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How to Write and Publish a Research Paper for a Peer-Reviewed Journal

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• Published: 30 April 2020
• Volume 36 , pages 909–913, ( 2021 )

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• Clara Busse   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-1000 1 &
• Ella August   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-1036 1 , 2  

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Communicating research findings is an essential step in the research process. Often, peer-reviewed journals are the forum for such communication, yet many researchers are never taught how to write a publishable scientific paper. In this article, we explain the basic structure of a scientific paper and describe the information that should be included in each section. We also identify common pitfalls for each section and recommend strategies to avoid them. Further, we give advice about target journal selection and authorship. In the online resource 1 , we provide an example of a high-quality scientific paper, with annotations identifying the elements we describe in this article.

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Introduction

Writing a scientific paper is an important component of the research process, yet researchers often receive little formal training in scientific writing. This is especially true in low-resource settings. In this article, we explain why choosing a target journal is important, give advice about authorship, provide a basic structure for writing each section of a scientific paper, and describe common pitfalls and recommendations for each section. In the online resource 1 , we also include an annotated journal article that identifies the key elements and writing approaches that we detail here. Before you begin your research, make sure you have ethical clearance from all relevant ethical review boards.

Select a Target Journal Early in the Writing Process

We recommend that you select a “target journal” early in the writing process; a “target journal” is the journal to which you plan to submit your paper. Each journal has a set of core readers and you should tailor your writing to this readership. For example, if you plan to submit a manuscript about vaping during pregnancy to a pregnancy-focused journal, you will need to explain what vaping is because readers of this journal may not have a background in this topic. However, if you were to submit that same article to a tobacco journal, you would not need to provide as much background information about vaping.

Information about a journal’s core readership can be found on its website, usually in a section called “About this journal” or something similar. For example, the Journal of Cancer Education presents such information on the “Aims and Scope” page of its website, which can be found here: https://www.springer.com/journal/13187/aims-and-scope .

Peer reviewer guidelines from your target journal are an additional resource that can help you tailor your writing to the journal and provide additional advice about crafting an effective article [ 1 ]. These are not always available, but it is worth a quick web search to find out.

Identify Author Roles Early in the Process

Early in the writing process, identify authors, determine the order of authors, and discuss the responsibilities of each author. Standard author responsibilities have been identified by The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) [ 2 ]. To set clear expectations about each team member’s responsibilities and prevent errors in communication, we also suggest outlining more detailed roles, such as who will draft each section of the manuscript, write the abstract, submit the paper electronically, serve as corresponding author, and write the cover letter. It is best to formalize this agreement in writing after discussing it, circulating the document to the author team for approval. We suggest creating a title page on which all authors are listed in the agreed-upon order. It may be necessary to adjust authorship roles and order during the development of the paper. If a new author order is agreed upon, be sure to update the title page in the manuscript draft.

In the case where multiple papers will result from a single study, authors should discuss who will author each paper. Additionally, authors should agree on a deadline for each paper and the lead author should take responsibility for producing an initial draft by this deadline.

Structure of the Introduction Section

The introduction section should be approximately three to five paragraphs in length. Look at examples from your target journal to decide the appropriate length. This section should include the elements shown in Fig.  1 . Begin with a general context, narrowing to the specific focus of the paper. Include five main elements: why your research is important, what is already known about the topic, the “gap” or what is not yet known about the topic, why it is important to learn the new information that your research adds, and the specific research aim(s) that your paper addresses. Your research aim should address the gap you identified. Be sure to add enough background information to enable readers to understand your study. Table 1 provides common introduction section pitfalls and recommendations for addressing them.

The main elements of the introduction section of an original research article. Often, the elements overlap

Methods Section

The purpose of the methods section is twofold: to explain how the study was done in enough detail to enable its replication and to provide enough contextual detail to enable readers to understand and interpret the results. In general, the essential elements of a methods section are the following: a description of the setting and participants, the study design and timing, the recruitment and sampling, the data collection process, the dataset, the dependent and independent variables, the covariates, the analytic approach for each research objective, and the ethical approval. The hallmark of an exemplary methods section is the justification of why each method was used. Table 2 provides common methods section pitfalls and recommendations for addressing them.

Results Section

The focus of the results section should be associations, or lack thereof, rather than statistical tests. Two considerations should guide your writing here. First, the results should present answers to each part of the research aim. Second, return to the methods section to ensure that the analysis and variables for each result have been explained.

Begin the results section by describing the number of participants in the final sample and details such as the number who were approached to participate, the proportion who were eligible and who enrolled, and the number of participants who dropped out. The next part of the results should describe the participant characteristics. After that, you may organize your results by the aim or by putting the most exciting results first. Do not forget to report your non-significant associations. These are still findings.

Tables and figures capture the reader’s attention and efficiently communicate your main findings [ 3 ]. Each table and figure should have a clear message and should complement, rather than repeat, the text. Tables and figures should communicate all salient details necessary for a reader to understand the findings without consulting the text. Include information on comparisons and tests, as well as information about the sample and timing of the study in the title, legend, or in a footnote. Note that figures are often more visually interesting than tables, so if it is feasible to make a figure, make a figure. To avoid confusing the reader, either avoid abbreviations in tables and figures, or define them in a footnote. Note that there should not be citations in the results section and you should not interpret results here. Table 3 provides common results section pitfalls and recommendations for addressing them.

Discussion Section

Opposite the introduction section, the discussion should take the form of a right-side-up triangle beginning with interpretation of your results and moving to general implications (Fig.  2 ). This section typically begins with a restatement of the main findings, which can usually be accomplished with a few carefully-crafted sentences.

Major elements of the discussion section of an original research article. Often, the elements overlap

Next, interpret the meaning or explain the significance of your results, lifting the reader’s gaze from the study’s specific findings to more general applications. Then, compare these study findings with other research. Are these findings in agreement or disagreement with those from other studies? Does this study impart additional nuance to well-accepted theories? Situate your findings within the broader context of scientific literature, then explain the pathways or mechanisms that might give rise to, or explain, the results.

Journals vary in their approach to strengths and limitations sections: some are embedded paragraphs within the discussion section, while some mandate separate section headings. Keep in mind that every study has strengths and limitations. Candidly reporting yours helps readers to correctly interpret your research findings.

The next element of the discussion is a summary of the potential impacts and applications of the research. Should these results be used to optimally design an intervention? Does the work have implications for clinical protocols or public policy? These considerations will help the reader to further grasp the possible impacts of the presented work.

Finally, the discussion should conclude with specific suggestions for future work. Here, you have an opportunity to illuminate specific gaps in the literature that compel further study. Avoid the phrase “future research is necessary” because the recommendation is too general to be helpful to readers. Instead, provide substantive and specific recommendations for future studies. Table 4 provides common discussion section pitfalls and recommendations for addressing them.

Follow the Journal’s Author Guidelines

After you select a target journal, identify the journal’s author guidelines to guide the formatting of your manuscript and references. Author guidelines will often (but not always) include instructions for titles, cover letters, and other components of a manuscript submission. Read the guidelines carefully. If you do not follow the guidelines, your article will be sent back to you.

Finally, do not submit your paper to more than one journal at a time. Even if this is not explicitly stated in the author guidelines of your target journal, it is considered inappropriate and unprofessional.

Your title should invite readers to continue reading beyond the first page [ 4 , 5 ]. It should be informative and interesting. Consider describing the independent and dependent variables, the population and setting, the study design, the timing, and even the main result in your title. Because the focus of the paper can change as you write and revise, we recommend you wait until you have finished writing your paper before composing the title.

Be sure that the title is useful for potential readers searching for your topic. The keywords you select should complement those in your title to maximize the likelihood that a researcher will find your paper through a database search. Avoid using abbreviations in your title unless they are very well known, such as SNP, because it is more likely that someone will use a complete word rather than an abbreviation as a search term to help readers find your paper.

After you have written a complete draft, use the checklist (Fig. 3 ) below to guide your revisions and editing. Additional resources are available on writing the abstract and citing references [ 5 ]. When you feel that your work is ready, ask a trusted colleague or two to read the work and provide informal feedback. The box below provides a checklist that summarizes the key points offered in this article.

Checklist for manuscript quality

Data Availability

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Vetto JT (2014) Short and sweet: a short course on concise medical writing. J Cancer Educ 29(1):194–195

Brett M, Kording K (2017) Ten simple rules for structuring papers. PLoS ComputBiol. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005619

Lang TA (2017) Writing a better research article. J Public Health Emerg. https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe.2017.11.06

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Acknowledgments

Ella August is grateful to the Sustainable Sciences Institute for mentoring her in training researchers on writing and publishing their research.

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Clara Busse & Ella August

Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA

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Busse, C., August, E. How to Write and Publish a Research Paper for a Peer-Reviewed Journal. J Canc Educ 36 , 909–913 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01751-z

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Published : 30 April 2020

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How to Write and Publish Your Research in a Journal

Last Updated: February 26, 2024 Fact Checked

Choosing a Journal

Writing the research paper, editing & revising your paper, submitting your paper, navigating the peer review process, research paper help.

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Cheyenne Main . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 696,724 times.

Publishing a research paper in a peer-reviewed journal allows you to network with other scholars, get your name and work into circulation, and further refine your ideas and research. Before submitting your paper, make sure it reflects all the work you’ve done and have several people read over it and make comments. Keep reading to learn how you can choose a journal, prepare your work for publication, submit it, and revise it after you get a response back.

Things You Should Know

• Create a list of journals you’d like to publish your work in and choose one that best aligns with your topic and your desired audience.
• Prepare your manuscript using the journal’s requirements and ask at least 2 professors or supervisors to review your paper.
• Write a cover letter that “sells” your manuscript, says how your research adds to your field and explains why you chose the specific journal you’re submitting to.

• Ask your professors or supervisors for well-respected journals that they’ve had good experiences publishing with and that they read regularly.
• Many journals also only accept specific formats, so by choosing a journal before you start, you can write your article to their specifications and increase your chances of being accepted.
• If you’ve already written a paper you’d like to publish, consider whether your research directly relates to a hot topic or area of research in the journals you’re looking into.

• Review the journal’s peer review policies and submission process to see if you’re comfortable creating or adjusting your work according to their standards.
• Open-access journals can increase your readership because anyone can access them.

• Scientific research papers: Instead of a “thesis,” you might write a “research objective” instead. This is where you state the purpose of your research.
• “This paper explores how George Washington’s experiences as a young officer may have shaped his views during difficult circumstances as a commanding officer.”
• “This paper contends that George Washington’s experiences as a young officer on the 1750s Pennsylvania frontier directly impacted his relationship with his Continental Army troops during the harsh winter at Valley Forge.”

• Scientific research papers: Include a “materials and methods” section with the step-by-step process you followed and the materials you used. [5] X Research source
• Read other research papers in your field to see how they’re written. Their format, writing style, subject matter, and vocabulary can help guide your own paper. [6] X Research source

• If you’re writing about George Washington’s experiences as a young officer, you might emphasize how this research changes our perspective of the first president of the U.S.
• Link this section to your thesis or research objective.
• If you’re writing a paper about ADHD, you might discuss other applications for your research.

• Scientific research papers: You might include your research and/or analytical methods, your main findings or results, and the significance or implications of your research.
• Try to get as many people as you can to read over your abstract and provide feedback before you submit your paper to a journal.

• They might also provide templates to help you structure your manuscript according to their specific guidelines. [11] X Research source

• Not all journal reviewers will be experts on your specific topic, so a non-expert “outsider’s perspective” can be valuable.

• If you have a paper on the purification of wastewater with fungi, you might use both the words “fungi” and “mushrooms.”
• Use software like iThenticate, Turnitin, or PlagScan to check for similarities between the submitted article and published material available online. [15] X Research source

• Header: Address the editor who will be reviewing your manuscript by their name, include the date of submission, and the journal you are submitting to.
• First paragraph: Include the title of your manuscript, the type of paper it is (like review, research, or case study), and the research question you wanted to answer and why.
• Second paragraph: Explain what was done in your research, your main findings, and why they are significant to your field.
• Third paragraph: Explain why the journal’s readers would be interested in your work and why your results are important to your field.
• Conclusion: State the author(s) and any journal requirements that your work complies with (like ethical standards”).
• “We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.”
• “All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to [insert the name of the target journal].”

• Submit your article to only one journal at a time.
• When submitting online, use your university email account. This connects you with a scholarly institution, which can add credibility to your work.

• Accept: Only minor adjustments are needed, based on the provided feedback by the reviewers. A first submission will rarely be accepted without any changes needed.
• Revise and Resubmit: Changes are needed before publication can be considered, but the journal is still very interested in your work.
• Reject and Resubmit: Extensive revisions are needed. Your work may not be acceptable for this journal, but they might also accept it if significant changes are made.
• Reject: The paper isn’t and won’t be suitable for this publication, but that doesn’t mean it might not work for another journal.

• Try organizing the reviewer comments by how easy it is to address them. That way, you can break your revisions down into more manageable parts.
• If you disagree with a comment made by a reviewer, try to provide an evidence-based explanation when you resubmit your paper.

• If you’re resubmitting your paper to the same journal, include a point-by-point response paper that talks about how you addressed all of the reviewers’ comments in your revision. [22] X Research source
• If you’re not sure which journal to submit to next, you might be able to ask the journal editor which publications they recommend.

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• If reviewers suspect that your submitted manuscript plagiarizes another work, they may refer to a Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) flowchart to see how to move forward. [23] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• ↑ https://www.wiley.com/en-us/network/publishing/research-publishing/choosing-a-journal/6-steps-to-choosing-the-right-journal-for-your-research-infographic
• ↑ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13187-020-01751-z
• ↑ https://libguides.unomaha.edu/c.php?g=100510&p=651627
• ↑ http://www.canberra.edu.au/library/start-your-research/research_help/publishing-research
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/conclusions
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
• ↑ https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/book-authors-editors/your-publication-journey/manuscript-preparation
• ↑ https://apus.libanswers.com/writing/faq/2391
• ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/search-strategy
• ↑ https://ifis.libguides.com/journal-publishing-guide/submitting-your-paper
• ↑ https://www.springer.com/kr/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/submitting-to-a-journal-and-peer-review/cover-letters/10285574
• ↑ http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep02/publish.aspx
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.

About This Article

To publish a research paper, ask a colleague or professor to review your paper and give you feedback. Once you've revised your work, familiarize yourself with different academic journals so that you can choose the publication that best suits your paper. Make sure to look at the "Author's Guide" so you can format your paper according to the guidelines for that publication. Then, submit your paper and don't get discouraged if it is not accepted right away. You may need to revise your paper and try again. To learn about the different responses you might get from journals, see our reviewer's explanation below. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Publishing with Elsevier: step-by-step

Learn about the publication process and how to submit your manuscript. This tutorial will help you find the right journal and maximize the chance to be published.

1. Find a journal

Find out the journals that could be best suited for publishing your research. Match your manuscript using the JournalFinder tool, then learn more about each journal.

JournalFinder

Powered by the Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™, Elsevier JournalFinder uses smart search technology and field-of-research-specific vocabularies to match your article to Elsevier journals.

Find out more about a journal

Learn about each journal's topics, impact and submission policies.

Find a journal by name

• Read the journal's aims and scope to make sure it is a match
• Check whether you can submit – some journals are invitation only
• Use journal metrics to understand the impact of a journal
• If available, check the journal at Journal Insights for additional info about impact, speed and reach
• If you're a postdoc, check out our postdoc free access program

2. Prepare your paper for submission

Download our get published quick guide , which outlines the essential steps in preparing a paper. (This is also available in Chinese ). It is very important that you stick to the specific "guide for authors" of the journal to which you are submitting. This can be found on the journal's home page.

You can find information about the publishing process in the understanding the publishing process guide. It covers topics such as authors' rights, ethics and plagiarism, and journal and article metrics.

If you have research data to share, make sure you read the guide for authors to find out which options the journal offers to share research data with your article.

Read more on preparing your paper

Read about publishing in a special issue

• Use an external editing service, such as Elsevier’s Author Services if you need assistance with language
• Free e-learning modules on preparing your manuscript can be found on Researcher Academy
• Mendeley makes your life easier by helping you organize your papers, citations and references, accessing them in the cloud on any device, wherever you are

3. Submit and revise

You can submit to most Elsevier journals using our online systems.  The system you use will depend on the journal to which you submit. You can access the relevant submission system via the "submit your paper" link on the Elsevier.com journal homepage of your chosen journal.

Alternatively, if you have been invited to submit to a journal, follow the instructions provided to you.

Once submitted, your paper will be considered by the editor and if it passes initial screening, it will be sent for peer review by experts in your field. If deemed unsuitable for publication in your chosen journal, the editor may suggest you transfer your submission to a more suitable journal, via an article transfer service.

Read more on how to submit and revise

• Check the  open access options on the journal's home page
• Consider the options for sharing your research data
• Be accurate and clear when checking your proofs
• Inform yourself about copyright and licensing

4. Track your paper

Track your submitted paper.

You can track the status of your submitted paper online. The system you use to track your submission will be the same system to which you submitted. Use the reference number you received after submission to track your submission.

Unsure about what the submission status means? Check out this video .

In case of any problems contact the Support Center

Track your accepted paper

Once your paper is accepted for publication, you will receive a reference number and a direct link that lets you follow its publication status via Elsevier’s "Track Your Accepted Article" service.

However, even without a notification you can track the status of your article by entering your article reference number and corresponding author surname in Track Your Accepted Article .

Read more about the article tracking service

5. Share and promote

Now that your article is published, you can promote it to achieve a bigger impact for your research. Sharing research, accomplishments and ambitions with a wider audience makes you more visible in your field. This helps you get cited more, enabling you to cultivate a stronger reputation, promote your research and move forward in your career.

Read more on sharing your research After publication, celebrate and get noticed!

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How to Publish A Research Paper in International Journal?

What is a Research Journal?

A research journal is a written record used by researchers to document and track the progress of their academic investigations, observations, and findings. It serves as a personal repository for recording insights, data, hypotheses, methodologies, and conclusions related to a specific research topic.

The primary purpose of a research journal is to maintain a chronological and organized account of the research process. Researchers often use it to jot down initial ideas, outline research objectives, detail experimental procedures, and record unexpected observations. This practice not only helps in maintaining a clear timeline but also aids in ensuring the reproducibility and integrity of the research.

A well-maintained research journal serves several functions. It acts as a reference tool for future analysis, a platform for critical self-reflection and refinement of ideas, and a basis for sharing findings with peers through articles, presentations, and publications. Documenting setbacks, changes in direction, and the reasoning behind decisions also enhances the transparency of the research process. 

How do you Write a Research Journal?

Writing an academic journal article involves a structured process to document and communicate your research findings. Begin with a clear title that reflects the topic. Write an abstract summarizing the study’s purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Introduce the research problem, explaining its significance and relevance. Provide a literature review to showcase existing knowledge and gaps in the field.

Detail your research methodology, explaining how you collected and analyzed data. Present your findings objectively, using tables, graphs, and figures to enhance clarity. Interpret the results in the context of your research questions and hypothesis.

Discuss any limitations and potential biases in your study. Address ethical considerations and disclose funding sources if applicable. Conclude by summarizing the main findings, their implications, and potential avenues for future research.

Maintain a logical flow between sections and ensure your writing is concise, coherent, and grammatically correct. Revise and proofread meticulously to eliminate errors. Finally, keep the journal’s target audience in mind and adhere to the journal’s specific formatting and submission guidelines.

 Difference Between Journal and Research Paper?

Journals and research papers are both essential forms of scholarly communication, but they serve distinct purposes in the academic world. A research paper is a written work that presents original findings, often based on empirical research, and contributes new knowledge to a specific field. It typically follows a structured format with sections like introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Research papers are usually submitted to conferences or journals for peer review and publication.

On the other hand, a journal refers to a periodical publication that collects and publishes a variety of research papers, articles, reviews, and other types of content within a specific subject area. Scopus Indexed Journals are platforms that enable researchers to share their work with a broader audience. They often consist of multiple research papers and other related content in a single issue, and they undergo an editorial review process before publication.

In summary, the main difference lies in their scope and purpose. A research paper is a standalone piece of work that presents original research findings, while a journal is a periodic publication that includes a collection of various research papers and articles within a specific domain, serving as a platform for sharing and disseminating scholarly work.

How do you Publish A Research Paper Immediately?

Publishing a research paper immediately requires careful planning and swift execution.

• Select a Reputable Journal: Identify a journal that aligns with your research’s scope and significance. Aim for well-regarded, peer-reviewed publications.
• Prepare Your Manuscript: Ensure your paper adheres to the journal’s guidelines for formatting, structure, and content. Proofread meticulously to eliminate errors.
• Concurrent Writing and Research: As you conduct your research, start writing sections of your paper simultaneously. This accelerates the writing process.
• Preprint Servers: Consider posting your paper on preprint servers like arXiv or bioRxiv. This allows you to share your findings before formal peer review.
• Quick Peer Review Journals: Some journals offer rapid peer review, expediting the process. Look for options that prioritize fast reviews.
• Engage Collaborators: Involve colleagues or mentors who can provide valuable feedback and assist with revisions, speeding up the refinement phase.
• Focused Review Responses: When addressing reviewer comments, respond promptly and concisely. Address all concerns directly and clearly.
• Professional Help: If feasible, enlist the help of professional editors to improve the paper’s language and presentation.
• Timely Submission: Submit your revised manuscript swiftly. Delaying submission prolongs the publishing timeline.
• Open Access Journals: Explore open access journals that prioritize rapid publication. While there might be fees, they can accelerate dissemination.
• Preparation for Publication: Have all supplementary materials (figures, tables, data) ready in the required formats before acceptance.
• Proofing and Corrections: Respond swiftly to the final proofreading and correction stages.

Remember, while speed is important, maintaining research integrity and quality is paramount. Rushing through steps might compromise the validity of your work. Balancing urgency with precision will help you publish your research paper promptly while upholding scholarly standards.

Step-by-Step Guide for Writing a Research Paper?

Writing a research paper can be a systematic and rewarding process when approached step-by-step. Here’s a concise guide that can help you through:

• Choose a Topic: Select a relevant and interesting topic that aligns with your interests and the assignment’s requirements.
• Research and Gather Information: Use reliable sources to gather information, take notes and organize them for easy reference.
• Thesis Statement: Craft a clear and concise thesis statement that presents the main argument of your paper.
• Outline: Create a structured outline that includes the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This helps maintain a logical flow.
• Introduction: Write an engaging introduction that provides context, introduces the thesis, and outlines the scope of your paper.
• Literature Review: Summarize and analyze existing research related to your topic to showcase your understanding of the subject.
• Methodology: Describe the research methods used, explaining how data was collected and analyzed.
• Body Paragraphs: Present your arguments in a structured manner. Each paragraph should have a clear topic sentence and supporting evidence.
• Citations: Properly cite all sources using a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) to avoid plagiarism.
• Analysis: Interpret the evidence you’ve presented, discussing its implications and how it supports your thesis.
• Counter Arguments: Address potential counter arguments and refute them logically, showcasing the strength of your position.
• Conclusion: Sum up your findings, restate the thesis, and discuss the broader implications of your research.
• References: Compile a list of all sources used in your paper, following the citation style guidelines.
• Proofreading and Editing: Review your paper for grammar, spelling, and clarity.
• Formatting: Ensure your paper adheres to formatting guidelines (font, spacing, margins) required by your institution.
• Title and Abstract: Create an informative title and a concise abstract that summarizes your paper’s main points.
• Final Review: Read through your paper one last time to catch any remaining errors or inconsistencies.

By following these steps, you can systematically approach the task of writing a research paper, ensuring it’s well-organized, and effectively communicating your ideas and findings. 

Benefits of Publishing a Research Paper?

Publishing a research paper offers numerous benefits. Firstly, it contributes to the advancement of knowledge by sharing new findings and insights with the academic community. It establishes the credibility and expertise of the authors, enhancing their reputation and career prospects. Published papers are often cited by others, leading to collaborations and further recognition.

Moreover, fast-track publication journals showcase the ability to conduct rigorous research, bolstering academic and professional credentials. It facilitates feedback from peers, helping to refine and improve the research. Publishing also satisfies funding agencies and institutions, showcasing their investments in research. Additionally, sharing findings aids in addressing real-world issues, influencing policies, and driving innovation. Overall, research paper publication promotes intellectual growth, fosters a sense of contribution to the field, and opens doors to networking and future opportunities.

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Preparing and Publishing a Scientific Manuscript

Padma r. jirge.

Department of Reproductive Medicine, Sushrut Assisted Conception Clinic Shreyas Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

Publishing original research in a peer-reviewed and indexed journal is an important milestone for a scientist or a clinician. It is an important parameter to assess academic achievements. However, technical and language barriers may prevent many enthusiasts from ever publishing. This review highlights the important preparatory steps for creating a good manuscript and the most widely used IMRaD (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion) method for writing a good manuscript. It also provides a brief overview of the submission and review process of a manuscript for publishing in a biomedical journal.

B ACKGROUND

T he publication of original research in a peer-reviewed and indexed journal is the ultimate and most important step toward the recognition of any scientific work. However, the process starts long before the write-up of a manuscript. The journal in which the author wishes to publish his/her work should be chosen at the time of conceptualization of the scientific work based on the expected readership.

The journals do provide information on the “scope of the journal,” which specifies the scientific areas relevant for publication in the journal, and “instructions to authors,” which need to be adhered to while preparing a manuscript.

The publication of scientific work has become mandatory for scientists or specialists holding academic affiliations, and it is now desirable even at an undergraduate level. Despite a plethora of forums for presenting the original research work, very little of it ever gets published in a scientific journal, and even if it does, the manuscripts are usually from the same few institutions.[ 1 , 2 ] It serves the purpose of academic recognition; and certain publications may even contribute to shaping various national policies. An academic appointment, suitable infrastructure, and access to peer-reviewed journals are considered as the facilitators for publishing.[ 3 ]

The lack of technical and writing skills, institutional hurdles, and time constraints are considered as the major hurdles for any scientific publication.[ 3 ] In addition, the majority of clinicians in India are involved in providing healthcare in the private sector in individually owned hospitals or those governed by small groups of doctors. This necessitates performing a multitude of tasks apart from providing core clinical care and, hence, poses an additional limiting factor because of the long and irregular working hours.

It is extremely challenging to dedicate some time for research and writing in such a scenario. However, it is a loss to science if this group of skilled clinicians does not contribute to medical literature.

Maintaining the ethics and science of research and understanding the norms of preparing a manuscript are very important in improving the quality and relevance of clinical research in our country. This article brings together various aspects to be borne in mind while creating a manuscript suitable for publication. The inputs provided are relevant to all those interested, irrespective of whether they have an academic or institutional affiliation. While the prospect of becoming an author of a published scientific work is exciting, it is important to be prepared for minor or major revisions in the original article and even rejection. However, persevering in this endeavor may help preserving one’s work and contribute to the promotion of science.[ 4 , 5 ]

Important considerations for writing a manuscript include the following:

• (1) Conceptualization of a clinically relevant scientific work.
• (2) Choosing an appropriate journal and an alternative one.
• (3) Familiarizing with instructions to authors.
• (4) Coordination and well-defined task delegation within the team and involvement of a biostatistician from the conception of the study.
• (5) Preparing a skeletal framework for writing the manuscript.
• (6) Delegating time for thinking and writing at regular intervals.

S TEPS I NVOLVED IN M ANUSCRIPT P REPARATION

A manuscript should both be informative and readable. Even though the concept is clear in the authors’ mind, it is important to remember that they are introducing some new work for the readers, and, hence, appropriate organization of the manuscript is necessary to make the purpose and importance of the work clear to the readers.

• (1) Choosing the appropriate journal for publication : The preferred choice of journal should be one of the first steps to be considered, as mentioned earlier. The guidelines for authors may change with time and, hence, should be referred to at regular intervals and conformed to. The choice of journal principally depends on the target readers, and it may be necessary to have one or more journals in mind in case of nonacceptance from the journal of first choice. A journal’s impact factor is to be considered while choosing an appropriate journal.

Majority of the biomedical journals with good impact factor have specific authorship criteria.[ 8 ] This prevents problems related to ghost authorship and honorary authorship. Ghost authorship refers to a scenario wherein an author’s name is omitted to hide financial relationships with private companies; honorary authorship is naming someone who has not made substantial contribution to the work, either due to pressure from colleagues or to improve the chances of publication.[ 9 ]

Most of the journals conform to the authorship criteria defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.[ 10 ] They are listed as the following:

Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; ANDDrafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; ANDFinal approval of the version to be published; ANDAgreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Some journals require authors to declare their contributions to the research work and manuscript preparation. This helps to prevent honorary and ghost authorship and encourages authors to be more honest and accountable.[ 11 ]

Keywords : are mentioned at the bottom of the Abstract section. These words denote the important aspects of the manuscript and help identify the manuscripts by electronic search engines. Most of the journals specify the number of keywords required, usually between 4 and 8. They need to be simple and specific to the manuscript; a good title contains majority of the keywords.

The general flow of the manuscript follows an IMRaD (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion) structure. Even though this has been recommended since the early 20 th century, most of the authors started following it since the 1970s.[ 13 ]

Important components of the Introduction section

A common error while writing an introduction is an attempt to review the entire evidence available on the topic. This becomes confusing to the reader, and the purpose and importance of the study in question gets submerged in the plethora of information provided. Issues mentioned in the Introduction section will need to be addressed in the Discussion section, and it is important to avoid repetitions and overlapping. Some may prefer to write the Introduction section after preparing the draft of the Materials and Methods and Results sections.

The last paragraph in the Introduction section defines the aim of the study or the study question using active verbs. If there is more than one aim for the study, specify the primary aim and address the secondary aims in a separate sentence. It is recommended that the Introduction section should not occupy more than 10–15% of the entire text.[ 14 ]

This is followed by a detailed description of the study protocol. At times, some of the methods used may be very elaborate and not very relevant to majority of the readers, for example, if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for diagnosis, the type of PCR performed should be mentioned in this section, but the entire procedure need not be elaborated in the “methods” section. Either a relevant reference can be provided or the procedural details can be given online as supplemental data.

It is important to mention both the generic and brand names of all the drugs used along with the name of the manufacturer and the place of manufacturing. Similarly, all the hematological, biochemical, hormonal assays, and radiological investigations performed should provide the specifications of the equipment used and its manufacturer’s details. For many biochemical and endocrine parameters, it is preferred that the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are provided. In addition, the standard units of measurements and the internationally accepted abbreviations should be used.[ 18 ]

There are online guidelines available to maintain uniformity in reporting the different types of studies such as Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for randomized controlled trials, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for observational studies, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for systematic reviews.[ 19 ] Adherence to these guidelines improves the clarity and completeness of reporting.

Statistical analysis : One of the most important deterrents for publishing clinical research is the inability to choose and perform appropriate statistical analysis. With the availability of various user-friendly software systems, an increasing number of the researchers are comfortable performing complex analyses without additional assistance. However, it is still a common practice to involve biostatisticians for this purpose. Coordination between the clinicians and biostatisticians is very important for sample size calculation, creation of a proper data set, and its subsequent analysis. It is important to use the appropriate statistical methodologies for a more complete representation of the data to improve the quality of a manuscript.[ 20 ] It may be helpful to refer to a recent review of the most widely used statistical analyses and their application in clinical research for a better data presentation.[ 20 ] There is some evidence that structured training involving data analysis, manuscript writing, and submission to indexed journals improves the quality of submitted manuscripts even in a low-resource setting.[ 21 ] Short, online certificate courses on biostatistics are available free of cost from many universities across the globe. The important aspects regarding the Materials and Methods section are summarized in Table 2 .

Important components of the Materials and Methods section

The results of the study are summarized in the form of tables and figures. Journals may have limitations on the number of figures and tables, as well as the rows and columns in tables. The text should only highlight the findings recorded in the tables and figures and should not repeat every detail.[ 16 ] Primary analysis should be presented in a separate paragraph. Any secondary analysis performed in view of the results seen in the primary analysis should be mentioned separately [ Table 3 ].

Important components of the Results section

When comparing two groups, it is a good practice to mention the data pertaining to the study group followed by that of the control group and to maintain the same order throughout the section. No adjectives should be used while comparing, except for the statistical significance of the findings. The Results section is written in the past tense, and the numerical values should be presented with a maximum of one decimal place.

Statistical significance as shown by P-value, if accompanied by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval gives important information of direction and size of treatment effect. The measures of central tendencies should be followed by the appropriate measures of variability (mean and standard deviation; median and interquartile range). Relative measures should be accompanied by absolute values (percentage and actual value).[ 22 ] The interpretation of results solely based on bar diagrams or line graphs could be misleading, and a more complete data may be presented in the form of box plots or scatter plots.[ 20 ]

The strengths and weaknesses of the study should be discussed in a separate paragraph. This makes way for implications for clinical practice and future research.[ 16 , 23 ]

The section ends with a conclusion of not more than one to two sentences. The Conclusion section summarizes the study findings in the context of evidence in the field. The important components of the Discussion section are summarized in Table 4 [ Figure 1 ].

Important components of the Discussion section

The hourglass structure of the Introduction and Discussion sections

A referencing tool such as EndNote™ may be used to store and organize the references. The references at the end of the manuscript need to be listed in a manner specified by the journal. The common styles used are Vancouver, Harvard, APA, etc.[ 24 ] Despite continued efforts, standardization to one global format has not yet become a reality.[ 25 ]

It is important to understand the evidence in the referenced articles to write meaningful Introduction and Discussion sections. Online search engines such as Pubmed, Medline, and Scopus are some of the sources that provide abstracts from indexed journals. However, a full-text article may not always be available unless one has subscription for the journals. Those with institutional attachments, authors, and even the research division of pharmaceutical companies may be unconventional but helpful sources for procuring full-text articles. Individual articles can be purchased from certain journals as well.

• (9) Acknowledgements : This section follows the Conclusion section. People who have helped in various aspects of the concerned research work, statistical analysis, or manuscript preparation, but do not qualify to be authors for the study, are acknowledged, preferably with their academic affiliations.[ 26 ]

The aforementioned section provides the general guidelines for preparing a good manuscript. However, an exhaustive list of available guidelines and other resources to facilitate good research reporting are provided by the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research network ( http://www.equator-network.org ).

A DDITIONAL F ACTORS I NFLUENCING THE M ANUSCRIPT Q UALITY

• (1) Plagiarism : Plagiarism is a serious threat to scientific publications and is described by the office of Research Integrity as “theft or misappropriation of intellectual property and the substantial unattributed textual copying of another’s work and the representation of them as one’s own original work.” The primary responsibility of preventing plagiarism lies with the authors. It is important to develop the skill of writing any manuscript in one’s own words and when quoting available evidence, substantiate with appropriate references. However, the use of plagiarism detection tools and a critical analysis by the editorial team prior to submitting an article for peer review are also equally important to prevent this menace.[ 29 ] The consequences of plagiarism could range from disciplinary charges such as retraction of the article to criminal charges.[ 30 ]
• (2) Language : One of the important limitations to publication is the problem of writing in English. This can be minimized by seeking help from colleagues or using the language editing service provided by many of the journals.
• (3) Professional medical writing support : In recent years, it is acknowledged that the lack of time and linguistic constraints prevent some of the good work from being published. Hence, the role of professional medical writing support is being critically evaluated. Declared professional medical writing support is found to be associated with more complete reporting of clinical trial results and higher quality of written English. Medical writing support may play an important role in raising the quality of clinical trial reporting.[ 31 ] The role of professional medical writers should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section.[ 32 ]

S UBMISSION TO J OURNALS AND R EVIEWING P ROCESS

The submission of manuscripts is now exclusively an online exercise. The basic model of submission in any journal comprises the following: the title file or first page file, article file, image files, videos, charts, tables, figures, and copyright/consent forms. It is important to keep all the files ready in a folder before starting the submission process. When submitting images, it is important to have good quality, well-focused images with good resolution.[ 33 ] Some journals may offer the choice of selecting preferred reviewers to the authors and hence, one must be prepared for this. Once the manuscript is submitted, the status can be periodically checked. With minor variations, a submitted article goes through the following review process: The Editor allocates it to one of the editorial team members who checks for the suitability for publication in the journal. It is checked for plagiarism as well at this stage. The article then goes for peer review to two to three reviewers. The review process may take 4–6 weeks, at the end of which, the reviewers submit their remarks, and “article decision” is made, which could be an advice for minor/major revisions, rewriting the whole manuscript for specific reasons, acceptance without any changes (very rare), or rejection. It is important to take into consideration all the comments of the reviewers and incorporate the necessary changes in the manuscript before resubmitting. However, if the manuscript is rejected, revise to incorporate the valid suggestions given by the reviewers and consider submitting to another journal in the field. This should be effected without delay overcoming the disappointment so that the research still remains valid in the context of time.

P REDATORY J OURNALS

Some of the well-known journals provide an “open access” option to the authors, wherein if the manuscript is published, it is accessible to all the readers online free of cost. However, the authors need to pay a certain fee to make their manuscript an open access article. In addition, some of the well-known journals published by reputed publishers such as BioMed Central (BMC) and Public Library of Science (PLoS) have online “open access” journals, where the manuscripts are published for a fee but are subjected to the conventional scrutiny process, and the readers can access the full-text article.[ 34 ] The Directory of Open Access Journals, http://doaj.org , is an online directory that indexes and provides access to high-quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals. However, many online open access journals are mushrooming, which provide a legitimate face for an illegitimate publication process lacking basic industry standards, sound peer review practices, and solid basis in publication ethics. Such journals are known as “predatory journals.”[ 35 ] The pressure of needing to have scientific publications and the lack of knowledge regarding predatory journals may encourage authors to submit their articles to such journals. Currently, it is not easy to identify predatory journals, and authors should seek such information proactively from mentors, journal websites, and recent and relevant published literature. In addition, editorial oversights (editors and editorial board members), peer review practices, the quality of published articles, indexing, access, citations and ethical practices are important aspects to be considered while choosing an appropriate journal.[ 36 ]

A relevant research hypothesis and research conducted within the ethical framework are of utmost importance for clinical research. The natural progression from here is the manuscript preparation, a daunting process for most of the clinicians involved in clinical research. Choosing a journal that provides an appropriate platform for the manuscript, conforming to the instructions specific for the journal, and following certain simple guidelines can result in successful preparation and publishing of scientific work. Allocating certain time at regular intervals for writing and maintaining discipline and perseverance in this regard are very important prerequisites to achieve the goal of successful publication.

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• 30 January 2019

How to write effectively for international journals

• Simon Wang 0 &
• Yongyan Li 1

Simon Wang is a lecturer in English at the Language Centre of Hong Kong Baptist University.

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Yongyan Li is an associate professor of English at the Faculty of Education of the University of Hong Kong.

Scholars whose first language is not English often struggle to publish their research in international journals. As university language teachers and researchers, we have spent years working with novice scholars from various disciplines to help them improve their manuscripts for publication. Here, we offer a few suggestions on how to write more effectively for international journals.

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How to Publish in International Journals

This article provides guidance to those aspiring to publish an academic paper in an international journal. Suggestions are offered that discuss how an author that wished to publish can increase the likelihood of publishing. Here, emphasis was put on the quality of the text and its format, and how both must be able to clearly express the contents of the article in a straightforward manner to make it enjoyable to read.

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How to Publish Research Paper in International Journal

Publishing a research paper in an international journal is an important milestone for any researcher. It is a great opportunity to showcase your work to a wide audience and gain recognition for your efforts. We will discuss the essential steps you need to take to get your paper published in an international journal. We will look at the different aspects of the research paper, from selecting a journal to submitting and publishing your paper, and give you tips on how to maximize your chances of success. So, let’s get started and explore the exciting world of international research paper publication !

The Process for Writing a Research Paper: A Step-By-Step Guide

Publishing in an international journal can also help you to form connections with other researchers in your field. However, it is important to keep in mind that the process can be quite competitive. In order to increase your chances of having your paper accepted, be sure to follow the journal’s guidelines and make sure that your research is of the highest quality. With a little effort, you can make your research paper stand out from the rest and reap the rewards of international publication. The process can be a long and challenging one, but following some key steps can increase the chances of success to publish research papers in international journals .

• Choose the right journal
• Prepare the manuscript
• Follow submission guidelines
• Choose appropriate co-authors
• Address reviewer comments
• Promote the paper

1. Choose the right journal : It is important to choose a journal that is relevant to your research area and has a high impact factor. This can be done by reviewing the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which provides information about a journal’s impact factor, as well as by consulting with colleagues and experts in the field.

Also Read : Facts to know about academic conferences & journal publication

2. Prepare the manuscript : Before submitting a paper , it is important to ensure that it is well-written, well-structured, and meets the journal’s guidelines. The paper should have an introduction that clearly states the research question, a methodology section that describes the methods used, results that are clearly presented, and a conclusion that summarizes the findings and their significance.

3. Follow submission guidelines : Each journal has specific submission guidelines that must be followed, including format, length, and reference style. It is important to carefully read and follow these guidelines to increase the chances of the paper being accepted for publication.

4. Choose appropriate co-authors : Selecting the right co-authors is critical to the success of a research paper. Co-authors should have relevant expertise and have contributed to the research in a meaningful way. It is important to ensure that all co-authors are aware of the paper’s content and agree to its submission.

5. Address reviewer comments : Once the paper has been reviewed, the reviewers will provide feedback on the manuscript. It is important to carefully consider the comments and make the necessary revisions to improve the paper. This may involve additional experimentation or data analysis, or making changes to the manuscript’s structure or content.

6. Resubmit : Once the revisions have been made, the paper should be resubmitted to the journal. The process may involve additional rounds of review and revision, but persistence and a willingness to make changes can increase the chances of eventual acceptance.

7. Promote the paper: Once the paper has been accepted for publication, it is important to promote it to increase its visibility and impact. This can be done by sharing the paper on social media, presenting it at conferences, and emailing colleagues and peers in the field.

In conclusion, publishing a research paper in an international journal is an important step in disseminating research findings and building a researcher’s reputation. Careful planning and preparation, including choosing the right journal, preparing the manuscript, following submission guidelines, choosing appropriate co-authors, addressing reviewer comments, resubmitting, and promoting the paper, can increase the chances of success .

What does it cost to publish a research paper in an international journal?

The cost of publishing a research paper in an international journal can vary widely depending on several factors, including the journal, the publisher, and the type of publication. Here are some of the most common types of publication costs:

• Article Processing Charges (APCs) : Some journals , especially those that are open access, require authors to pay a fee for processing and publishing their papers. These fees can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars.
• Subscription fees : Some journals are only available to subscribers, and authors may be required to pay a fee to access the journal in order to publish their papers.
• Page charges : Some journals charge authors a fee for each page of the published paper, regardless of whether it is open-access or subscription-based.
• Color charges : Some journals charge authors extra fees for using color in their figures or images.

It is important to note that not all journals charge fees for publishing, and some journals offer discounts or waivers for authors who cannot afford to pay. It is also important to check the specific policies of the journal and publisher before submitting a paper, as the cost of publication can have a significant impact on the budget of a research project.

Also Read : What are the advantages of Attending an International Conference?

AllConferenceAlert makes it easier for professionals and attendees to get conference alerts for international conferences , seminars, and webinars taking place in over 135 countries and covering over 150 academic subjects. The enthusiasts can receive alerts regularly by becoming subscribers. Join us today!

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Guide for Authors

Authors-guidelines publish research paper in international journals

How to share your research article to increase the impact of your research

“ How to publish a paper in the Research Leap ”

Publishing guidelines for authors –  The International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration – ISSN 1849-5664 (ONLINE) – ISSN 1849-5419 (PRINT)

The journal is submitted by clicking on the SUBMIT YOUR PAPER icon

–  Click on the SUBMIT YOUR PAPER link which will take you through to the Journal Submission page

–  Prepare your paper according to the Guide for Authors

–  Submit your paper to our e-mail:  ijmsba@researchleap.com

Open access

International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration articles are open-access, available to subscribers and public alike with the permission to reuse. There is no subscription fee to access the articles. The funding comes from the authors themselves.

The articles of the International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration are available free of charge both to individual users and organizations. This means users can read, download, copy, share, print out, or reference to the texts of the journal without having to get permission from the authors or publishers.

The fee for the open-access publication is paid either by authors themselves or their funder.

Payment process

The publication charge of International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration is 115 USD for online publication only or 175 USD for online publication + 2 hard copies. For additional copies, the charge is 15 USD per issue.

Direct payment using Paypal and credit cards can be made through the website. The detailed information on the payment process, including the bank transfer option, will be sent to the corresponding author email.

Review process

In the reviewing process, a paper is initially reviewed either by an editor or a co-editor. Next, if the editor/co-editor finds it suitable for publication, they send it to two other referees for peer-review. The review is double-blind peer review. Provided the referees approve the paper, the editor eventually has the final say about whether the article should be published as it is, amended, or rejected altogether.

It is of utmost importance that the articles for the journal have not been published before in the present or almost the same form, or they are being considered for publication in another journal. The journal can publish papers that were previously published in conference proceedings under the condition that the publication does not infringe upon the rights of the conference proceedings publisher. The authors of the paper must make sure that their work does not go against existing copyright as well as ensuring the paper will compensate for the publisher in case of a warranty breach. Unless agreed differently, the papers, as well as contributions, become the legal copyright of the journal so that the dispersion and proper use of them are facilitated. Authors should refer to ideas and findings of other authors of by proper citing of literature, referencing, such as using clear indented text or quotation marks and using APA style formatting.

Permissions

The requirements of our platform are as follows:

• The availability to reproduce the content or the chapter of a book
• Possibility of printing and electronic rights
• Global rights for the English language
• Possibility of material use for the life of the work without time restrictions on the material reuse

While using tables, charts or excerpts, exceeding four hundred words, from a different source, the followings must be taken into account.:

• Authors must get written permission from a third party copyright owner prior to using their texts, graphs or illustrations in their journal. Also, the permission must be cleared for small adaptations of any work written by another person.
• In case an author adapts a major part of the content, they must notify the copyright holder of the original paper in advance.
• Authors must get consent statements proof.
• Authors must refer to the source both in figure captions and acknowledge it in the list of reference.

Before using the content (even freely available online), authors must check the website for more details of the copyright owners as well as getting their permission.

• Authors ought not to submit their work to more than one journal. In the same way, they ought not to submit previously published works to the journal to be considered.
• Authors ought to guarantee the originality of their work while submitting. When they use words of others, proper citations must be provided. Plagiarism of any kind is considered unethical and accepted under no circumstances.
• In their papers, authors ought to demonstrate all the sources they have used as well as declaring any conflicts of interest.
• Due acknowledgements to all the contributors ought to be given in the research.
• In case of noticeable errors in the issued work, authors ought to immediately notify the editor of the journal and collaborate in the elimination/correction of them. In case a different party than the author informs the editor about the error, the author is obliged to write a retraction or make a correction through the medium of issuance.

Final submission of the research paper

It should be noted that prior to the publication, the proofs are not supplied. It is the journal which considers the final version of the paper. However, it is the responsibility of the author to check the article for completeness, grammatical, spelling, and typographical errors. publish research paper in international journals

File formats

Microsoft Word (DOC, DOCX) is suitable for the final manuscript document.

Manuscript/Paper requirements

All the manuscripts submitted to Research Leap must be split into the sections in the following order: Make sure you use the following guidelines while preparing your manuscript for submission:

Research Leap Policy

The editor of journals of Research Leap platform is solely responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal shall be published. To reach this decision, the editor is guided by policies of the journal’s editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements in force regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Published articles should remain extant, exact and unaltered as far as is possible. However, there may arise some occasional circumstances when published article must be later retracted or even removed. All these actions mentioned above can take place under exceptional circumstances.

Crossmark Policy

Crossmark is a multi-publisher initiative from Crossref to provide a standard way for readers to locate the current version of a piece of content. By applying the Crossmark logo, Research Leap is committing to maintaining the content it publishes, and to alerting readers to changes if and when they occur.

Clicking on the Crossmark logo will tell you the current status of a document, and may also give you additional publication record information about the document.

Article Withdrawal

Article withdrawal is only applicable for articles which were previously published in the other journals or accidently submitted twice. In most cases, articles may represent serious issues including infringements of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submission, plagiarism, and fraud usage of data. The withdrawal process is also applicable to articles which are in press (under consideration to be published in the other journals) that has different errors, or duplications of articles published in other journals are considered to be “withdrawn” from Research Leap. Withdrawn indicates that content of articles such as HTML and PDF is removed and replaced with HTML page and PDF simply mentioning that the article has been withdrawn according to Research Leap Policy on Article in Press Withdrawal with a link to the current policy document.

Article Retraction

Infringement of academic and professional ethical codes includes multiple submission, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data. The retraction will be mainly used to correct publication and submission errors. Retraction of an article will be done by the author or the editor based on the advice of members of the scholarly community. Number of scholarly bodies has developed the standards dealing with retractions, and best of these retractions are adopted for article retraction by Research Leap:

• A retraction note titled “Retraction: [article title]” signed by the authors and/or the editor is published in the paginated part of a subsequent issue of the journal and listed in the contents list.
• In the electronic version, a link is made to the original article.
• The online article is preceded by a screen containing the retraction note. It is to this screen that the link resolves; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.
• The original article is retained unchanged save for a watermark on the .pdf indicating on each page that it is “retracted.”
• The HTML version of the document is removed.

Article Removal: Legal limitations

It may be required to remove an article from the online database only in the extremely limited number of cases. This type of article removal will occur under the following circumstances:

• The article is clearly defamatory
• Infringes other’s legal rights
• The article poses serious health risk
• Breaking terms and conditions of publishing by the author

In these cases, the article will be removed due to the legal reasons where only the information on metadata such as Title and Authors will remain. publish research paper in international journals

Article Replacement

When the article poses a severe health risk, the authors of the original article will be obliged to retract the flawed content and replace it with the corrected version. In these cases, the procedures for retraction will be followed with the difference that the database retraction will publish a link to the corrected re-published article and a history of the document. publish research paper in international journals

publish research paper in international journals

ISSN (Online): 2582-7898 Impact Factor = 5.59 Cite Factor: 0.81

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How to Publish a Research Paper: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Publish a Research Paper

Publishing a research paper or getting it published in an academic journal can be one of the most fulfilling accomplishments in your academic career. You’ve spent countless hours learning, researching, thinking and writing, and now you get to share your knowledge with others who share your interests and passion for research. This guide on how to publish a research paper will help you choose the best journal for publishing your work, what information to include in your manuscript and how to format it correctly and more!

Choose your topic

For many scientists, the goal of their research is publication. Every published paper not only contributes to the body of knowledge in a particular field, but also gives credit and recognition for individual accomplishment. Publishing can be an arduous process, however; take this step-by-step guide to help you get started.

Conduct your Literature Review

Find articles from reputable journals and use them to conduct your literature review. To start, you can conduct an academic search in Google Scholar , read the abstracts, and include these articles in your list of sources. Make sure that all the papers are on an appropriate scholarly level (peer reviewed, etc.) and published within 5 years of when you write your paper. Once you have compiled this list of academic sources, it is time to move on the steps.

Write your Introduction

In the introduction, you’ll summarize the paper’s content and specify its goals. After, you’ll establish a clear research question or problem that your research will try to answer. With this all done, you’ll introduce who your target audience is and outline how your findings will affect them. In short, the introduction must tell people what they’re getting themselves into.

Write your Methodology section

I will use the grading scale as an example of how to write a formal methodology section. I have been using this system in all my research writing classes, and it has been accepted by both instructors and readers. As such, I feel confident in saying that it is both efficient and effective. The steps are as follows: To begin, place the question or problem statement in brackets at the top of the page. For instance:

Write your Results section

1.Sit down and think about your research project from beginning to end; ask yourself, What are the major findings? What are my key messages? Once you have answered these questions, it is important to think about how the audience of your paper will react. Will they understand what you’re trying to say or explain? If not, can you simplify it?

2. It is a good idea to start by outlining your ideas in points and then reordering them into an outline that flows in sequential order.

3. This next step is one of the most crucial: having someone who understands English grammar and has excellent writing skills read over your paper for errors before submitting it for publishing.

Write your Discussion section

After thinking about the purpose of your research and reading related papers, formulate an original research question. Make sure your question is clear and has a single answer with some way to measure it, otherwise your results will be ambiguous. Once you have developed the best research question, start writing out how you are going to answer it by outlining what you need. Next, follow these steps when starting on your experimental procedures:

1. set up necessary materials and equipment;

2. construct study setup;

3. collect data; and finally

4. analyze data.

Be sure not to rush this process because you want everything in place before getting into the analysis step so that you can quickly find any errors or mistakes if they exist.

Write your Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, I recommend that you write your introduction at the end of the paper. Then, work on the methods and results sections and finally the discussion section. Once you finish with those three sections, then write your introduction. I also recommend using reference materials like an index card and your computer during the process of writing. Remember that publishing a research paper can be fun and rewarding!

Get References from Sources

A lot of people ask me how to publish a research paper. Fortunately, this is pretty easy these days if you know where to start. Here’s how it works. You need your references from sources, of course. These should be from respected and reliable sources (e.g., journals with peer review) that are relevant for your topic area. Your reviewers may require them for approval purposes and/or help evaluating the quality of your research. You’ll want at least five good references – more is better, but not all papers need more than five good references, especially those on popular topics in academic circles or within a specific discipline.

Start Writing

The first step is coming up with a research question.

Hi, How can I help you?

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 Aims & Scope - Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

◦ What kind of papers does IJSER (International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research) publish?

◦ are you open to qualitative method, ◦ is it possible to submit the same article to ijser and another journal simultaneously, ◦ how and where should i send my manuscript, ◦ how does the review process work, ◦ how do you choose the reviewers, ◦ how long do reviews usually take.

Publication

◦ How long does it take for an accepted paper to be actually published?

◦  do you have paper copies of journal.

Subscription

◦ Is the Journal published at regular intervals?

International Journals: Publishing Research Papers in all Fields

How to publish research paper, how\where to publish research paper .

Many young researchers are asking the following questions regarding their research “How to publish Research Papers? Where to publish research paper”.  We will help you in publishing your research papers using simple and efficient steps called “Research Paper Publication steps”.

Research Paper Publication steps (How to Publish Research Papers):

  1-     we assume that you already have  chosen your research paper topic:.

choosing a research topic for your paper may include (Choosing a topic that you are interested in; narrowing your topic to something manageable; you cannot publish papers unless you refer to published researches (you can use your university subscriptions in ACM, EBSCO, Scopus, Thomson ISI, and IEEE databases to reach high quality scientific research publications); discuss your research ideas with your supervisor).

2-     We assume that you are looking to publish your paper in an international journal:

Most universities asks their PhD and masters Students to publish papers in international journals as a requirement for their graduation.  Research publishing in journals is more recognizable and preferable by the academic community than Articles Publication in international conferences.

3-     To publish research in any field;  research papers should be prepared according to the following structure :

• Abstract: the abstract in any scientific research publication should list the main results and conclusions, using simple statements. The abstract must emphasize the key findings of the work and its general significance. The abstract should convey: The purpose of the project identifying the area of study to which it belongs, the research problem that motivates the project, the methods used to address this research problem. The conclusions reached, the significance of the research project, and why are the results useful?.
•  Introduction: we talk about the relevant primary research literature (with citations; see the note at the end of this article for more information about citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the research article problem you are presenting; you have also to state the purpose of your work in the form of the hypothesis, question, or problem; finally you have to briefly explain your approach in solving the problem of the research.
•  Materials and methods: you explain clearly how you carried out your study. You should talk about the the the organism(s) studied such as (plant, animal, human, etc.) and, when relevant, their pre-experiment handling and care, and when and where the study was carried out. If you did a field study, provide a description of the study site, including the significant physical and biological features, and the precise location (latitude and longitude, map, etc). Talk about the experimental OR sampling design (i.e., how the experiment or study was structured. For example, controls, treatments, what variable(s) were measured, how many samples were collected, replication, the final form of the data, etc.). You should mention in details how the data were analyzed (qualitative analyses and/or statistical procedures used to determine significance, data transformations used, what probability was used to decide significance, etc).
•  Results: State the results using tables and figures and draw attention in the text to important details shown in those tables and figures.
•  Discussion. Point out the significance of the results in relation to the reasons for doing the work, and place them in the context of other related work for other researchers.
•  Conclusion: clearly state the implications of the answers your results gave you. The conclusion should focus on what was achieved and what still needs to be improved.
• References:  add all the references which was used within your paper as a list at the end of your paper, the list should be in alphabetical order
• Now you are ready to publish research papers! The next question is “where to publish research?” Your research paper is ready to be submitted for publication.

Note: A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material (ex: sentence, paragraph, table, figure, equation) in your work came from another source (ex: research paper, book, internet resource). A citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears. There are many citation methods; we use the IEEE Citation Style. (download detailed instructions).

4- Writing research paper should follow the general research ethics.

5- Prepare your paper according to the journal template.

6- find a place to publish your paper.

The below journals can be used to publish your paper within 14 days. The process needs that the author chooses a journal then click its call for papers link then follow the instructions at the journal site:

1- American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences.  For more details About the paper submission in the Journal CLICK HERE . 

Call for papers – 2021.

Deadline for paper Submission: Submission of papers is Open

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  14-21 Days

Publication: 2-4 days after acceptance

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER NOW FOR PEER REVIEW 

2- International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) . For more details About this Journal Publication Site and how to Publish In Journal CLICK HERE . 

2021 call for papers.

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  14-28 Days

3- International Journal of Social Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJSSCFRT). For more details About the Journal and Paper Submission In Journal CLICK HERE . 

Call for papers 2021: publish research papers in ijsscfrt journal.

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  8-13 Days

Publication: 1-2 days after acceptance

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER Now

4- International Journal of Natural Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJNSCFRT). For more details About the Journal and Paper Submission in Journal CLICK HERE . 

Call for papers 2021: publish research in ijnscfrt journal.

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  14-22 Days

  Submit Paper Now to IJNSCFRT Journal Publication Site

5- International Journal of Applied Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJASCFRT). For more details About the Journal and Publishing Researchs in this journal CLICK HERE .

Call for papers 2021: publish paper in international journal ( ijascfrt ),   deadline for paper submission: submission of papers is open.

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  8-14 Days

Publication: 1-3 days after acceptance

Submit Paper Now for IJASCFRT Journal Publication Sites

6- International Journal of Computer (IJC) . For more details About this Journal Publication Site and how to Publish In Journal CLICK HERE . 

Acceptance\Rejection Decision:  12-16 Days

7-  International Journal of Formal Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJFSCFRT).  For more details About the paper submission in the Journal CLICK HERE . 

Call for papers 2021: publish research in ijfscfrt journal, submit paper now: article submission in ijfscfrt journal.

Thesis Abstracts: International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research

This section is for publishing Full thesis only. Submit your full thesis only 

Do not Submit research paper in this section. 

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Mohammad Nassar for Researches Establishment is registered company in Jordan under the number 330811, the company national number is 100439452.

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Mohammad Nassar for Researches Establishment provides research and scientific publication support services such as editing; proof reading; and publication.

International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)

The International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) is multidisciplinary peer reviewed Journal intended to publish original research papers, and review articles in the following fields (but not limited to):  anthropology, archaeology, communication, criminology, education, government, linguistics, international relations, political science, sociology, Earth science, Ecology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Life science, Human biology, Decision theory, Logic, Mathematics, Statistics, Systems theory, Theoretical computer science, Applied physics, Computer science, all Fields of engineering, Accounting, , Education,  Economics, Medical Technology, Biology,  Medicine, Management, History, Mineralogy, Civil Engineering, Marine Technology, Commerce, Chemical Engineering, Animal Sciences, Petroleum & Gas, Energy Resources,  Agriculture, Medical Sciences, Machine Learning, Machinery, computer Science, Chemistry, Neural Networks, Physics, Social Science, Geology, Transportation, Waste Management, Control Engineering, Applied Mathematics, Oceanography, Biomedical Materials, Construction, Metallurgy, Neural Computing, Industrial Arts, IT, Astronology, Fire & Fire Prevention, Robotics Marine Sciences, Solid State Technology, Business Administration, Food &Food Industry, Atmospheric Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Textile Industry & Fabrics, Education science, Physiology, Nano Science, Microbiology, Psychology, Statistics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genetics, Botany, Veterinary Sciences, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Zoology, Oncology, Accounting, Entomology, Parasitology, Evolution, human behavior, Biophysics, Fisheries, Pharmacology, Geography, Cell Biology, Genomics, Plant Biology, Law, Religious Studies, Endocrinology, Dentistry, Infectious Diseases, Toxicology, Immunology, Teacher education, and Neuroscience. 

This International journal usually will provide the Editor's decision based on the peer review results within 4 weeks (28 days) from the paper submission date.

The journal accepts scientific papers for publication after passing the journal's double peer review process.  For detailed information about the journal kindly check About the Journal  page. 

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Making your Research easy

How to publish a paper in International Journal

Publishing a paper in the International Journal is a very important part of every research. In this article, we will discuss the step-by-step process of How to publish a paper in international journal. This will guide you to publish your paper in a good journal successfully.

How to publish a paper in International Journal?

Many of you may have published your research papers in different International  Journals.

If you have already done, this then also you may continue reading this article till the end to discover more and the right way to publish the paper in an International Journal. But before that let’s understand.

What is a research journal?

A research journal is a periodical publication in which research relating to a particular academic discipline is published.

Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of research. International journals are the best place to showcase your research finding and ideas to the world.

Thousands of Journals exist that publish good papers in their regular issues and their journal impact factor is also high.

Now let us understand how to publish a research paper in international journal in easy steps.

Prepare and write your research paper.

Before writing any research paper you must collect all the information about the topic and your research work.

Make some points of your findings and note them down. Choose the journal in which you want to publish the paper. Check the sample paper and “Instruction to Authors” or “Author’s Guide” of that particular journal. 

Prepare your manuscript according to the format. Every journal article follows a specific format, such as Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and  Acknowledgements/References. Future scope and limitations can also be included in your paper.

Also read:  How to Publish a Research Paper

Submit your manuscript.

All journals have a specific method of submission of papers like Online submission , Email Submission, and hardcopy submission .

But most of the journals are now accepting only online and email submissions .

If you are asked to submit your paper online then you may need to fill in some other information as well like Name, Affiliation, Contact number, Email ID, Institution’s name, Degree completed or perusing, Years of experience, etc.

Make sure you have given the correct information about yours. Make use of your organizational email ID along with your personal email ID.

Wait for the notification and don’t Panic.

Many authors get panic after submitting the paper and continuously ask for a notification and review report.

But, you need not panic because the Editor may receive several papers for the journal so it takes some time.

Also Read: How To Promote Your Research Article

The initial information you could receive like any of the following statuses

• Accepted: It means your paper has been accepted
• Accepted with Modification: It requires some modification and then it will be accepted.
• Revise and resubmit: It means your paper needed much modification so you can modify it according to the reviewer’s comment.
• Rejected: It means the paper is not suitable for the journal but it does not mean that the paper is not suitable for other journals.

Also read: Top 12 reasons why Journal rejects manuscripts

So take the action accordingly and get your paper published.

If you are looking to publish a research paper then you may search the Green open access journals which do not charge any publication fee from the authors. The Open access journal mostly charges the Article processing charge.

Must read: How much does it cost to publish a paper in a journal

Final words

Journal Publication is a difficult task but if you understand the process and follow the procedure it could be very easy to publish your paper in a good journal. So now, we hope you have understood How to publish a paper in International Journal.

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7 Best tips for writing an outstanding research paper

How to find academic journals online

What is peer review? All things you need to know

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Mtech, Btech Projects, PhD Thesis and Research Paper Writing Services in Delhi

How to Publish Your Research Paper in an International Journal for Free

Publishing research papers in international journals is a great way to get your work out to the scientific community. However, many journals charge fees for publication, making it difficult for researchers with limited budgets to publish. Fortunately, there are a few options available for researchers who would like to publish their research papers in an international journal for free.

Benefits of International Journal Publication

• Increased exposure and professional recognition
• Opportunity to collaborate with researchers from around the globe
• Wider dissemination of research findings

Choosing the Right Journal

• Consider your research topic and the journal’s scope
• Evaluate the journal’s impact factor
• Check the journal’s publication speed

Submitting Your Paper

• Adhere to the journal’s author guidelines
• Ensure that your paper meets the journal’s publication standards
• Pay attention to the formatting and style of the paper

The Review Process

• Make sure to respond promptly to any reviewer comments
• Revise your paper according to the reviewer’s suggestions
• Double-check grammar and spelling mistakes

Finalizing the Publication

• Follow the journal’s guidelines for accepted authors
• Submit the final version of the paper
• Submit the copyright transfer form

Few renowned international journals across different disciplines

It’s important to note that the suitability of a journal for your research paper depends on the specific topic and field. It’s recommended to thoroughly research and evaluate journals based on factors such as scope, relevance, impact factor, and peer review process. Here are a few renowned international journals across different disciplines:

• IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
• The New England Journal of Medicine
• Journal of Applied Psychology
• ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
• Journal of Marketing Research
• Journal of Finance

Remember to carefully review the guidelines and scope of each journal to ensure your research aligns with its requirements. Additionally, consult with your academic advisors or colleagues for specific recommendations based on your research field and topic.

Where to submit my research journal?

Follow these websites for submitting your journal:.

• ResearchGate: A popular platform for sharing and publishing research papers across various disciplines. Website: https://www.researchgate.net/
• Academia.edu: A platform that allows researchers to share and discover academic papers, facilitating wider visibility and collaboration. Website: https://www.academia.edu/
• SSRN (Social Science Research Network): A leading online repository for early-stage research in the field of social sciences. Website: https://www.ssrn.com/
• arXiv: A preprint server that focuses on scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, computer science, and more. Website: https://arxiv.org/
• Zenodo: A platform where researchers can share and preserve their research outputs, including journals and other scholarly materials. Website: https://zenodo.org/
• Google Scholar: A widely used search engine for academic literature, which also allows researchers to create and maintain their profiles. Website: https://scholar.google.com/
• PubMed Central: A digital archive of free and full-text biomedical and life sciences journal articles. Website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/

A couple more sources to explore

To submit your journal for publication, you can consider various reputable academic journals in your specific field of study. The submission process and required format may vary depending on the journal. Here are a few common platforms and their general submission guidelines:

• Elsevier: A leading publisher of scientific, technical, and medical research. Submission Guidelines: Visit the Elsevier journal website of your choice and navigate to the “Guide for Authors” section to find specific formatting and submission instructions.
• Springer: A prominent publisher covering a wide range of academic disciplines. Submission Guidelines: Visit the Springer Journal website relevant to your research area and refer to the “Instructions for Authors” or “Submission Guidelines” section for formatting and submission requirements.
• IEEE Xplore: A platform for electrical engineering, computer science, and related disciplines. Submission Guidelines: Visit the IEEE Xplore website and explore the specific journal you wish to submit to. Look for the “Author Resources” section or the journal’s website for detailed instructions.
• Taylor & Francis: A publisher with journals covering various subject areas. Submission Guidelines: Access the Taylor & Francis journal website of your interest and locate the “Instructions for Authors” or “Submit Your Paper” section for specific formatting guidelines and submission details.
• Wiley: A publisher offering journals across multiple disciplines. Submission Guidelines: Visit the Wiley Journal website in your field and find the “Author Guidelines” or “Submission Information” section for instructions on formatting and submission procedures.

When submitting your journal, ensure you adhere to the specific journal’s guidelines regarding file format, referencing style, word count, and any other requirements. Pay attention to details such as cover letter, abstract, keywords, and citation formatting.

• Keep track of the paper’s progress throughout the publication process
• Use the journal’s feedback to improve your writing
• Share the published paper with your peers and colleagues

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