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Queuing Theory of Improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus

In recent years, the use of consensus mechanism to maintain the security of blockchain system has become a considerable concern of the community. Delegated proof of stake (DPoS) and practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanisms are key technologies in maintaining the security of blockchain system. First, this study proposes a consensus mechanism combining DPoS and PBFT, which can rapidly deal with malicious witness nodes and shorten the time of block verification. Second, the M/PH/1 queuing model is used to analyze the performance of the proposed consensus mechanism, and the performance of the improved practical Byzantine fault tolerant consensus mechanism is evaluated from steady-state conditions and key performance measure of the system. Third, the current study uses the theoretical method of open (Jackson) queuing network, combined with the blockchain consensus process, and provides theoretical analysis with special cases. Lastly, this research utilizes numerical examples to verify the computability of the theoretical results. The analytic method is expected to open a series of potentially promising research in queueing theory of blockchain systems.

Brownian non-Gaussian polymer diffusion and queing theory in the mean-field limit

Abstract We link the Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of a polymer center of mass to a microscopic cause: the polymerization/depolymerization phenomenon occurring when the polymer is in contact with a monomer chemostat. The anomalous behavior is triggered by the polymer critical point, separating the dilute and the dense phase in the grand canonical ensemble. In the mean-field limit we establish contact with queuing theory and show that the kurtosis of the polymer center of mass diverges alike a response function when the system becomes critical, a result which holds for general polymer dynamics (Zimm, Rouse, reptation). Both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium behaviors are solved exactly as a reference study for novel stochastic modeling and experimental setup.

Analysis of the Queuing System for the Indonesian Islamic Bank (BSI) Bengkulu Branch

The purpose of this study is to determine the average level of customer arrivals and the average service time of customers in the queue. The analytical model used in this study is a multi-channel single-phase queuing theory analysis with a mathematical formula. The queuing process is a process related to the arrival of the customer to a queuing system, then waiting in the queue until the waiter selects the customer according to the service discipline, and finally the customer leaves the queuing system after the service is finished. At Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KC Bengkulu S. Parman 1 there are 5 tellers provided to serve customers who will make deposits, withdrawals and cash transfers. Queues that occur at the optimal service level can be obtained by the performance of the queuing system with the calculation results, namely, the average number of customers in the queue (nq) 31.88 customers, customers in the total system 33.08 people, the average time in the queue 0, 000767 and the total system time is 0.034097 or 2 minutes. Thus, customers do not take too long to make transactions. With the number of tellers as many as five people, there is a long waiting time for customers (Wq) in the queue, which is 0.02777 hours or 2 minutes and the average number of customers in the queue (Ls) is 2 people..

Application of Queuing Theory to Analyse an ATM Queuing System

Performance analysis of peer-to-peer networks based on two-phase service queuing theory, queuing theory in traffic management system.

Abstract: In cities where the number of vehicles has consistently expanded faster than the transportation infrastructure available to serve them. More on queuing theory and its crucial application has been discussed in the current study. In Thudiyalur, Gandhipuram, and Periyanaickenpalayam, all in Coimbatore, this research examines the usefulness of queuing theory in the field of traffic management. The concept of traffic intensity isapplied to a set of areas in queuing theory in this study. Keywords: Traffic intensity, Queuing theory, Single server Poisson model

5G Infrastructure Network Slicing: E2E Mean Delay Model and Effectiveness Assessment to Reduce Downtimes in Industry 4.0

Fifth Generation (5G) is expected to meet stringent performance network requisites of the Industry 4.0. Moreover, its built-in network slicing capabilities allow for the support of the traffic heterogeneity in Industry 4.0 over the same physical network infrastructure. However, 5G network slicing capabilities might not be enough in terms of degree of isolation for many private 5G networks use cases, such as multi-tenancy in Industry 4.0. In this vein, infrastructure network slicing, which refers to the use of dedicated and well isolated resources for each network slice at every network domain, fits the necessities of those use cases. In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of infrastructure slicing to provide isolation among PLs in an industrial private 5G network. To that end, we develop a queuing theory-based model to estimate the E2E mean packet delay of the infrastructure slices. Then, we use this model to compare the E2E mean delay for two configurations, i.e., dedicated infrastructure slices with segregated resources for each PL against the use of a single shared infrastructure slice to serve the performance-sensitive traffic from PLs. Also we evaluate the use of TSN against bare Ethernet to provide layer 2 connectivity among the 5G system components. We use a complete and realistic setup based on experimental and simulation data of the scenario considered. Our results support the effectiveness of infrastructure slicing to provide isolation in performance among the different slices. Then, using dedicated slices with segregated resources for each PL might reduce the number of the production downtimes and associated costs as the malfunctioning of a PL will not affect the network performance perceived by the performance-sensitive traffic from other PLs. Last, our results show that, besides the improvement in performance, TSN technology truly provides full isolation in the transport network compared to standard Ethernet thanks to traffic prioritization, traffic regulation, and bandwidth reservation capabilities.

The impact of seasonality on efficient airport capacity utilization

The major cause of under-capacity or overcapacity at smaller airports is seasonality. Such airports are finding it difficult to determine the capacity to meet the demand and adequately handle passengers in both high and low season. If the capacity is not optimally defined, excessive congestions and waiting times occur, resulting in lower service quality. Airports greatly benefit from capacity utilization analysis in terms of more accurate planning, designing, and adjusting capacity to the current demand in order to encourage further development as well as to reduce additional costs. Using queuing theory, this paper aims to answer the following question: is the passenger capacity at Rijeka International Airport (Croatia) optimally determined to meet the demand promptly, both in high and low season, without causing excessive congestions and waiting times. The results obtained indicate the occurrence of overcapacity since high season demand can be well served, even with reduced capacity used in the low season when demand is significantly lower.

Workload Control and Order Dispatching Rules

The purpose of this study is to choose an order dispatching rule and measure the work-in-process and lead-time in the production process of a conveyor chain manufacturer. The main strategic issue for the manufacturer is dependability, which requires meeting deadlines and managing internal lead-times. The study integrates two techniques, workload control (WLC) and an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), respectively systems for production planning and control, and multi-criteria decision support, both widely used in handling manufacturing strategic issues. The research method is a field experiment. Supported by the AHP and according to strategic criteria, practitioners selected the early due date rule (the order with the closest due date comes first) to release 231 orders. Then, employing a methodology designed to support WLC applications, the study measured key parameters that provide information regarding the overall performance of the manufacturer, the input rate, work-in-process, lead-time, throughput performance, and the level of safety stock. Using the model and a graphical tool derived from queuing theory, the throughput diagram, the study provides evidence that, although the manufacturing process is satisfactorily balanced and achieves acceptable performance, the level of safety stock is small and should be increased to prevent starvation on the shop floor.

Mathematical Model of the Delay in Communication Networks Based on QS with a Time Lag

In the mathematical modeling of modern computer networks, telecommunication networks, traffic flows, logistics and many others, the methods of queuing theory are widely used. In turn, in studies of queuing systems (QS) G/G/1 with arbitrary distribution laws of intervals between adjacent requirements of the incoming flow and their service time, the spectral decomposition method (MSD) of solving the Lindley integral equation is often used. This method is based on the search for zeros and poles of the constructed spectral decomposition in the form of some fractional-rational function using numerical methods to determine the roots of polynomials. In this case, the coefficients of the polynomial in the numerator of the expansion are expressed through the unknown parameters of the distribution laws used to describe the QS. In the case of teletraffic research, usually these unknown parameters of the distribution laws can be determined through the numerical characteristics of the intervals between traffic packets by the method of moments. The purpose of this article is to present a fundamentally new mathematical model of a system formed by two flows with distribution laws shifted to the right. This is possible only for those probability distribution laws whose density functions are Laplace transformable. The main advantages of such systems, let us call them time lag systems, are that they provide less queue latency compared to conventional systems, and that they extend the range of traffic parameters. The article presents the results obtained on the average delay of requests in the queue for a system with exponential and hyper-Erlang distributions, an algorithm for calculating the average delay and the results of computational experiments in the Mathcad package.

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Research on Optimization of Queuing System Based on Computer Simulation

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The Application of Queuing Theory in Colleague Student’s Registration

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• Xiaojun Liu 3 &
• Beibei Chen 3  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 154))

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Queuing is common in daily work and life. In the service process of daily work and life, there’s lots of tangible and intangible queuing or squeezing situation. How to grasp the essence of the phenomenon through the queuing phenomenon, revealing the inner law general law, to optimize the queuing behavior, so that can improve service efficiency and effectiveness is a concern of most people. With broaden of the University enrollment, queuing is becoming common in campus life .This article is on the use of queuing theory to optimize this problem.

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Dong Hao, Planning Design and Simulation Research of Automated Warehouse System Based on Queuing Theory, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2010

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Liu, X., Chen, B. (2012). The Application of Queuing Theory in Colleague Student’s Registration. In: Zhu, R., Ma, Y. (eds) Information Engineering and Applications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 154. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2386-6_150

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QUEUING THEORY AND IT'S IMPACT ON VARIOUS APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW

Waiting is an intimate dimension of our daily lives. Everyone has experienced waiting in line at the traffic control of daily life of human like telecommunications, reservation counter, super market, big bazaar, Picture Cinema hall ticket window and also to determining the sequence of computer operations, computer performance, health services, airport traffic, and airline ticket sales like any number of other places. Queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines and it is very useful to define Modern information technologies require innovations that are based on modelling, analyzing, designing to deals with. Queuing theory is used widely in engineering and industry for analysis and modelling of processes that involve waiting lines. Applications of queuing theory is increased day by day in the fields of banking sector, healthcare, traffic control, computer Parallel System and Distributed system are also have the base of Queue models. This paper is an attempt to analyze the instances of use of queuing theory in various applications and benefits acquired from the same. Keywords- queue, queuing theory, queuing system, queuing theory applications.

Related Papers

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology IJSRST

The purpose of this paper is to study the important role of Queuing Theory in reducing Waiting time of customer in Queuing model. The various Queuing models were used to study the different aspects and parameters which interpret the lacuna in Queuing models which helps to improve the system. It will reduced the waiting time of customer and service cost of service facility.

International journal of engineering research and technology

Vincy Verghese

Dr. Sulaiman Sani

In this article, we study the trends in queuing system mathematics (mathematical study of waiting lines) from its inception in 1909 to date. The aim is to educate on how advances in system engineering and operations research are transforming study trends in terms of scholarly contributions (historical evolution), problems formulation, analytic techniques, modeling and results. To achieve this objective, articles on this field of operations research are studied and general trends uncovered and made easily understandable for educational purposes. In the end, we came out with deductions that trends in the mathematics of queuing systems depend to a large extend on developments in operation systems and engineering. What makes this paper most interesting is the understanding that queuing problems are fast becoming pure stochastic (diffusion) problems. This understanding is made more elaborated and easily understandable for a wide variety of audience.

Dictionary of Statistics & Methodology

Babita Goyal

Ruchira Bhargava

Queuing hypothesis is a gathering of numerical models of different queuing frameworks. Queuing hypothesis is the numerical investigation of holding up lines, or lines. In queuing hypothesis a model is built so line lengths and holding up times can be anticipated. Queuing hypothesis is by and large considered a limb of operations examination in light of the fact that the results are frequently utilized when settling on business choices about the assets required giving an administration. Queuing Theory is the numerical investigation of holding up lines (or lines). The hypothesis empowers numerical investigation of a few related procedures, including landing at the (over of the) line, holding up in the line (basically a stockpiling process), and being served by the server(s) at the front of the line. The hypothesis allows the induction and estimation of a few execution measures including the normal holding up time in the line or the framework, the normal number holding up or accepting administration and the likelihood of experiencing the framework in specific states, for example, void, full, having an accessible server or needing to hold up a certain time to be served. Queuing Theory is for the most part considered an extension of operations examination in light of the fact that the results are frequently utilized when settling on business choices about the assets required giving administration. It is material in a wide mixture of circumstances that may be experienced in business, trade, industry, social insurance, open administration and designing. Applications are oftentimes experienced in client administration circumstances and also transport and telecom. Queuing hypothesis is specifically appropriate to insightful transportation frameworks, call focuses, systems, information transfers, server queuing, and centralized computer machine queuing of information transfers terminals, and progressed information transfers frameworks and traffic flow.

Kemuel Avenido

Anthony ONOJA , Edwin Moyo

IRJET Journal

- When all is said in done we don't prefer to hold up. Be that as it may, decrease of the holding up time for the most part requires additional speculations. To choose whether or not to contribute, it is essential to know the impact of the speculation on the holding up time. So we require models and strategies to investigate such circumstances. In this course we treat various basic queueing models. Consideration is paid to techniques for the examination of these models, furthermore to uses of queueing models. Essential application regions of queueing models are creation frameworks, transportation and stocking frameworks, correspondence frameworks and data handling frameworks. Queueing models are especially helpful for the outline of these framework regarding design, limits and control.

TARIQ AHMAD KOKA

This paper describes queuing system and queuing networks which are successfully used for performance analysis of different systems such as computer, communications, transportation networks and manufacturing. Queues or waiting lines are a common phenomenon in everyday life. The essence of this phenomenon is the low efficiency of queuing system. In this paper we treat elementary queuing models. Attention is paid to methods for analysis of these models and also to application of queuing models. The queuing number, the service windows number, and the optimal service rate are investigated by means of queuing theory. The time of customer in a waiting line is reduced. The customer satisfaction is increased. By illustration, it is shown that the results are effective and practical.

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