basic port numbers

14 common network ports you should know

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The physical ports on your computer allow communicate with peripheral devices such as your keyboard and mouse and to connect with internet devices via Ethernet cables.

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Witin computer networking, ports serve a similar purpose. When a computer system seeks to connect to another computer, the port serves as a communication endpoint. It is also possible for different services running on the same computer to expose various ports and communicate with one another using these ports. In simple terms, if a software application or service needs to communicate with others, it will expose a port. Ports are identified with positive 16-bit unsigned integers, ranging from 0 to 65535. Other services use this port number to communicate with the service or app. Port numbers are divided into three ranges: well-known ports, registered ports, and dynamic or private ports.

Well-known ports (also known as system ports ) are numbered from 0 through 1023. For example, to connect to the host example.com via SSH, I would use this command:

In this example, -v stands for verbose, and you should see output similar to this:

As shown, SSH is trying to connect to example.com using port number 22. You may use the -p option to specify another port number; otherwise, SSH will default to 22.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has assigned port numbers to commonly used services like SSH, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, and others. Here are some of the most common ones:

In my work, I most commonly come across ports 80, 443, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, and 53. Knowing these ports can help you work more efficiently.

What ports do you use the most, and why?

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Related Content

Common Ports Cheat Sheet: The Ultimate List

Perhaps you’re angsty that you’ve forgotten what a certain port number meant. Rest assured, you don’t have to remember all 65,535 port numbers. With so much information to remember, it’s understandable if you forget a common port. That’s why we put together this cheat sheet of common network ports for you.

A crucial domain of expertise in IT-related certifications such as Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) and those of CompTIA is port numbers and associated services , which this common ports and protocols cheat sheet covers. If you want to remember a port number or protocol, this cheat sheet will help everyone, from students to professionals.

Get a copy of this common ports cheat sheet here to keep on your desk. When you're ready, scroll below to find the port you’re looking for.

Common Ports Cheat Sheet Search

Search our Common Ports cheat sheet to find the right cheat for the term you're looking for. Simply enter the term in the search bar and you'll receive the matching cheats available.

Common Ports and Protocols Cheat Sheet

The following tables cover services (and malware) that use common TCP ports and some UDP or SCTP ports.

Well-known/System Ports: 0 – 1023

Registered Ports: 1024 – 49151

Dynamic/Private Ports: 49152 – 65535

You may use these ports for custom applications free from concerns that it may clash with existing processes.

The Most Common Ports for Exams

If you’re studying for IT certifications such as CCNA , focus on these ports:

We hope that you found this cheat sheet useful. Familiarity with ports and protocols is vital to building secure applications and troubleshooting problems on computer networks. Whether you're studying or working, this cheat sheet of common network ports will help you in academic and professional settings.

For further resources, or if you’re curious about how ports and protocols fit into cyber security, look into network security courses available with our StationX Accelerator Program .

Frequently Asked Questions

FTP: ports 20-21; SSH/SCP: port 22; HTTP: 80; HTTPS: 443; POP3: 110; POP3 over SSL: 995; IMAP: 143; IMAP over SSL: 993. We recommend you download the graphic in Well-known/System Ports .

It depends on whether you’re referring to system ports (1024) or want to include ports registered with apps (49152) because system ports range from 0 through 1023, and registered ports span 1024 – 49151.

FTP: ports 20-21; SSH/SCP: port 22; Telnet: 23; SMTP: 25; DNS: 53; HTTP: 80; POP3: 110; IMAP: 143; HTTPS: 443.

FTP: port 21; SSH/SCP: 22; Telnet: 23; SMTP: 25; DNS: 53; POP3: 110; IMAP: 145; HTTP: 80; HTTPS: 443; MySQL: 3306; RDP: 3389; VNC: 5900.

The following are the three types of ports with corresponding port number ranges: • Well-known/System ports: 0 – 1023 • Registered ports: 1024 – 49151 • Dynamic/Private ports: 49152 – 65535

Level Up in Cyber Security: Join Our Membership Today!

Nathan House is the founder and CEO of StationX. He has over 25 years of experience in cyber security, where he has advised some of the largest companies in the world. Nathan is the author of the popular "The Complete Cyber Security Course", which has been taken by over half a million students in 195 countries. He is the winner of the AI "Cyber Security Educator of the Year 2020" award and finalist for Influencer of the year 2022.

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Nathan, thank you for supplying this sheet. It comes in handy when you’re trying to remember what a particular port is used by.

Our pleasure.

Thank you, Nathan

This is a great single point to reference all default ports. Thank you!!!

Very good, it will be in front of me!

Ports on computers are required for networking, and without them, the computer would be completely isolated and it would be unable to communicate with other devices. So thank you for proving this list of the Common TCP and UDP Port numbers.

After resetting my router cause the password got changed and all the setting were changed to gain access to my computer. I spent about 20 minutes setting up the router. It appears the router never got set up from the cable company when it was installed. So if you have not done so lately check your router and settings.

Cool, Thanks for sharing!!

Sorry Nathan, i did not leave a comment for this “Common Ports” Chart last-week. I am glad i signed up to your news letter you are a good researcher. thank you for sharing with us all..

Nathan, I must thank you for these cheat sheets! They’ve been great on my learning and certification journey!

Thank you too!

Really really useful.Thanks a lot!!

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Posted on Oct 7, 2023

The Ultimate Common Ports Cheat Sheet in Computer Networking

If you’re a student studying networking or a budding IT courteous,, understanding common ports is essential. Ports serve as data gateways for data to enter and exit a computer, and understanding which services and applications use which ports is critical for network troubleshooting and security. We’ll provide you a complete list of the most often used ports and their associated services in this common ports cheat sheet, making it easier for you to traverse the world of networking.

What Are Ports in Networking and Types

What Are Ports?

Before we go into the list of common ports, let’s define ports and why they’re important in the networking world.

A port number is a 16-bit number with a 0 to 65535 decimal value range. There are three various types of port number spaces: well-known ports (0–1023), registered ports (1024–49151), and dynamic ports (49152-65535).

• Well-known or Reserved Ports: 0–1023
• Registered Ports: 1024–49,591
• Dynamic Ports: 49,592–65,535

These ports can be opened and utilised by operating system services and software programmes to send and receive data via LAN or WAN networks using certain protocols (such TCP, UDP, etc.).

For example, when you visit a website as a web blogger, your computer normally connects to the typical web on port 80 (HTTP) or a secure, virtual web connection to the web server on the port 443 (HTTPS). Goes for it. With whom he communicates. Identifying which port belongs to which service facilitates firewall conversion to network diversion, but results in insufficient defence against the problem.

What are well-known ports

Well-known ports have port numbers ranging from 0 to 1023. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) assigned these port numbers. These ports, often known as privileged ports, are reserved for common TCP/IP applications.

Each port has been given a specific application. Unencrypted online browsing is done via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) on port 80. POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) over port 110 is used to receive emails through a server.

What are registered ports

Registered ports have port numbers ranging from 1024 to 49,591. Although these port numbers are neither assigned or managed, they can be registered to minimise repetition. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the institution that can issue these ports; before, they were assigned by ICANN.

What are dynamic ports

Dynamic ports, also known as ephemeral ports, are ports that are only active for a short amount of time. They are temporary because they are “opened and closed” as a user is using an application.

Assume I wish to connect to the internet. The first step is, of course, opening a web browser. When you start a web browser and connect to the internet, you will be connected to port 80 (HTTP) or port 443 (HTTPS), depending on the encryption of that web page.

It will select a random open port, such as 49,695, to send that web page to you. When you finish looking at the web page and exit the browser you’re using, the port 49,695 on your end will be closed.

Common Ports Cheat Sheet

Now, let’s explore the most common ports with which you should acquaint yourself. We’ll categorize them for easier reference.

Well-Known Ports (0-1023)

These ports commonly associate with widely-used services and applications.

• Firstly, Port 21 – FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files over a network.
• Secondly, Port 22 – SSH (Secure Shell) provides secure remote access to systems and secure file transfers.
• Next, Port 23 – Telnet is a less secure remote access protocol used for managing network devices.
• Moving on, Port 25 – SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) handles outgoing email communication.
• Additionally, Port 53 – DNS (Domain Name System) resolves domain names to IP addresses.
• Subsequently, Port 80 – HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for unencrypted web traffic.
• Moreover, Port 443 – HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) provides secure, encrypted web communication.
• Furthermore, Port 110 – POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) retrieves email from a mail server.
• Similarly, Port 143 – IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) allows access to email on a remote mail server.
• Lastly, Port 3389 – RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) enables remote desktop connections.

Registered Ports (1024-49151)

These ports are frequently linked with applications and services that are less well-known than those in the well-known range but are nevertheless required for certain purposes.

• Port 3306 – MySQL Serves as a popular database management system.
• Port 5432 – PostgreSQL Represents another widely-used open-source database management system.
• Port 8080 – HTTP Alternate (HTTP Proxy) Frequently used as a secondary HTTP port.
• Port 27017 – MongoDB Addresses high-volume data storage needs through a NoSQL database.
• Port 5060 – SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) Facilitates voice and video calls across IP networks.
• Port 6660-6669 – Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Enables real-time text communication.
• To begin with, Port 3306 – MySQL is a popular database management system.
• Next up, Port 5432 – PostgreSQL is another widely-used open-source database management system.
• If you need an alternate HTTP port, Port 8080 – HTTP Alternate (HTTP Proxy) is often used as a secondary HTTP port.
• For NoSQL database enthusiasts, Port 27017 – MongoDB is a go-to choice for high-volume data storage.
• In the realm of communication, Port 5060 – SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) facilitates voice and video calls over IP networks.
• If you’re a fan of real-time text communication, Port 6660-6669 – Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is the way to go.
• And for secure web communication through an alternate port, don’t forget Port 8443 – HTTPS Alternate (HTTPS Alt).

Dynamic and Private Ports (49152-65535)

These ports are often used for dynamic, private, or temporary purposes. They are not assigned to specific services but are available for use as needed.

• Additionally, Port 49152-65535 – Ephemeral Ports (also known as dynamic ports) are used by client applications for temporary purposes, such as establishing connections.

Additional Ports to Know

While the above ports cover the most common ones, it’s worth mentioning a few more ports that may be important in specific contexts.

Port 161/162 – SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used in network management to manage and monitor network devices. For simpler file transfers, Port 69 – TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a viable option.

Understanding common ports and their associated services is vital for anyone involved in networking or IT systems. This cheat sheet is a helpful resource for navigating the world of networking. Remember that, while these are the most frequent ports, there are many more, and new ones may emerge as technology improves. Maintain your interest and keep learning in order to keep your networking knowledge up to date. Whether you’re a student or an IT professional, this information will help you master the complexities of networking.

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Computer Ports: Usage & Role in Networking

Discover the wide range of computer connections

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• University of Illinois

In This Article

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Physical Ports

Ports in wireless networking, internet protocol ports, issues with ports in computer networking.

Computer ports   are an essential feature of all computing devices. Ports provide the input and output interfaces the device needs to communicate with peripherals and computer networks .

The most important ports on computers are used for networking, for without them, the computer would be completely isolated and unable to communicate outside of itself.

A port can be either physical or virtual. Physical network ports allow you to connect cables to computers, routers , modems , and other peripheral devices. Ports are physically connected in one way or another to the motherboard .

Several types of physical ports available on computer network hardware include:

• Ethernet ports : Square-shaped connection points for Ethernet cables .
• USB ports : Rectangular-shaped connection points for USB cables.
• Serial ports : Round-shaped connection points for serial cables.

Networking aside, other ports that exist on a computer include ones for video (like HDMI or VGA ), mice and keyboards ( PS/2 ), FireWire , and eSATA , among others.

While wired computer networks rely on physical ports and cables, wireless networks don't need them. Wi-Fi networks, for example, use channel numbers representing radio signaling bands.

However, wired and wireless networking can blend via physical computer ports. For example, a network adapter plugged into a computer's USB port turns the wired computer into a wireless computer, thus bridging the gap between the two technologies using a port.

Virtual ports are an essential component of  Internet Protocol (IP)  networking. These ports allow software applications to share hardware resources without interfering with each other.

Computers and routers automatically manage network traffic traveling via their virtual ports. Network firewalls also provide some control over the flow of traffic on each virtual port for security purposes.

In IP networking, these virtual ports are structured via port numbers , from 0 through 65535. For example, port 80 lets you access websites through your web browser , and port 21 is associated with FTP.

Physical ports can stop functioning for several reasons. Causes of port failure include:

• Power surges (for devices physically connected to electric mains).
• Water damage.
• Internal failure.
• Damage caused by the cable pins (for example, inserting cables too forcefully or by attempting to plug the wrong type of cable into a port).

Except for damage to pins, a physical inspection of the port hardware won't find anything obviously wrong. A failure of one port on a multiport device (such as a network router) doesn't affect the functioning of the other ports.

The speed and specification level of a physical port can also not be determined by physical inspection. Some Ethernet devices, for example, operate at a maximum of 100 Mbps , while others support Gigabit Ethernet , but the physical connector is the same in both cases. Similarly, some USB connectors support version 3.0 while others only support USB 2.x or sometimes USB 1.x .

The most common challenge with virtual ports is network security. Internet attackers regularly probe the ports of websites, routers, and any other network gateways . A network firewall helps guard against these attacks by limiting access to ports based on their number.

To be most effective, a firewall tends to be overprotective and will sometimes block traffic that a person wanted to allow. Methods for configuring the rules that firewalls use to process traffic—such as  port forwarding rules —can be complicated for non-professionals to manage.

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TCP/IP Ports and Sockets Explained

The IP address identifies the device e.g. computer.

However an IP address alone is not sufficient for running network applications, as a computer can run multiple applications and/or services .

Just as the IP address identifies the computer, The network port identifies the application or service running on the computer.

The use of ports allow computers/devices to run multiple services/applications .

The diagram below shows a computer to computer connection and identifies the IP addresses and ports.

If you use a house or apartment block analogy the IP address corresponds to the street address.

All of the apartments share the same street address.

However each apartment also has an apartment number which corresponds to the Port number.

Port Number Ranges and Well Known Ports

A port number uses 16 bits and so can therefore have a value from 0 to 65535 decimal

Port numbers are divided into ranges as follows:

Port numbers 0-1023 – Well known ports. These are allocated to server services by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). e.g Web servers normally use port 80 and SMTP servers use port 25 (see diagram above).

Ports 1024-49151- Registered Port -These can be registered for services with the IANA and should be treated as semi-reserved. User written programs should not use these ports.

Ports 49152-65535 – These are used by client programs and you are free to use these in client programs. When a Web browser connects to a web server the browser will allocate itself a port in this range. Also known as ephemeral ports .

TCP Sockets

A connection between two computers uses a socket.

A socket is the combination of IP address plus port

Imagine sitting on your PC at home, and you have two browser windows open.

One looking at the Google website, and the other at the Yahoo website.

The connection to Google would be:

Your PC – IP1 +port 60200 ——– Google IP2 +port 80 (standard port)

The combination IP1+60200 = the socket on the client computer and IP2 + port 80 = destination socket on the Google server.

The connection to Yahoo would be:

your PC – IP1 +port 60401 ——–Yahoo IP3 +port 80 (standard port)

The combination IP1+60401 = the socket on the client computer and IP3 + port 80 = destination socket on the Yahoo server.

Notes : IP1 is the IP address of your PC. Client port numbers are dynamically assigned, and can be reused once the session is closed.

TCP and UDP -The Transport Layer

Note : You may find reading the article on the TCP/IP protocol suite useful to understand the following

IP addresses are implemented at the networking layer which is the IP layer.

Ports are implemented at the transport layer as part of the TCP or UDP header as shown in the schematic below:

The TCP/IP protocol supports two types of port- TCP Port and UDP Port .

TCP – is for connection orientated applications. It has built in error checking and will re transmit missing packets.

UDP – is for connection less applications. It has no has built in error checking and will not re transmit missing packets.

Applications are designed to use either the UDP or TCP transport layer protocol depending on the type of connection they require.

For example a web server normally uses TCP port 80 .

It can use any port, but the web server application is designed to use a TCP connection. See TCP vs UDP

Here is a very good video that explains ports and sockets really well

Checking For Open Ports

Windows and Linux systems have a utility called netstat which will give you a list of open ports on your computer.

These articles show you how to use netstat on windows and on linux .

You can check the port status of remote machines using a port scanner line nmap .

You can install NMAP on windows,Linux and Apple. It can be used with a graphical user interface of as a command line tool.

Here is a useful article on using NMAP from the command line .

Here is a good video on using Nmap and also covers TCP/IP connection procedures which is useful for understanding ports.

References and resources:

TCP and UDP basics -Connecting to a website- This is for programmers but there is no coding just an explanation of ports and sockets.

Connection states – if you are wondering what established and listening and the other state descriptions mean. here is a good state diagram that it refers to.

Online port tester Collection of tools for port scanning and web server testing.

Related Articles:

• TCP/IP protocol suite explained
• Port Forwarding Explained
• IPv4 Basics

70 comments

I created an inbound UDP port (10512); but I am not able to see this port. I also tried creating other ports in the noted range with out any success. Registered Ports: 1024 through 49151 portqry —-> UDP port 10512 (unknown service): NOT LISTENING Thanks for any clarification

Have you tried writing a program to send/receive data on that port.What utility are you using to view the ports. Rgds

Sorry, no time to research and develop a program. it would nice. I am trying to use online tools. I think that I just learned that portqry works great for TCP. I am trying to use iperf3; however not enough hands on as of yet. I see that iperf3 created inbound rule TCP and UDP. I deleted the TCP. I need more flying hours. iperf3 -s -p 10512 ———————————————————– Server listening on 10512 ———————————————————– I am also trying to use netstat to see if the port is listening; however no progress on that end. netstat -ab

netsh firewall show state netsh will show UDP port on client computer with Win 11 PRO but not on the server 2019.

thanks for any input

client side >iperf3 -c 10.241.71.38 -u -p 10512 -b 10M

I’ve decided to try to mess around with port forwarding as a means to try to get me and my friend who live in the same town and use the same internet provider (Spectrum) to be able to connect to each other in games that do not have dedicated servers. Spectrum’s peer-to-peer is absolute trash, and we can never connect to each other playing games like Risk of Rain 2, Elden Ring, etc. I’m trying to find a port that would help us overcome the connection issues. Any advice?

I’m not a gamer and so I have never experienced these issues. However games have their own ports have you checked on the required ports for these games? Rgds Steve

Hi Steve, I have a requirement. We have a web application which is connected to a mobile/Android POS device. This web application connects via TCPIP. As of today, we have the connections that are initiated from the device. the URL and port # of the web server is configured in the device and the connection is initiated from the device. Web application will respond to a request from the device. We now want to initiate the request from the server. Can we add another port # for this new communication? Similarly, there is a 3rd communication that happens from the device on timed intervals. For this, we want to use a 3rd port. Is this a possible solution for this? Happy to discuss this separately too.

I assume that you are talking about a web server. A web server cannot start a connection. Rgds Steve

Respected Sir Thank you so much for this informative article. I am a first year IT student. Sir , if I visit any particular website for 15 minutes and visit various sections of this website (feedback/ contact us / about us etc) in such case, does my visit to various sections is considered as a single connection/ single session or they are considered as multiple connections / multiple sessions to this website? Also what is the role of session ID in TCP IP communication along with port and socket Thank you Sir Bhavesh

It is a single TCP/IP connection. If you close the tab and then revisit by typing in the url then you will get a new connection.

Just out of curiosity, if the user visits different pages on the website, won’t these be over a new TCP connection every time unless a long-lived HTTP is used?

No they will be a single connection just a different get command. HTTP now hold the connection open by default until you close the browser tab. Rgds Steve

Thanks Steve for making it vividly simple.

I have a problem with an application that uses fixed source ports in the communication with the server. If the communication ends for some reason the clients tries to put the communication up again using the same source port. The problem is that the server have not gotten a fin packet that takes down the communication and it still listens for the communication from the client in a ESTABLISHED status if you run netstat -a on the server. If the client had not used fixed ports I would think that the communication would reconnect with a new session because the client had used “+1” on its source port and the server would connect the communication with a new socket.

Is there a “best practice” rfc that explains why it is not a good idea to use fixed ports?

Not that I am aware.

Wonderful, I’ve sent it over email along with some info It runs on Ubuntu Thank you for your time on this and God bless Al

I have a software which creates 4 sockets with apparently random numbers (the person who developed left no documentation)

However, the client which connects to it only sends over port 9091

Is there a way to interconnect those random number sockets and port 9091 so the client is able to connect to the software?

Thanks in advance and God bless

Hi It sounds like the software is supposed to be a server which usually has fixed ports. What does the software do?

It receives video data, connects to a MariaDB server, and serves as an API to it, receiving calls from a mobile app and sending customer data back

I wonder if the reason why it opens 4 sockets is to receive and send video data and receive and send customer data

Either way, the problem is that it creates sockets of random numbers instead of a 9091 port which is what the android app uses

Below its log, hope that sheds some light and thanks

[0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000001] SDSS int server v1.2.0 – b6 (01/03/2021) run up at Thu Jul 1 12:55:01 2021 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000002] debug level set to 99 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000003] args[ ./dvis -d99 ] [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000004] startup info follows: [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000005] stdin handle 0 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000006] openSQL( 0x5f687580 ) [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000007] openSQL: Connection successful to ‘127.0.0.1’ as ‘sa’ [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000008] hostname being used is ‘stipra.com’ [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000009] get_ipaddress() [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000010] lo IP Address 127.0.0.1 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000011] wlo1 IP Address 192.168.1.142 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000012] lo IP Address ::1 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000013] wlo1 IP Address fe80::d6a7:186d:aa86:5311 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000014] get_ipaddress: returning an IP4 address of 192.168.1.142 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000015] Running on server stipra.com IP address 192.168.1.142 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000016] setsockopt returned 0, errno 11 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000017] sockets created [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000018] 63420 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000019] 29616 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000020] 6052 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000021] 43464 [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000022] wait_for_cmd(0x1) [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000023] stdin(0) [0121/06/01 12:55:01][0000-00000024] recv_d( 0, 0x7f90fdd4e010, 8 ) [0121/06/01 12:56:01][0000-00000025] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 12:57:01][0000-00000026] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 12:58:01][0000-00000027] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 12:59:01][0000-00000028] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:00:01][0000-00000029] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:01:01][0000-00000030] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:02:01][0000-00000031] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:03:01][0000-00000032] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:04:01][0000-00000033] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:05:01][0000-00000034] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:06:01][0000-00000035] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:07:01][0000-00000036] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:08:01][0000-00000037] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:09:01][0000-00000038] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:10:01][0000-00000039] recv_d: Select timeout, retrying [0121/06/01 13:10:01][0000-00000040] wait_for_cmd: Initial receive is not 8 bytes [0121/06/01 13:10:01][0000-00000041] pipe broken exiting

Sorry don’t know, It looks like it is creating client connections but not sure what to. When you say it receives video data I assume that that is coming in on a port. The database would need another. The mobile app is used to view the video I assume. Is any part of it working. Where is the mobile App located(internet or same network). Is this a standard kit or is it put together by yourself? Rgds Steve

The software creates 4 sockets with random port numbers but none of them are the port 9091 which the APP uses. The mobile App is on the internet.

The software connects to a tunnel connection 10.8.0.0, which leads me to believe it requires the creation of some kind of tunnel to capture anything received from the internet on port 9091 from 192.168.1.142 and forward it to those 4 sockets through some kind of dynamic port forwarding thing or something like that

I tried to use ssh -D 192.168.1.142:9091 -N -f [email protected] and I am able to telnet 192.168.1.142 and connect the app, but no data seems to go or come back 🙁

The software connects to the database, and that’s actually the only thing it is doing well

Does it have any setup instructions. Is it off the shelf software and does it have a website that I can take a look at. Rgds Steve

It is a bespoke software made by a person who left the company and never left any documentation. It is developed in C++ 32 bits I can send it to your email which I believe is [email protected] as it is rather small, along with how to run itm (the little I know at least)

That email will work is it for windows or linux?

Hi, I have a question, is it possible for me to run 2 applications and connect to different ip but using same port number (example 6000) ?

Yes you are doing that when you connect to two different websites as they both use port 80 rgds steve

So I have a question. Let’s say there is a webserver A which hosts a website and that server A has the port 443 open and let’s say I have written a code as part of a webpage on that website and that code connects to a remote server B to get some data. Can server A somehow restrict me and only allow connections to the port 443 on the remote server B and not allow me to connect me to any other port on remote server B? Have you seen such a restriction before and if yes then what would be the reason behind such a restriction? Thank you

Not quite sure exactly what restriction you mean but you can restrict on destination port and ip and source port and IP if that helps rgds steve

Hi Steve, So here is the scenario. The webserver A has the port 443 open for any incoming requests. The webserver A hosts a website and one of the pages of that website has C# code which makes API calls to a remote server B. I was told by the network admin of Webserver A that the C# API call should be made only to the port 443 of the remote server B. Currently the remote server B has port 7093 open and it’s listening to any API requests on that port. So my questions are:- 1. Is it possible for the network admin to disallow API calls to ports other than 443? 2. What could be the reason for such a restriction? After all, how can restricting a destination port give you any sort of advantage? Port is just a number on which the server listens. Please help. Thank you

Yes you can filter incoming traffic on port, ip address and protocol even on basic firewalls. Restricting ports is for security reasons Rgds Steve

Minor formatting issue: “{outline]Each end of the connection will have a socket.{/outline]”

Tks for pointing that out. Rgds Steve

Very well explained, thanks a lot!

Steve, this was very well explained, thank you.

Thank you very much! Realy clear explanation.

I want to read a data from a machine which supports open protocol if the machine is in network and if I know IP address and port number(socket) how can I read a data from it(I know it send and receive data in packet format )

Hi not sure what you mean by supports open protocol. Rgds Steve

Thank you, Steve! Is it possible with TCP/IP sockets to send requests to one IP:PORT and listen for responses on a different IP:PORT. E.g. we want to send to a load balancer IP but listen for response on localhost.

Hi Not quite sure of what you mean exactly but load balancing is quite common. This might help https://www.citrix.com/glossary/load-balancing.html

Question: When a program on your computer sends or receives data over the Internet it sends that data to an ip address and a specific port on the remote computer. How does my computer know what port a specific application is working on another computer to populate the TCP Header?

When Machine A connects to machine B. The source ip and port are contained in the connection packet as well as the destination port and IP address. The IP packet contains the ip addresses and the tcp layer contains the port numbers see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

Hi Steve, Thanks for the tutorial can you please help me with the following issue I have multiple devices connected to the same network and I want to transfer data across them, how can I transmit the data the IP of some devices changes after a particular time I can keep the port number constant but the devices don’t know each others IP address and also I don’t want to use UDP because it is not reliable

Hi You need to use DNS.Because the IP changes you need dynamic DNS. Most devices have MDNS enabled. See this article on my other site https://stevessmarthomeguide.com/name-resolution-and-dns-on-home-networks/ To seen if mdns is working try ping computer_name.local However the easiest solution is to give them static IP addresses. Rgds Steve

Great site. I have a quick question. If I receive a UDP datagram using recvmsg(), will the msghdr structure be filled out with the sender’s IP and port (in the msg_name field, which is a sockaddr struct)?

Many thanks.

Hi Haven’t programmed c with UDP but according to IBM then yes for ip address but doesn’t mention the port. https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.hala001/rcvm.htm rgds steve

hi ,I have some questions When using TCP protocol, the client must use in its message the IP address and Port number of the server. And it must also include its own IP address and port number. why?

4- When using UDP protocol, the client is required to use in its message the IP address and Port number of the server. But it is not required to include its own IP address and port number.why?

TCP is a connection orientated protocol and so the destination device needs to know who to send a reply to. UDP is connectionless and so doesn’t require a response and hence the source IP address is optional. Rgds Steve

really very useful..thanks for your explanation

Can Server and client share the port number, eg : Server is listening at port num : 51001 and client also listens on the same port num : 510001 .

Can you pls explain this

Yes providing they are on different hardware. A port is simply a door into the machine the numbers themselves aren’t really important except for the conventions already adopted and standardised. Machines use 16bits for the port numbers hence the limitation of 64,000.

16 bits = 1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128+256+512+1024+2048+4096+8192+16384+32768 = 65535

Good job Steve. I have a question, and it goes like this: if i have 2 browsers from my PC connecting to the same service, for example both browsers are connecting to google.com, does that mean that the two browsers from my computer are connecting to the same socket in the google server? Meaning can more than one socket connect to a socket at the same time?

Yes they use the same IP and port on the Google server but different ports on the client. rgds steve

Hi, Thanks for this information sharing. It is very well explained. I have following doubt, What I understand is TCP protocol takes care of data transmission error that duplication of packets or packet in true form delivered to other end. This is not done in UDP protocol. But when I see the Schematic of TCP, UDP & IP in your article I do not find any block for error checking in TCP where as UDP has checksum. Could you please clear my doubt.

The TCP packet also has a checksum which isn’t shown in my schematic you can see the full structure on wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol However it is the ack and nack messages that are responsible or making sure all of the data is received. Rgds Steve

In above example, google application/service and yahoo application/service both uses same port number i.e:80. Then there should be ambiguity that is to which application/service it should refer to either google or yahoo ;How it knows that it is google or yahoo as both has same port number? Answer will help me alot.

Google and Yaoo have different IP addresses. When you connect to google you use Google_IP +port 80. When you connect to Yahoo you connect to Yahoo_IP + port 80. Does that make sense? rgds steve

The IP is the who and the Port is part of the how.

The IP address of google and yahoo is different. say for google 172.13.73.130 and for yahoo 172.23.73.128 so even accessing the same port the two sockets will be totally different and hence different connections.

using the real world analogy two rooms of two different apartments may have the same room number and hence two server system may have same port number as well.

The port number 80 is the open port of server.here Google server had an open port (80) also Yahoo had an open port (80).

Both Google and Yahoo had different IP addresses.

If I want to connect Google server,I will open a new port,for example I will open port 5000, at the same time I will open another port 5002 to connect with Yahoo server.

My IP + 5000 — connects — Google IP + 80

My IP + 5002 — connects — Yahoo IP + 80

Great work!

Good Job!! Well Explained

Hi! keep up the good work. I have few doubts though, hope you can clear them: 1. Can you tell if a server uses a single port 80 on all of its connections to clients? Or is it used only by the Welcoming socket? Can port 80 handle multiple connections simultaneously?

A port (e.g port 80) can handle multiple connections each connection is a socket and will have a different source IP address and port number.

No… a session needs to be established at said layer. A is lessening on port 443 (SSL) for incoming packets and firewall infront is in addition to alllowing 443 to A also policing 25, 80 etc Whatever….

Excellent explanation. Thankyou!

very good information

The way you explain ed it, now it’s very easy understand the whole thing thanks alot sir .

Complete details about the TCP / IP ports and the sockets. in this article .The infographic is so good that anybody can understand at a glance. I request the author to post more articles on networking.

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50 Common Ports You Should Know

Introduction.

In the world of computer networking, ports play a crucial role in facilitating communication between different devices. A port can be defined as a logical channel through which information streams between two devices. Each port has a unique number assigned to it, known as a port number. Understanding port numbers and their comparing administrations is fundamental for anybody who works with computer systems.

In this article, we'll examine 50 of the most common ports that you should know. These ports are assembled into different types based on their characteristics and utilization. We'll investigate their highlights, significance, and centrality in computer organizing.

Discuss About 50 Common Ports You Should Know?

These ports are used to facilitate communication between devices on the network and are essential for network administrators and IT professionals to understand.

Every port in computer networking is associated with a specific protocol or service, and each protocol or service is assigned a standard port number by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). These would be organized into three ranges - well-known ports (0 to 1023), registered ports (1024 to 49151), and dynamic/private ports (49152 to 65535).

The article gives a comprehensive list of the 50 most commonly utilized ports, their related conventions, and the sorts of administrations that ordinarily utilize them. It too incorporates a brief clarification of how to utilize harbor filtering instruments to identify open ports and vulnerabilities.

Well-Known Ports

Well-known ports are those ports whose numbers range from 0 to 1023. They are assigned to specific services and protocols, and their numbers are standardized by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Some common well-known ports include −

Port 80: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Port 21: FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Port 25: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Port 22: SSH (Secure Shell)

Port 443: HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

Port 53: DNS (Domain Name System)

Registered Ports

Registered ports are those ports whose numbers range from 1024 to 49151. They are assigned to user processes or applications by the IANA upon request. Some commonly registered ports include −

Port 3306: MySQL Database

Port 5432: PostgreSQL Database

Port 3389: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Port 27017: MongoDB Database

Port 1521: Oracle Database

Dynamic or Private Ports

These ports whose numbers range from 49152 to 65535. They are used by client applications to initiate communication with servers. Some common dynamic or private ports include −

Port 49152: Windows RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

Port 5353: mDNS (Multicast Domain Name System)

Port 5672: AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)

Port 5355: LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution)

Port 49153: Windows RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

Impact of ports on Computer Networks

Port numbers play a vital role in the security of computer networks.

Misconfigured ports can lead to security breaches and data leaks.

Understanding port numbers and their corresponding services can help in the identification and prevention of cyber-attacks.

Significance of ports

Ports are the backbone of computer organizing and empowering communication between different devices and applications.

Ports encourage the exchange of information between different protocols and administrations.

The standardization of well-known ports by the IANA guarantees that different devices can communicate with each other consistently.

Some other common ports are

Telnet (23) - Telnet protocol to ensure effective communication along with the remote server.

POP3 (110) - Post Office Protocol version 3 for email retrieval.

IMAP (143) - Internet Message Access Protocol for email retrieval.

DHCP (67/68) - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IP address allocation.

NTP (123) - Network Time Protocol for time synchronization.

SNMP (161/162) - Simple Network Management Protocol to verify the functionality of the network and management of network.

SMB (445) - Server Message Block protocol for file sharing and printer sharing.

AFP (548) - Apple Filing Protocol for file sharing between Macs.

NetBIOS (137-139) - NetBIOS protocol for network communication between Windows devices.

HTTP Proxy (8080) - HTTP proxy server.

SOCKS (1080) - SOCKS proxy server.

MySQL (3306) - MySQL database server.

MSSQL (1433) - Microsoft SQL Server database server.

Oracle (1521) - Oracle database server.

LDAP (389/636) - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol for directory services.

SMB2 (5722) - SMB version 2 protocol.

IKE (500) - Internet Key Exchange protocol for VPN connections.

L2TP (1701) - Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol for VPN connections.

PPTP (1723) - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol for VPN connections.

SIP (5060/5061) - Session Initiation Protocol for VoIP communication.

RTP (16384-32767) - Real-time Transport Protocol for audio and video transmission.

RTCP (16384-32767) - Real-time Control Protocol for audio and video transmission.

HTTPS Proxy (3128) - HTTPS proxy server.

Squid (3128) - Squid proxy server.

VNC (5900) - Virtual Network Computing for remote access.

IRC (6667/6697) - Internet Relay Chat for real-time communication.

Bonjour (5353) - Bonjour protocol for network discovery and communication.

NFS (2049) - Network File System for file sharing.

Redis (6379) - Redis key-value store.

Memcached (11211) - Memcached distributed memory caching system.

Rsync (873) - Remote synchronization for file transfers.

Zeroconf (5353) - Zero Configuration Networking for automatic network configuration.

XMPP (5222/5223) - Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol for instant messaging.

VMware vSphere Client (443) - VMware vSphere Client for virtualization.

In conclusion, understanding the common ports used in computer networking is essential for IT professionals and network administrators. Being aware of these ports can help them troubleshoot network issues and ensure smooth communication between devices on the network.

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TCP and UDP Ports Explained

• Lawrence Abrams
• March 24, 2004
• Read 1,480,497 times

Introduction

In this tutorial we will discuss the concept of Ports and how they work with IP addresses. If you have not read our article on IP addresses and need a brush up, you can find the article here . If you understand the concepts of IP addresses, then lets move on to TCP and UDP ports and how they work.

The devices and comptuers connected to the Internet use a protocol called TCP/IP to communicate with each other. When a computer in New York wants to send a piece of data to a computer in England, it must know the destination IP address that it woud like to send the information to. That information is sent most often via two methods, UDP and TCP.

The two Internet workhorses: UDP and TCP

UDP? TCP? I know you are getting confused, but I promise I will explain this in very basic terms so that you can understand this concept.

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. Using this method, the computer sending the data connects directly to the computer it is sending the data it to, and stays connected for the duration of the transfer. With this method, the two computers can guarantee that the data has arrived safely and correctly, and then they disconnect the connection. This method of transferring data tends to be quicker and more reliable, but puts a higher load on the computer as it has to monitor the connection and the data going across it. A real life comparison to this method would be to pick up the phone and call a friend. You have a conversation and when it is over, you both hang up, releasing the connection.

UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. Using this method, the computer sending the data packages the information into a nice little package and releases it into the network with the hopes that it will get to the right place. What this means is that UDP does not connect directly to the receiving computer like TCP does, but rather sends the data out and relies on the devices in between the sending computer and the receiving computer to get the data where it is supposed to go properly. This method of transmission does not provide any guarantee that the data you send will ever reach its destination. On the other hand, this method of transmission has a very low overhead and is therefore very popular to use for services that are not that important to work on the first try. A comparison you can use for this method is the plain old US Postal Service. You place your mail in the mailbox and hope the Postal Service will get it to the proper location. Most of the time they do, but sometimes it gets lost along the way.

Now that you understand what TCP and UDP are, we can start discussing TCP and UDP ports in detail. Lets move on to the next section where we can describe the concept of ports better.

TCP and UDP Ports

As you know every computer or device on the Internet must have a unique number assigned to it called the IP address. This IP address is used to recognize your particular computer out of the millions of other computers connected to the Internet. When information is sent over the Internet to your computer how does your computer accept that information? It accepts that information by using TCP or UDP ports.

An easy way to understand ports is to imagine your IP address is a cable box and the ports are the different channels on that cable box. The cable company knows how to send cable to your cable box based upon a unique serial number associated with that box (IP Address), and then you receive the individual shows on different channels (Ports).

Ports work the same way. You have an IP address, and then many ports on that IP address. When I say many, I mean many. You can have a total of 65,535 TCP Ports and another 65,535 UDP ports. When a program on your computer sends or receives data over the Internet it sends that data to an ip address and a specific port on the remote computer, and receives the data on a usually random port on its own computer. If it uses the TCP protocol to send and receive the data then it will connect and bind itself to a TCP port. If it uses the UDP protocol to send and receive data, it will use a UDP port. Figure 1, below, is a represenation of an IP address split into its many TCP and UDP ports. Note that once an application binds itself to a particular port, that port can not be used by any other application. It is first come, first served.

<-------------------- 192.168.1.10 -------------------->

This all probably still feels confusing to you, and there is nothing wrong with that, as this is a complicated concept to grasp. Therefore, I will give you an example of how this works in real life so you can have a better understanding. We will use web servers in our example as you all know that a web server is a computer running an application that allows other computers to connect to it and retrieve the web pages stored there.

In order for a web server to accept connections from remote computers, such as yourself, it must bind the web server application to a local port. It will then use this port to listen for and accept connections from remote computers. Web servers typically bind to the TCP port 80, which is what the http protocol uses by default, and then will wait and listen for connections from remote devices. Once a device is connected, it will send the requested web pages to the remote device, and when done disconnect the connection.

On the other hand, if you are the remote user connecting to a web server it would work in reverse. Your web browser would pick a random TCP port from a certain range of port numbers, and attempt to connect to port 80 on the IP address of the web server. When the connection is established, the web browser will send the request for a particular web page and receive it from the web server. Then both computers will disconnect the connection.

Now, what if you wanted to run an FTP server, which is a server that allows you to transfer and receive files from remote computers, on the same web server. FTP servers use TCP ports 20 and 21 to send and receive information, so you won't have any conflicts with the web server running on TCP port 80. Therefore, the FTP server application when it starts will bind itself to TCP ports 20 and 21, and wait for connections in order to send and receive data.

Most major applications have a specific port that they listen on and they register this information with an organization called IANA. You can see a list of applications and the ports they use at the IANA Registry . With developers registering the ports their applications use with IANA, the chances of two programs attempting to use the same port, and therefore causing a conflict, will be diminished.

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Server Ports Basics You Must Know

In network technology, server ports are categorized into physical ports and logical ports, also known as virtual ports. Physical ports, like Ethernet, LAN, and USB ports, serve as connectors for various network devices such as ADSL modems, hubs, switches, and routers. On the other hand, logical ports primarily pertain to TCP/IP protocol ports, distinguished by port numbers ranging from 0 to 65535. Examples include port 80 for web browsing services and port 21 for FTP services. Let's delve into the definition, classification, and methods to identify the open logical ports on a server.

     ''Also Check- Network Servers

What Are Server Physical Ports?

Server physical ports, integral components among server ports, encompass visual interfaces and input/output connectors essential for establishing communication between a server and other devices or computer networks. Various types of physical ports found on servers include VGA ports, IPMI ports, Ethernet ports, USB ports, and serial ports.

VGA Ports: Serving as a graphics card interface, the VGA port facilitates the transmission of video signals, significantly contributing to visual display capabilities. Simultaneously, the IPMI port, also known as the Intelligent Platform Management Interface port, plays a crucial role in server management.

Ethernet Ports: Essential for networking, Ethernet ports establish connections between servers and computer network equipment. The server LAN port, commonly linked to a router, plays a pivotal role in creating wired network connections across local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks.

USB (Universal Serial Bus) Ports: Found on servers, USB ports provide connectivity for devices like mice, 4U chassis, and keyboards. With plug-and-play and hot-swappable functionality, server USB ports enhance convenience for tasks such as file copying and plug-in installations.

Server Serial Ports: Including COM ports, these ports function as standard cable interfaces. Enabling data transmission between serial ports and network devices like switches and microcomputers, the serial port empowers users to access, manage, and configure remote devices over the network using their computers.

What Are Server Logical Ports?

In response to the evolving demands of communication networks, the traditional physical ports of server ports are facing limitations. To address this, logical ports, commonly referred to as TCP/IP protocol ports, have emerged as a contemporary solution. These logical ports are categorized based on their distinct properties and services, each catering to specific needs and functionalities within the network.

Server Ports by Properties

With the development of communication networks, the physical ports of server ports can no longer meet network requirements, giving rise to logical ports. Logical ports, also known as TCP/IP protocol ports, are classified into various types based on their properties and services. Each of them provides different services.

Well-known Ports: Ranging from 0 to 1023, well-known ports are dedicated to specific services, adhering to predefined service protocols on servers.

Registered Ports: Falling between 1024 and 49151, registered ports are also associated with server services. However, these ports lack clearly defined service objects, allowing different applications to redefine them based on their requirements.

Dynamic / Private ports: Spanning from 49152 to 65535, dynamic or private ports are typically not allocated for common services. These ports are considered vulnerable to Trojan horse attacks, and caution is advised in their use.

Server Ports by Services

If categorized based on the different service modes, ports can be further divided into two types: "TCP protocol ports" and "UDP protocol ports." This is because computers typically communicate with each other using the TCP and UDP communication protocols. You can click here to view the list of server TCP ports and UDP ports.

TCP Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) stands as a foundational connection-oriented communication protocol. This protocol plays a pivotal role in enabling computing devices and applications to transmit data across networks while ensuring its delivery. TCP is integral to the seamless functioning of the global internet. The common ports used with the TCP protocol include the following:

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Operating on the seventh layer of the OSI model and the fourth layer of the TCP model (application layer), FTP is a set of standard protocols for network file transfer. Users can communicate with another host using file operations through the FTP protocol.

Telnet: This port serves remote login purposes, allowing users to connect to a computer remotely using their own identity through servers. Telnet provides a communication service based on DOS mode.

SMTP: Ensuring high-reliability email transmission, SMTP operates as a mail transfer service built on the FTP file transfer service. Primarily used for transferring mail information between systems, SMTP notifies users about incoming letters, hence its association with mail servers.

POP3: Used for receiving mail and corresponding to SMTP, POP3 operates on port 110. When servers have the appropriate POP3 protocol program, users can receive mail through their mail program.

UDP Protocol

The UDP protocol within server ports operates as a connectionless transmission control protocal situated in the OSI reference model. Primarily utilized in data services where packet transmission order is not critical, UDP is applicable to multiple applications concurrently running on a server. Noteworthy UDP port numbers encompass 53 (DNS), 69 (TFTP), and 161 (SNMP). Prominent applications utilizing UDP protocols include TFTP, SNMP, NFS, DNS, and BOOTP.

Difference Between TCP and UDP

The TCP and UDP protocol ports on the server ports provide different services for a wide variety of devices connected to the server, which allows them to coexist under the same IP address . So what is the difference between the TCP protocol port and the UDP protocol port? Here is the answer.

TCP ports provide a more reliable service link because they must establish endpoints between sending and receiving locations. These ports keep track of data, ensuring that packets are delivered to recipients in a safe and orderly manner.

UDP ports boast faster connection speeds but with relatively lower reliability. These ports permit data to be sent out of order and lack the tracking and inspection capabilities found in TCP ports. They are primarily employed for speed-critical operations, including online gaming or video conferencing.

Checking Open Logical Ports on the Server

To retrieve information about your server ports, you can utilize the Netstat command on your computer. Netstat is commonly employed to present statistical data concerning IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP protocols, offering insights into the network connections associated with each server port on the machine. Functioning as a program accessing network and kernel-related information, Netstat delivers comprehensive reports on TCP connections, TCP and UDP monitoring, and process memory management.

Understanding your server port information is crucial for maintaining control over your applications. Since different applications rely on specific server ports, monitoring them becomes essential for ensuring system stability. In cases where certain ports are inactive or unusable, prompt attention and troubleshooting are necessary. Additionally, opening a port through router configurations can be a solution for directing traffic to specific devices or applications. It's important to highlight that manipulating certain ports may be required to navigate firewalls and prevent hindrances to their functionality.

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• Network Ports

In computer networking, there are network port numbers used for various applications. The range of these network ports are from 0 to 65535 . There are three different port types used networking. These network port types are given below:

• Well-known Ports (0 – 1023)
• Registered Ports (1024 – 49151)
• Dynamic Ports (Private Ports) (49152 – 65565)

Some of these port numbers are well-known ports. These well-known ports are the reserved ports between 0 and 1023 . The full list of these network port numbers are given in RFC 1700. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) assigns these well-known ports.

The other network   ports are registered ports between 1024 and 49151 . These ports are assigned by IANA for specific services.

The last part of ports in networking are dynamic ports. Daynamic ports are the ports from 49152 to 65565 . These ports in networking are not registered with IANA.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) uses these well-known ports. Only one port is required for full-duplex, bidirectional traffic. Beside SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) and DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol) use these ports.

You can download the Cheat Sheet about Well-known network ports.

Table of Contents

Well Known Ports in Networking

Well-known network ports are from 0 to 1024 . These port numbers are given by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) . And the full list of these port numbers are in RFC 1700.

Some of these  well-known ports are used by TCP and some of them are used UDP. These TCP and UDP ports are also asked in many network engineering technical interviews as interview questions . So, what are these ports in networking?

Well-known TCP ports are the network ports used by the applications that works with TCP as transport protocol. So, what are these applications that uses well-known TCP ports ?

For example, FTP (File Transport Protocol) is one of the applications that uses TCP ports. The FTP ports are TCP port 20 and TCP port 21 . The other applcation that uses TCP as transport protocol is Telnet. Telnet uses TCP port 23 .

Well-known UDP ports are the network ports used by the applications that works with UDP as transport protocol. So, what are these applications that uses well-known UDP ports ?

For example TFTP (Trivial File Transport Protocol) is one of the applciations that uses UDP ports. UDP port 69 is used by TFTP. Another example that uses UDP as transport protocol is SNMP. SNMP uses UDP port 161 for SNMP and UDP port 162 for SNMP trap messages.

Below, you can find all the wellknown ports used by the applications that uses TCP & UDP network ports .

Registered Network Ports

Registered networking ports start from port 1024 to 49151. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)  assigns these registerd network ports. Below, you can find these registered networking ports

Dynamic Networking Ports

Registered networking ports are the ports from 49152 to 65565.  These ports can be used locally or dynamically by the applications. They are not assigned by IANA.

Network Ports Practice

Quesitons for networking ports, question 1: which network port range is reserved as well-known ports.

a) 0 – 1024

b) 1024 – 49151

c) 49152 – 65565

Question 2: Which network port range is reserved as Registered Ports ?

Question 3: which network port range is reserved as dynamic ports , question 4: network port numbers are assigned by …., question 5: which ones are the default network ports for ftp .

a) UDP 20, 21

b) TCP 20, 21

c) UDP 22,23

d) TCP 22,23

Question 6: Which ones are the default SNMP Ports?

a) UDP 157, 158

b) TCP 157, 158

c) UDP 161, 162

d) TCP 161, 162

Question 7: What is the default Telnet port?

Question 8: which ones are the default tftp port, question 9: tcp port 25 is the default network port of …., question 10: udp port 123 is the default network port of …..

Answers: 1) a     2) b    3) c    4) b    5) b    6) c    7) d     8) a   9) d   10) c

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40 Network Protocols with Port Numbers, Transport Protocols and Meanings 

40 Network Protocol Names And Port Numbers With Their Transport Protocols And Meanings tabulated by Precious Ocansey (HND, Network Engineer).

Before going straight to the table.

Firstly, what are Network Protocols?

Network protocols are the languages and rules used during communication in a computer network. There are two major transport protocols namely;

TCP and UDP

TCP   which stands for “Transmission Control Protocol”, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on a local network or a public network like the internet. TCP  is known as “connection-oriented” protocols as it ensures each data packet is delivered as requested. Therefore, TCP is used for transferring most types of data such as webpages and files over the Internet.

UDP which stands for “User Datagram Protocol” is part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols used for data transferring. UDP is a known as a “connectionless-oriented” protocol, meaning it doesn’t acknowledge that the packets being sent have been received. For this reason, the UDP protocol is typically used for streaming media. While you might see skips in video or hear some fuzz in audio clips, UDP transmission prevents the playback from stopping completely.

Furthermore, TCP also includes built-in error checking means TCP has more overhead and is therefore slower than UDP, it ensures accurate delivery of data between systems. Therefore TCP is used for transferring most types of data such as webpages and files over the local network or Internet. UDP is ideal for media streaming which does not require all packets to be delivered.

Port Numbers: They are the unique identifiers given to all protocol numbers so they can be accessed easily.

Below is as written  by Precious Ocansey. The 40 Network Protocols, their port numbers and their transport protocols

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Good job.interesting more grace sir

Iṣẹ rere, diẹ ẹ sii oore ọfẹ

ICMP does not use any port, 1 is its protocol number.

Updated. Thank you

IGMP does not use a transport layer protocol such as TCP or UD

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How To Find Your Port Number ?

Answer: we can find port number using command line tool, and using resource monitor., methods for find the port numbers on your device, 1. using command line tool like netstat.

‘Netstat’ stands for Network Statistics and displays our computer’s current network connection and port activation. Below are the steps:

• Open Command Prompt: On a Windows machine, open Command Prompt by searching for it in the Start menu or by pressing `Windows + R`, typing `cmd`, and pressing Enter. Similarly, we can open Terminal on macOS and Linux.
• Use Command ‘netstat-n’: For Windows we use the command ‘netstat -n’ to list all active connections and listening ports. For example, you can run ‘netstat -n’ to list all listening TCP ports, and ‘netstat -a’ will show you which ports are open and what services are using them. Whereas for macOS/Linux we can use the command ‘netstat -tuln’. Then the list of all the port numbers will be displayed.

2. Using Resource Monitor

• Press ‘Ctrl + Shift + Esc’ to open the Task Manager.
• Then, Click on the “Performance “Tab.
• Click on the Open Resource Monitor at the bottom or top-right corner.
• In the resource Monitor window, go to the “Network” tab and then you will see a list of processes and their associated port .

Conclusion:

By utilizing the tools like ‘ Netstat’ we can troubleshoot and monitor our system and network, and also gain the insights into network security, and identify any processes using specific ports. It will help us in managing and securing our system efficiently.

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