceived control and perceived risk in self-service technology recovery
Multisensorial generative and descriptive self-awareness models for autonomous systems
Distributed fusion filter for nonlinear multi-sensor systems with correlated noises
Improving the security of internet of things using cryptographic algorithms: A case of smart irrigation systems
Self-optimizing machining systems
EARL—Embodied agent-based robot control systems modelling language
MAMBA: A multi-armed bandit framework for beam tracking in millimeter-wave systems
Digital transformation of business ecosystems: Evidence from the Korean pop industry
Health care service delivery based on the Internet of things: A systematic and comprehensive study
A Genetic algorithm for multi-objective reconfiguration of balanced and unbalanced distribution systems in fuzzy framework
Selection of intermediate routes for secure data communication systems using graph theory application and grey wolf optimisation algorithm in MANETs
New closed-loop insulin systems
Realization of AI-enhanced industrial automation systems using intelligent Digital Twins
Shadow systems in assessment: how supervisors make progress decisions in practice
TREC-COVID: rationale and structure of an information retrieval shared task for COVID-19
Data driven approach to risk management and decision support for dynamic positioning systems
Enterprise systems in transition economies: research landscape and framework for socioeconomic development
Tensors and compositionality in neural systems
Towards byzantine-resilient learning in decentralized systems
Compositional systems: overview and applications
Electrical Systems and Mechatronics
Separable multi‐innovation stochastic gradient estimation algorithm for the nonlinear dynamic responses of systems
Object detection with low capacity GPU systems using improved faster R-CNN
Teaching Software Engineering for Al-Enabled Systems
Introduction to the Theory of Radiopolarimetric Navigation Systems
Spatial disparities in coronavirus incidence and mortality in the United States: an ecological analysis as of May 2020
The neural and computational systems of social learning
Sample complexity of kalman filtering for unknown systems
Modeling and assessing cyber resilience of smart grid using Bayesian network-based approach: a system of systems problem
Systems of neutrosophic linear equations
Performance-Driven Analysis for an Adaptive Car-Navigation Service on HPC Systems
Early warning systems in biosecurity; translating risk into action in predictive systems for invasive alien species
Internet of things in sustainable energy systems
A polynomial-membership-function approach for stability analysis of fuzzy systems
Designing for ambient UX: design framework for managing user experience within cyber-physical systems
NNV: The neural network verification tool for deep neural networks and learning-enabled cyber-physical systems
Big Spatiotemporal Data Analytics: A research and innovation frontier
Navigating the gender structure in information technology: How does this affect the experiences and behaviours of women?
Water electrolysers with closed and open electrochemical systems
A Generic Network Compression Framework for Sequential Recommender Systems
Indoor positioning and wayfinding systems: a survey
Improve three-dimensional point localization accuracy in stereo vision systems using a novel camera calibration method
Mapping with unmanned aerial vehicles systems: A Case Study of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University Campus
An overview of perception and decision-making in autonomous systems in the era of learning
Work design in future industrial production: Transforming towards cyber-physical systems
Security in Telehealth Systems From a Software Engineering Viewpoint: A Systematic Mapping Study
Applying process mining and semantic reasoning for process model customisation in healthcare
The mediating influence of smartwatch identity on deep use and innovative individual performance
An infrastructure for embedded systems using task scheduling
Geographic information research: Bridging the Atlantic
Method towards discovering potential opportunity information during cross-organisational business processes using role identification analysis within complex social …
An optimization approach for deployment of intelligent transportation systems wrong-way driving countermeasures
Extensions of prioritized weighted aggregation operators for decision-making under complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy information
Automated guided vehicle systems, state-of-the-art control algorithms and techniques
Developing theory through integrating human and machine pattern recognition
Multi-dimensional well-being associated with economic dependence on ecosystem services in deltaic social-ecological systems of Bangladesh
Architecture and Security of SCADA Systems: A Review
Black-box control for linear dynamical systems
Biologically Inspired Visual System Architecture for Object Recognition in Autonomous Systems
Exploring the influential factors of continuance intention to use mobile Apps: Extending the expectation confirmation model
Security modelling and formal verification of survivability properties: Application to cyber–physical systems
Influence function based data poisoning attacks to top-n recommender systems
Memory-based continuous event-triggered control for networked TS fuzzy systems against cyber-attacks
Rational Mutual Interactions in Ternary Systems Enable High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Augmenting the algorithm: Emerging human-in-the-loop work configurations
Information radiation in BCFT models of black holes
Learning to localize: A 3D CNN approach to user positioning in massive MIMO-OFDM systems
Anesthetic management using multiple closed-loop systems and delayed neurocognitive recovery: a randomized controlled trial
Many Exciplex Systems Exhibit Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence
Identification and categorization of factors affecting duration of post-disaster reconstruction of interdependent transportation systems
Singularity-free fixed-time fuzzy control for robotic systems with user-defined performance
Integration of digital twin and deep learning in cyber‐physical systems: towards smart manufacturing
HRM systems and employee affective commitment: the role of employee gender
Resilience for smart water systems
Architectural Models Enabled Dynamic Optimization for System-of-Systems Evolution
An effective method of systems requirement optimization based on genetic algorithms
Monitoring of farm-level antimicrobial use to guide stewardship: overview of existing systems and analysis of key components and processes
Using a ‘rich picture’to facilitate systems thinking in research coproduction
Deep reinforcement learning for the real time control of stormwater systems
Systems-based strategies to consider treatment costs in clinical practice
Vibrational mono-/bi-resonance and wave propagation in FitzHugh–Nagumo neural systems under electromagnetic induction
Digital twins in smart farming
Improved depth resolution and depth-of-field in temporal integral imaging systems through non-uniform and curved time-lens array
A blockchain use case in food distribution: Do you know where your food has been?
Determinants of cloud ERP adoption in Jordan: an exploratory study
The progress of multi-omics technologies: determining function in lactic acid bacteria using a systems level approach
Towards high performance living manufacturing systems-A new convergence between biology and engineering
Enterprise architecture implementation as interpersonal connection: Building support and commitment
Political communication on social media: A tale of hyperactive users and bias in recommender systems
PEtab—Interoperable specification of parameter estimation problems in systems biology
Architecting business process maps
An elliptic curve cryptography based enhanced anonymous authentication protocol for wearable health monitoring systems
Highly-scalable traffic management of autonomous industrial transportation systems
Healthcare informatics and analytics in big data
Real-time incident prediction for online service systems
IoT-based smart irrigation systems: An overview on the recent trends on sensors and IoT systems for irrigation in precision agriculture
Fault-tolerant GNSS/SINS/DVL/CNS integrated navigation and positioning mechanism based on adaptive information sharing factors
Criticality evaluation to support maintenance management of manufacturing systems
Metamodelling in the information field
A Study of Accelerometer and Gyroscope Measurements in Physical Life-Log Activities Detection Systems
Coronavirus infections reported by ProMED, february 2000–january 2020
Digital healthcare: The only solution for better healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic?
Putting Teacher Evaluation Systems on the Map: An Overview of State’s Teacher Evaluation Systems Post-Every Student Succeeds Act.
The role of surrogate models in the development of digital twins of dynamic systems
Investigating potential factors associated with gender discrimination in collaborative recommender systems
New results on stabilization analysis for fuzzy semi-Markov jump chaotic systems with state quantized sampled-data controller
Detecting semantic bugs in autopilot software by classifying anomalous variables
Probabilistic framework to evaluate the resilience of engineering systems using Bayesian and dynamic Bayesian networks
Blockchain and machine learning for communications and networking systems
Advancing remote healthcare using humanoid and affective systems
Memory-event-trigger-based secure control of cloud-aided active suspension systems against deception attacks
Pollution potential and causative hydrogeochemical processes in unconfined aquifer systems in a typical urban setting: emphasis on recharge and discharge …
Data impact analysis in business processes
Coherence of accounting systems: transcendence of content and immunity of purpose
Sensor technologies for fall detection systems: A review
The combination of e-bike-sharing and demand-responsive transport systems in rural areas: A case study of Velenje
Convexified contextual optimization for on-the-fly control of smooth systems
Low-complexity channel estimation for circular and noncircular signals in virtual MIMO vehicle communication systems
Bipartite consensus for networked robotic systems with quantized-data interactions
Recursive parameter estimation methods and convergence analysis for a special class of nonlinear systems
L₁ control of positive semi-Markov jump systems with state delay
Brief survey on attack detection methods for cyber-physical systems
Information disclosure structure in supply chains with rental service platforms in the blockchain technology era
Extracting maritime traffic networks from AIS data using evolutionary algorithm
A time and energy saving-based frame adjustment strategy (TES-FAS) tag identification algorithm for UHF RFID systems
Automated systems for perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic therapy
Optimal estimation of low-rank factors via feature level data fusion of multiplex signal systems
The impact of COVID‐19 on food systems, safety, and security—a symposium report
Policy-driven neural response generation for knowledge-grounded dialogue systems
Event-based fault-tolerant control for networked control systems applied to aircraft engine system
Cyberphysical systems in the smart city: challenges and future trends for strategic research
High-power portable terahertz laser systems
Flourishing Systems Re-envisioning Infrastructure as a Platform for Human Flourishing
Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control for stochastic nonlinear systems with unmeasured states and unknown backlash-like hysteresis
Self-testing of quantum systems: a review
Synthesizing Systems Biology Knowledge from Omics Using Genome‐Scale Models
Effective construction of classifiers with the k-NN method supported by a concept ontology
Towards a framework for capturing interpretability of hierarchical fuzzy systems-a participatory design approach
Trade-offs in online advertising: Advertising effectiveness and annoyance dynamics across the purchase funnel
Factors propelling the adoption of internet banking: the role of e-customer service, website design, brand image and customer satisfaction
MAPCAST: an Adaptive Control Approach using Predictive Analytics for Energy Balance in Micro-Grid Systems
Scalable reinforcement learning of localized policies for multi-agent networked systems
Spatial sparsity based secure transmission strategy for massive MIMO systems against simultaneous jamming and eavesdropping
Clustering-aided multi-view classification: A case study on Android malware detection
Analyzing situational awareness through public opinion to predict adoption of social distancing amid pandemic COVID‐19
Amino acids in freshwater food webs: Assessing their variability among taxa, trophic levels, and systems
How Incidental are the Incidents? Characterizing and Prioritizing Incidents for Large-Scale Online Service Systems
Integration of building service systems in architectural design.
Detailed Assessment of Embodied Carbon of HVAC Systems for a New Office Building Based on BIM
A risk perception analysis on the use of electronic payment systems by young adult
Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic
Improving the performance of process discovery algorithms by instance selection
3D digital impression systems compared with traditional techniques in dentistry: A recent data systematic review
Information technology law
Combating COVID-19—The role of robotics in managing public health and infectious diseases
A survey on filtering issues for two-dimensional systems: Advances and challenges
Performance evaluation for manufacturing systems under control-limit maintenance policy
6G and beyond: The future of wireless communications systems
Models for the development of multi-level gas supply systems
Security control of cyber-physical switched systems under round-robin protocol: input-to-state stability in probability
A compilation of UAV applications for precision agriculture
Hybrid Reciprocal Recommender Systems: Integrating Item-to-User Principles in Reciprocal Recommendation
The need to reconcile concepts that characterize systems facing threats
Torque and rotational speed sensor based on resistance and capacitive grating for rotational shaft of mechanical systems
The Digital Twin Paradigm for Smarter Systems and Environments: The Industry Use Cases
Big data and business analytics: A research agenda for realizing business value
Extended dissipativity asynchronous static output feedback control of Markov jump systems
Markov blankets, information geometry and stochastic thermodynamics
Football-specific validity of TRACAB’s optical video tracking systems
An approach based on mutually informed neural networks to optimize the generalization capabilities of decision support systems developed for heart failure prediction
Performance limits for fingerprinting-based indoor optical communication positioning systems exploiting multipath reflections
Akhmedjanov Karimjon Normative and methodological regulation of internal audit in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Disturbance-observer based consensus of linear multi-agent systems with exogenous disturbance under intermittent communication
LIMITS: Lightweight machine learning for IoT systems with resource limitations
Network device workload prediction: A data mining challenge at knowledge pit
Performance optimization of IoT based biological systems using deep learning
Spatial-temporal data-driven service recommendation with privacy-preservation
Stochastic Transceiver Optimization in Multi-Tags Symbiotic Radio Systems
Industrial cyber-physical systems-based cloud IoT edge for federated heterogeneous distillation
Industry 4.0 and the human factor–A systems framework and analysis methodology for successful development
Intelligent traffic control for autonomous vehicle systems based on machine learning
Dynamic pilot allocation scheme for joint user grouping and alliance game in massive MIMO systems
Comparing rapid scoring systems in mortality prediction of critically ill patients with novel coronavirus disease
Innovative IT use and innovating with IT: A study of the motivational antecedents of two different types of innovative behaviors
Joint multi-innovation recursive extended least squares parameter and state estimation for a class of state-space systems
Achievable rate optimization for MIMO systems with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Principles and practice of management
Probing effective wetting in subsurface systems
Structural Systems Theory: an overview of the last 15 years
Multidisciplinary and multifidelity framework for evaluating system-of-systems capabilities of unmanned aircraft
CSI feedback overhead reduction for 5g massive mimo systems
Channel estimation for extremely large-scale massive MIMO systems
Learning systems: Managing uncertainty in the new normal of COVID-19
Smart Collaborative Balancing for Dependable Network Components in Cyber-Physical Systems
State Machine Fault Protection Architecture for Aerospace Vehicle Guidance, Navigation, and Control
Optimizing ontology alignment in vector space
Intelligent and connected cyber-physical systems: A perspective from connected autonomous vehicles
Do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems for people living with type 1 diabetes
Development of a novel tool to support engagement with continuous glucose monitoring systems and optimize outcomes
BLCS: Brain-like based distributed control security in cyber physical systems
Speckle denoising techniques in imaging systems
Secure transmission designs for NOMA systems against internal and external eavesdropping
Memory-Efficient Learning of Stable Linear Dynamical Systems for Prediction and Control
Learning paradigms for communication and computing technologies in IoT systems
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for general open quantum systems
Big Data analytics and Computational Intelligence for Cyber–Physical Systems: Recent trends and state of the art applications
Gait-based identification for elderly users in wearable healthcare systems
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for …
Cyber-Physical Systems and Reliability Issues
Prediction of users’ professional profile in moocs only by utilising learners’ written texts
A roadmap to integrate astrocytes into Systems Neuroscience
COVID-19 and dengue, co-epidemics in Ecuador and other countries in Latin America: pushing strained health care systems over the edge
Actual issues of electronic commerce development in the republic of Uzbekistan
Thoughts on Using Systems Thinking to Develop Chemistry Students’ Professional Skills
Omics in systems biology: Current progress and future outlook
Robust beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface aided MISO communication systems
Automated License Plate Recognition using Existing University Infrastructure and Different Camera Angles
Public budgeting systems
Fuzzy adaptive finite-time fault-tolerant control for strict-feedback nonlinear systems
Volt-VAR-Pressure Optimization of Integrated Energy Systems with Hydrogen Injection
Tracking urban geo-topics based on dynamic topic model
Detection of probe flow anomalies using information entropy and random forest method
Exploring the rhetoric of international professional communication: An agenda for teachers and researchers
A synergic framework for cyber-physical production systems in the context of Industry 4.0 and beyond
Electronic medical record systems: Decision support examination framework for individual, security and privacy concerns using multi-perspective analysis
Self-assembled extended π-systems for sensing and security applications
River toxicity assessment using molecular biosensors: Heavy metal contamination in the Turag-Balu-Buriganga river systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh
A novel adaptive fuzzy control for output constrained stochastic non-strict feedback nonlinear systems
Assessment Modeling: Fundamental Pre-training Tasks for Interactive Educational Systems
Fault detection for uncertain LPV systems using probabilistic set-membership parity relation
Information scrambling and loschmidt echo
Event-triggered fuzzy bipartite tracking control for network systems based on distributed reduced-order observers (revised manuscript of TFS-2019-1049)
Students’ use of learning management systems and desired e-learning experiences: are they ready for next generation digital learning environments?
Theoretical and experimental possibilities to set up some sensors systems involved in active safety process
Hyperparameter optimization in CNN for learning-centered emotion recognition for intelligent tutoring systems
Diet: Lightweight language understanding for dialogue systems
Clarify the physical process for fractional dynamical systems
Enterprise system lifecycle-wide innovation
Coverage, probability of SNR gain, and DOR analysis of RIS-aided communication systems
Gradient estimation algorithms for the parameter identification of bilinear systems using the auxiliary model
Neurobiology of systems memory consolidation
Use of apps in the COVID-19 response and the loss of privacy protection
Using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model to describe critical care nursing during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic (2020)
Semantics of the Black-Box: Can knowledge graphs help make deep learning systems more interpretable and explainable?
Robust finite-time fault-tolerant control for networked control systems with random delays: A Markovian jump system approach
Quantifying the impacts of climate change and extreme climate events on energy systems
Helping university students to choose elective courses by using a hybrid multi-criteria recommendation system with genetic optimization
A prospect theory-based QUALIFLEX for uncertain linguistic Z-number multi-criteria decision-making with unknown weight information
IBM Q Experience as a versatile experimental testbed for simulating open quantum systems
From smart farming towards agriculture 5.0: A review on crop data management
Optimal control in partially observable complex social systems
Determinant Factors’ Impact on Managerial Performance through Management Accounting Systems in Indonesia
Q (λ) learning-based dynamic route guidance algorithm for overhead hoist transport systems in semiconductor fabs
On course, but not there yet: Enterprise architecture conformance and benefits in systems development
Robust machine learning systems: Challenges, current trends, perspectives, and the road ahead
TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languages
Securing internet of medical things systems: limitations, issues and recommendations
Bridging entanglement dynamics and chaos in semiclassical systems
A survey of IoT applications in blockchain systems: Architecture, consensus, and traffic modeling
Compositional cyber-physical systems modeling
Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical systems: similarities and differences
Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach
Augmenting traffic signal control systems for urban road networks with connected vehicles

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412 Computers Topics & Essay Examples

🏆 best computers topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics about computers, 💡 easy computer science essay topics, 🥇 computer science argumentative essay topics, 🎓 good research topics about computers, 🔍 interesting computer topics to write about, ❓ computer essay questions.

Looking for interesting topics about computer science? Look no further! Check out this list of trending computer science essay topics for your studies. Whether you’re a high school, college, or postgraduate student, you will find a suitable title for computer essay in this list.

Life Without Computers Essay One of the major contributions of the computer technology in the world has been the enhancement of the quality of communication.
How Computers Affect Our Lives In the entertainment industry, many of the movies and even songs will not be in use without computers because most of the graphics used and the animations we see are only possible with the help […]
Computer Use in Schools: Effects on the Education Field The learning efficiency of the student is significantly increased by the use of computers since the student is able to make use of the learning model most suited to him/her.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Graphics Essay One is able to put all of his/her ideas in a model, carry out tests on the model using graphical applications, and then make possible changes.
The Causes and Effect of the Computer Revolution Starting the discussion with the positive effect of the issue, it should be stated that the implementation of the computer technologies in the modern world has lead to the fact that most of the processes […]
Are We Too Dependent on Computers? The duration taken to restore the machine varies depending on the cause of the breakdown, expertise of the repairing engineer and the resources needed to restore the machine.
Apex Computers: Problems of Motivation Among Subordinates In the process of using intangible incentives, it is necessary to use, first of all, recognition of the merits of employees.
Impact of Computers on Business This paper seeks to explore the impact of the computer and technology, as well as the variety of its aspects, on the business world.
Impact on Operations Resources of JIT at Dell Computer JIT inventory system stresses on the amount of time required to produce the correct order; at the right place and the right time.
Dependency on Computers For example, even the author of this paper is not only using the computer to type the essay but they are also relying on the grammar checker to correct any grammatical errors in the paper. […]
Impact of Computer Based Communication It started by explaining the impact of the internet in general then the paper will concentrate on the use of Instant Messaging and blogs.
Computer Technology: Evolution and Developments The development of computer technology is characterized by the change in the technology used in building the devices. The semiconductors in the computers were improved to increase the scale of operation with the development of […]
Are We Too Dependent on Computers? To reinforce this assertion, this paper shall consider the various arguments put forward in support of the view that computers are not overused. This demonstrates that in the education field, computers only serve as a […]
Computer’s Memory Management Memory management is one of the primary responsibilities of the OS, a role that is achieved by the use of the memory management unit.
Computer Hardware: Past, Present, and Future Overall, one can identify several important trends that profoundly affected the development of hardware, and one of them is the need to improve its design, functionality, and capacity.
Solutions to Computer Viruses Efforts should also be made to ensure that once a computer system is infected with viruses, the information saved in it is salvaged.
Pointing Devices of Human-Computer Interaction The footpad also has a navigation ball that is rolled to the foot to move the cursor on a computer screen.
Computers vs. Humans: What Can They Do? The differences between a human being and a computer can be partly explained by looking at their reaction to an external stimulus. To demonstrate this point, one can refer to chess computers that can assess […]
The Use of Computers in the Aviation Industry The complicated nature of the software enables the Autopilot to capture all information related to an aircraft’s current position and uses the information to guide the aircraft’s control system.
The Impact of Computer-Based Technologies on Business Communication The Importance of Facebook to Business Communication Facebook is one of the most popular social networking tools among college students and businesspersons. Blogs and Facebook can be used for the benefit of an organization.
Print and Broadcast Computer Advertisements The use of pictures and words to bring out the special features in any given computer and types of computers is therefore crucial in this type of advertisement because people have to see to be […]
Impact of Computer Technology on Economy and Social Life The rapid development of technologies and computer-human interactions influences not only the individual experience of a person but also the general conditions of social relations.
Resolving Software Problem: Timberjack Company The former thought that it would be more efficient to outline the scope and directions of the software project in just few pages and give it to specialists which would realize it.
How to Build a Computer? Preparation and Materials In order to build a personal computer, it is necessary to choose the performance that you want by considering the aspects such as the desired processor speed, the memory, and storage capacity. […]
Advantages of Using Computers at Work I have learned what I hoped to learn in that I have become more aware of the advantages of using computers and why I should not take them for granted.
Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction It is a scope of study that explores how individuals view and ponder about computer related technologies, and also investigates both the human restrictions and the features that advance usability of computer structures.
Human-Computer Interface in Nursing Practice HCI in the healthcare impacts the quality of the care and patients’ safety since it influences communication among care providers and between the latter and their clients.
Computers Will Not Replace Teachers On the other hand, real teachers can emotionally connect and relate to their students; in contrast, computers do not possess feeling and lack of empathy.
Challenges of Computer Technology Computer Technologies and Geology In fact, computer technologies are closely connected to any sphere of life, and it is not surprisingly that geology has a kind of dependence from the development of computers and innovative […]
Computer Network Types and Classification For a computer to be functional it must meet three basic requirements, which are it must provide services, communications and most of all a connection whether wireless or physical.the connection is generally the hardware in […]
Negative Impacts of Computer Technology For instance, they can erase human memory, enhance the ability of human memory, boost the effectiveness of the brain, utilize the human senses in computer systems, and also detect anomalies in the human body. The […]
The Drawbacks of Computers in Human Lives Since the invention of computers, they have continued to be a blessing in many ways and more specifically changing the lives of many people.
How Computer Works? In order for a computer to function, stuff such as data or programs have to be put through the necessary hardware, where they would be processed to produce the required output.
Computers Have Changed Education for the Better Considering the significant effects that computers have had in the educational field, this paper will set out to illustrate how computer systems have changed education for the better.
Use of Robots in Computer Science Currently, the most significant development in the field of computer science is the inclusion of robots as teaching tools. The use of robots in teaching computer science has significantly helped to endow students with valuable […]
Implementing Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in EFL Classrooms CALL modifies the role of both the teacher and student in the process of language learning drastically. The implementation of CALL in EFL settings should enhance the learning outcomes of learners and facilitate the meeting […]
The American Military and the Evolution of Computer Technology From the Early 1940s to Early 1960s During the 1940s-1960, the American military was the only wouldriver’ of computer development and innovations.”Though most of the research work took place at universities and in commercial firms, military research organizations such as the Office […]
Dell Computer Corporation: Competitive Advantages Rivkin et al.claim that Dell remains a company to beat in the personal computer industry despite the initiatives the rival companies have taken.
Key Issues Concerning Computer Security, Ethics, and Privacy The issues facing computer use such as defense, ethics, and privacy continue to rise with the advent of extra ways of information exchange.
Doing Business in India: Outsourcing Manufacturing Activities of a New Tablet Computer to India Another aim of the report is to analyse the requirements for the establishment of the company in India, studying the competitors in the industry and their experience.
Mathematics as a Basis in Computer Science For example, my scores in physics and chemistry were also comparable to those I obtained in mathematics, a further testament to the importance of mathematics in other disciplines.
Computer System Review and Upgrade The main purpose of this computer program is going to be the more effective identification of the hooligan groups and their organisation with the purpose to reduce the violation actions.
Apple Inc.’s Competitive Advantages in Computer Industry Competitive advantage is significant in any company A prerequisite of success It enhances sustainable profit growth It shows the company’s strengths Apple Inc.explores its core competencies to achieve it Apple Inc.is led by Tim […]
Computer Network: Data Flow and Protocol Layering The diagram below shows a simplex communication mode Half-duplex mode is one in which the flow of data is multidirectional; that is, information flow in both directions.
Ethical and Illegal Computer Hacking For the ethical hackers, they pursue hacking in order to identify the unexploited areas or determine weaknesses in systems in order to fix them.
Computers R Us Company’s Customer Satisfaction The company uses a survey to draw data-driven conclusions about the current customer satisfaction level within the business and the strategies that will most effectively increase their customer satisfaction.
Hands-on Training Versus Computer Based Training From the above comparison of hands-on training and computer based training, it can be concluded that a company or an institution should choose its training methodology carefully.
Computers in Education: More a Boon Than a Bane Thus, one of the greatest advantages of the computer as a tool in education is the fact that it builds the child’s capacity to learn things independently.
Computer-Based Technologies That Assist People With Disabilities The visually impaired To assist the visually impaired to use computers, there are Braille computer keyboards and Braille display to enable them to enter information and read it. Most of these devices are very expensive […]
Computer Laboratory Staff and Their Work This will depend on the discretion of the staff to look into it that the rules that have been set in the system are followed dully. This is the work of the staff in this […]
Boot Process of a CISCO Router and Computer An understanding of the processes that would help in setting up the configuration of a router and its various elements can lead to relating the booting process of the router to that of any other […]
Computer-Based Systems Effective Implementation Under this methodology, there is a provision that gives attention to the needs of the people involved in the organization about the demands of the technology.
The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education Of course, there are certain benefits of computers and the abilities children may get, however, it is necessary to remember about the limits and pay enough attention to active life, healthy food, and real communication […]
Ethics in Computer Technology: Cybercrimes The first one is the category of crimes that are executed using a computer as a weapon. The second type of crime is the one that uses a computer as an accessory to the crime.
Computer-Based Communication Technology in Business Communication: Instant Messages and Wikis To solve the problems within the chosen filed, it is necessary to make people ready to challenges and provide them with the necessary amount of knowledge about IN and wikis’ peculiarities and properly explain the […]
Computer Technology in the Student Registration Process The registration process became more efficient due to the reduction in the number of registration staff because they are only tasked with the transfer of the students’ information to their respective departments.
Corporate Governance in Satyam Computer Services LTD The Chief Executive Officer of the company in the UK serves as the chairman of the board, but his/her powers are controlled by the other board members.
Computer-Aided Design in Knitted Apparel and Technical Textiles In doing so, the report provides an evaluation of the external context of CAD, a summary of the technology, and the various potential applications and recommendations of CAD.
Career Options for a Computer Programmer Once the system or software has been installed and is running, the computer programmer’s focus is on offering support in maintaining the system.
Computers and Transformation From 1980 to 2020 The humanity dreams about innovative technologies and quantum machines, allowing to make the most complicated mathematical calculations in billionths of a second but forgets how quickly the progress of computers has occurred for the last […]
Computer Security: Bell-Lapadula & Biba Models Cybersecurity policies require the formulation and implementation of security access control models like the Bell-LaPadula and the Biba, to successfully ensure availability, integrity, and confidentiality of information flows via network access.
The Concept of Computer Hardware and Software The physical devices can still be the components that are responsible for the execution of the programs in a computer such as a microprocessor.
Use and Benefit of Computer Analysis The introduction of computers, therefore, has improved the level of service delivery and thus enhances convenience and comfort. Another benefit accruing from the introduction of computers is the ability of the world to manage networks […]
Bill Gates’ Contributions to Computer Technology Upon examination of articles written about Gates and quotations from Gates recounting his early childhood, several events stand out in significance as key to depicting the future potential of Gates to transform the world with […]
Computer Hardware Components and Functions Hardware is the physical components of a computer, while the software is a collection of programs and related data to perform the computers desired function.
Computers and Information Gathering On the other hand, it would be correct to say that application of computers in gathering information has led to negative impacts in firms.
Information Security Fundamentals: Computer Forensics In addition, the paper provides an overview of the techniques used in obtaining evidence from the internet and web resources, the types of evidence that can be recovered from electronic and computer resources, and the […]
HP Computer Marketing Concept The marketing concept is the criteria that firms and organizations use to meet the needs of their clients in the most conducive manner.
Computer Fraud and Contracting The law does not provide the consumers with measures to enforcing the online contracts because the argument is that, it is impossible to tell the intention and the consent of the consumer when they signed […]
Computer Sciences Technology: Smart Clothes In this paper we find that the smart clothes are dated back to the early 20th century and they can be attributed to the works of artists and scientists.
Building a PC, Computer Structure The choices available are Western Digital 320GB and Seagate 320GB and my advice would be to go for Western Digital as it is a good performer all along.
Keystone Computers & Networks Inc.’s Audit Plan The objectives of the audit are to identify and describe the objectives of the audit engagement and services that will be provided to the client by the audit team and to define the responsibilities of […]
Computer-Mediated Communication Aspects and Influences The development of computers and the ease of internet’s accessibility have played a vital role in improving the efficiency of communication.
Ethics and Computer Security The introduction of computers and the internet in the 1970s marked the end and the beginning of a new era where human labour was no longer required in the production of goods and services.
The Influence of Computer on the Living Standards of People All Over the World In the past, people considered computers to be a reserve for scientist, engineers, the army and the government. Media is a field that has demonstrated the quality and value of computers.
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Effects of Computer Programming and Technology on Human Behavior Phones transitioned from the basic feature phones people used to own for the sole purpose of calling and texting, to smart phones that have amazing capabilities and have adapted the concepts of computers.
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Computer Usage Evolution Through Years In the history of mankind, the computer has become one of the most important inventions. The diagnostics and treatment methods will be much easier with the help of computer intervention.
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Choosing a Computer for a Home Recording Studio The motherboard is responsible for the speed and stability of the system and should also have a large number of ports in case of many purposes of the computer in the studio.
Computer Programming and Code The Maze game was the one I probably enjoyed the most since it was both engaging and not challenging, and I quickly understood what I needed to do.
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Computer Forensic Incident All evidence should be collected in the presence of experts in order to avoid losing data as well as violating privacy rights.N.
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Computer Museum: Personal Experience While in the Revolution, I got a chance to see a working replica of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, which was the first real model of a working computer.
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VisualDX: Human-Computer Interaction VisualDX is structured such that the user is guided through the steps of using the software system without having to be a software specialist.
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Training Nurses to Work With Computer Technologies and Information Systems The educational need at this stage will be to enhance the ability of the learners to work with computer technologies and information system.
Computer Crime in the United Arab Emirates Computer crime is a new type of offense that is committed with the help of the computer and a network. This article aims at evaluating some of the laws established in the United Arab Emirates, […]
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Networking Concepts for Computer Science Students The firewall, on the other hand, is a hardware or software that secures a network against external threats. Based on these a single subnet mask is sufficient for the whole network.
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The Qatar Independence Schools’ Computer Network Security Control The result of the interviews mainly outlined several common themes and patterns in terms of the design of the proposed security system.
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Computer Sciences Technology: Influencing Policy Letter It is clear that the Electronic Communication Act is outdated and should be revised to account for the recent developments in technology.
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Current Laws and Acts That Pertain to Computer Security
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Evolution of Computers in Commercial Industries and Healthcare
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The Life, Achievement, and Legacy to Computer Systems of Bill Gates
Life, Achievement, and Legacy to Computer Systems of Alan Turing
Computer Sciences Technology and HTTPS Hacking Protection
Protecting Computers From Security Threats
Computer Sciences Technology: Admonition in IT Security
Overview of Computer Languages – Python
Research Tools Used by Computer Forensic Teams
Maintenance and Establishment of Computer Security
Computer Tech Company’s Medical Leave Problem
Sales Plan for Computer Equipment
Smartwatches: Computer on the Wrist
Purpose of the Computer Information Science Course
How to Sell Computers: PC Type and End User Correlation
Technological Facilities: Computers in Education
Computers’ Critical Role in Modern Life
The Five Developments of the Computers
History of the Personal Computer: From 1804 to Nowadays
Malware: Code Red Computer Worm
Sidetrack Computer Tech Business Description
Strayer University’s Computer Labs Policy
Computers Brief History: From Pre-Computer Hardware to Modern Computers
Computer Assisted Language Learning in English
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Computers: The History of Invention and Development
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State-Of-The-Art in Computer Numerical Control
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The Research of Computer Assisted Instructions
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Computer Software and Wireless Information Systems
Growing Compatibility Issues: Computers and User Privacy
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Modern Portable Computer – Battery Technology, LCD Displays, Low-Power CPUs
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Computer Crimes: Viewing the Future
Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime
Computer Forensics: Identity Theft
Computer Crime Investigation Processes and Analyses
Computer Forensics Tools and Evidence Processing
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Computer and Internet Security Notions
Technical Requirements for Director Computer Work
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Computer Hardware and Software Policies for Schools
Education Goals in Computer Science Studies
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Computer Viruses, Their Types and Prevention
Computers in Security, Education, Business Fields
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Epistemic Superiority Over Computer Simulations
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The History of Computer Storage
Personal Computers and Protection of Privacy
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Computer Technician and Labor Market
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Computer and Telecommunication Technologies in the Worlds’ Economy
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Computer Communication Network in Medical Schools
Computer Systems in Hospital
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Computer Security Breaches and Hacking
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State Laws Regarding Computer Use and Abuse
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Computer Crimes Defense and Prevention
Concept and Types of the Computer Networks
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Are Americans Becoming Too Dependent on Computers?
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Did Computers Really Change the World?
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Will Computers Control Humans in the Future?
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

This article is part of the research topic.

Machine Learning and Immersive Technologies for User-centered Digital Healthcare Innovation

Towards the Design of Persuasive Systems for a Healthy Workplace: A Real Time Posture Detection Provisionally Accepted

1 Academic City University College, Ghana
2 Dalhousie University, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Persuasive technologies, in connection with human factor engineering requirements for healthy workplaces, have played a significant role in ensuring a change in human behavior. Healthy workplaces suggest different best practices applicable to body posture, proximity to the computer system, movement, lighting conditions, computer system layout, and other significant psychological and cognitive aspects. In this study, we explored body posture in line with best and healthy practices that suggest how users should sit or stand in workplaces. We found that most unhealthy postures have a long-term impact on the lifestyle and health of computer users. Besides, people work long or short hours on the computer system and have become less conscious of essential best practices. Though most persuasive studies are now beginning to provide reminders to computer users to take regular breaks from their computer systems, little attention has been paid to making computers responsive to computer users’ unhealthy workplace practices based on their bad postures. Given the significance of deep learning models in real-time object detection, we employed these models to support real-time detection in response to the unhealthy practices of computer users. Hence, this paper provides a real-time posture detection framework based on two deep learning models: convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Yolo-V3. Results show that our YOLO-V3 model outperformed CNN model with a mean average precision of 92%. Based on this finding, we provide implications for integrating proximity detection and designing persuasive systems for a healthy workplace in the future.

Keywords: Persuasive Technology, Healthy workplace, Posture, machine learning, YOLO-V3, Convolutional Neural Networks

Received: 22 Dec 2023; Accepted: 10 May 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 ATAGUBA and Orji. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Dr. GRACE ATAGUBA, Academic City University College, Accra, Ghana

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New machine learning algorithm promises advances in computing

Digital twin models may enhance future autonomous systems.

Systems controlled by next-generation computing algorithms could give rise to better and more efficient machine learning products, a new study suggests.

Using machine learning tools to create a digital twin, or a virtual copy, of an electronic circuit that exhibits chaotic behavior, researchers found that they were successful at predicting how it would behave and using that information to control it.

Many everyday devices, like thermostats and cruise control, utilize linear controllers -- which use simple rules to direct a system to a desired value. Thermostats, for example, employ such rules to determine how much to heat or cool a space based on the difference between the current and desired temperatures.

Yet because of how straightforward these algorithms are, they struggle to control systems that display complex behavior, like chaos.

As a result, advanced devices like self-driving cars and aircraft often rely on machine learning-based controllers, which use intricate networks to learn the optimal control algorithm needed to best operate. However, these algorithms have significant drawbacks, the most demanding of which is that they can be extremely challenging and computationally expensive to implement.

Now, having access to an efficient digital twin is likely to have a sweeping impact on how scientists develop future autonomous technologies, said Robert Kent, lead author of the study and a graduate student in physics at The Ohio State University.

"The problem with most machine learning-based controllers is that they use a lot of energy or power and they take a long time to evaluate," said Kent. "Developing traditional controllers for them has also been difficult because chaotic systems are extremely sensitive to small changes."

These issues, he said, are critical in situations where milliseconds can make a difference between life and death, such as when self-driving vehicles must decide to brake to prevent an accident.

The study was published recently in Nature Communications.

Compact enough to fit on an inexpensive computer chip capable of balancing on your fingertip and able to run without an internet connection, the team's digital twin was built to optimize a controller's efficiency and performance, which researchers found resulted in a reduction of power consumption. It achieves this quite easily, mainly because it was trained using a type of machine learning approach called reservoir computing.

"The great thing about the machine learning architecture we used is that it's very good at learning the behavior of systems that evolve in time," Kent said. "It's inspired by how connections spark in the human brain."

Although similarly sized computer chips have been used in devices like smart fridges, according to the study, this novel computing ability makes the new model especially well-equipped to handle dynamic systems such as self-driving vehicles as well as heart monitors, which must be able to quickly adapt to a patient's heartbeat.

"Big machine learning models have to consume lots of power to crunch data and come out with the right parameters, whereas our model and training is so extremely simple that you could have systems learning on the fly," he said.

To test this theory, researchers directed their model to complete complex control tasks and compared its results to those from previous control techniques. The study revealed that their approach achieved a higher accuracy at the tasks than its linear counterpart and is significantly less computationally complex than a previous machine learning-based controller.

"The increase in accuracy was pretty significant in some cases," said Kent. Though the outcome showed that their algorithm does require more energy than a linear controller to operate, this tradeoff means that when it is powered up, the team's model lasts longer and is considerably more efficient than current machine learning-based controllers on the market.

"People will find good use out of it just based on how efficient it is," Kent said. "You can implement it on pretty much any platform and it's very simple to understand." The algorithm was recently made available to scientists.

Outside of inspiring potential advances in engineering, there's also an equally important economic and environmental incentive for creating more power-friendly algorithms, said Kent.

As society becomes more dependent on computers and AI for nearly all aspects of daily life, demand for data centers is soaring, leading many experts to worry over digital systems' enormous power appetite and what future industries will need to do to keep up with it.

And because building these data centers as well as large-scale computing experiments can generate a large carbon footprint, scientists are looking for ways to curb carbon emissions from this technology.

To advance their results, future work will likely be steered toward training the model to explore other applications like quantum information processing, Kent said. In the meantime, he expects that these new elements will reach far into the scientific community.

"Not enough people know about these types of algorithms in the industry and engineering, and one of the big goals of this project is to get more people to learn about them," said Kent. "This work is a great first step toward reaching that potential."

This study was supported by the U.S. Air Force's Office of Scientific Research. Other Ohio State co-authors include Wendson A.S. Barbosa and Daniel J. Gauthier.

Electronics
Telecommunications
Energy Technology
Computers and Internet
Neural Interfaces
Information Technology
Computer Science
Artificial intelligence
Alan Turing
Computing power everywhere
Grid computing
Data mining

Story Source:

Materials provided by Ohio State University . Original written by Tatyana Woodall. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

Robert M. Kent, Wendson A. S. Barbosa, Daniel J. Gauthier. Controlling chaos using edge computing hardware . Nature Communications , 2024; 15 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48133-3

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