is there homework in first grade

Should Kids Get Homework?

Homework gives elementary students a way to practice concepts, but too much can be harmful, experts say.

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Effective homework reinforces math, reading, writing or spelling skills, but in a way that's meaningful.

How much homework students should get has long been a source of debate among parents and educators. In recent years, some districts have even implemented no-homework policies, as students juggle sports, music and other activities after school.

Parents of elementary school students, in particular, have argued that after-school hours should be spent with family or playing outside rather than completing assignments. And there is little research to show that homework improves academic achievement for elementary students.

But some experts say there's value in homework, even for younger students. When done well, it can help students practice core concepts and develop study habits and time management skills. The key to effective homework, they say, is keeping assignments related to classroom learning, and tailoring the amount by age: Many experts suggest no homework for kindergartners, and little to none in first and second grade.

Value of Homework

Homework provides a chance to solidify what is being taught in the classroom that day, week or unit. Practice matters, says Janine Bempechat, clinical professor at Boston University 's Wheelock College of Education & Human Development.

"There really is no other domain of human ability where anybody would say you don't need to practice," she adds. "We have children practicing piano and we have children going to sports practice several days a week after school. You name the domain of ability and practice is in there."

Homework is also the place where schools and families most frequently intersect.

"The children are bringing things from the school into the home," says Paula S. Fass, professor emerita of history at the University of California—Berkeley and the author of "The End of American Childhood." "Before the pandemic, (homework) was the only real sense that parents had to what was going on in schools."

Harris Cooper, professor emeritus of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University and author of "The Battle Over Homework," examined more than 60 research studies on homework between 1987 and 2003 and found that — when designed properly — homework can lead to greater student success. Too much, however, is harmful. And homework has a greater positive effect on students in secondary school (grades 7-12) than those in elementary.

"Every child should be doing homework, but the amount and type that they're doing should be appropriate for their developmental level," he says. "For teachers, it's a balancing act. Doing away with homework completely is not in the best interest of children and families. But overburdening families with homework is also not in the child's or a family's best interest."

Negative Homework Assignments

Not all homework for elementary students involves completing a worksheet. Assignments can be fun, says Cooper, like having students visit educational locations, keep statistics on their favorite sports teams, read for pleasure or even help their parents grocery shop. The point is to show students that activities done outside of school can relate to subjects learned in the classroom.

But assignments that are just busy work, that force students to learn new concepts at home, or that are overly time-consuming can be counterproductive, experts say.

Homework that's just busy work.

Effective homework reinforces math, reading, writing or spelling skills, but in a way that's meaningful, experts say. Assignments that look more like busy work – projects or worksheets that don't require teacher feedback and aren't related to topics learned in the classroom – can be frustrating for students and create burdens for families.

"The mental health piece has definitely played a role here over the last couple of years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the last thing we want to do is frustrate students with busy work or homework that makes no sense," says Dave Steckler, principal of Red Trail Elementary School in Mandan, North Dakota.

Homework on material that kids haven't learned yet.

With the pressure to cover all topics on standardized tests and limited time during the school day, some teachers assign homework that has not yet been taught in the classroom.

Not only does this create stress, but it also causes equity challenges. Some parents speak languages other than English or work several jobs, and they aren't able to help teach their children new concepts.

" It just becomes agony for both parents and the kids to get through this worksheet, and the goal becomes getting to the bottom of (the) worksheet with answers filled in without any understanding of what any of it matters for," says professor Susan R. Goldman, co-director of the Learning Sciences Research Institute at the University of Illinois—Chicago .

Homework that's overly time-consuming.

The standard homework guideline recommended by the National Parent Teacher Association and the National Education Association is the "10-minute rule" – 10 minutes of nightly homework per grade level. A fourth grader, for instance, would receive a total of 40 minutes of homework per night.

But this does not always happen, especially since not every student learns the same. A 2015 study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that primary school children actually received three times the recommended amount of homework — and that family stress increased along with the homework load.

Young children can only remain attentive for short periods, so large amounts of homework, especially lengthy projects, can negatively affect students' views on school. Some individual long-term projects – like having to build a replica city, for example – typically become an assignment for parents rather than students, Fass says.

"It's one thing to assign a project like that in which several kids are working on it together," she adds. "In (that) case, the kids do normally work on it. It's another to send it home to the families, where it becomes a burden and doesn't really accomplish very much."

Private vs. Public Schools

Do private schools assign more homework than public schools? There's little research on the issue, but experts say private school parents may be more accepting of homework, seeing it as a sign of academic rigor.

Of course, not all private schools are the same – some focus on college preparation and traditional academics, while others stress alternative approaches to education.

"I think in the academically oriented private schools, there's more support for homework from parents," says Gerald K. LeTendre, chair of educational administration at Pennsylvania State University—University Park . "I don't know if there's any research to show there's more homework, but it's less of a contentious issue."

How to Address Homework Overload

First, assess if the workload takes as long as it appears. Sometimes children may start working on a homework assignment, wander away and come back later, Cooper says.

"Parents don't see it, but they know that their child has started doing their homework four hours ago and still not done it," he adds. "They don't see that there are those four hours where their child was doing lots of other things. So the homework assignment itself actually is not four hours long. It's the way the child is approaching it."

But if homework is becoming stressful or workload is excessive, experts suggest parents first approach the teacher, followed by a school administrator.

"Many times, we can solve a lot of issues by having conversations," Steckler says, including by "sitting down, talking about the amount of homework, and what's appropriate and not appropriate."

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How Parents Can Make First Grade Successful for Children

Reading, math skills, and socialization play key roles

Parents can take action to help children excel as they transition the from kindergarten to first grade. How will this year differ from the previous one? From how to spot early signs of a reading problem to grocery store , kitchen, and road trip math, this parent's guide to first grade breaks it down.

First Grade Basics

• What You Can Expect in First Grade : Here's an overview of what you can anticipate as your child navigates their way through first grade.
• What Do Kids Learn in First Grade? : First grade teachers use children's pride in growing bigger to challenge them to learn about more complex topics. Reading skills come into play, math becomes more complex, and science and social studies expose children to new worlds.
• Is Homework Really Necessary? : Let's face it, most kids grumble about homework, and it's no fun to be the one making sure it's getting done. Find out why teachers give homework and what they want your child to learn from it.
• Struggling Learner? 8 Basic Components of Individualized Education Programs : If you're feeling like your child's learning problems are yours to deal with alone, take a look at how special education programs can help.

First Grade Reading

• What Parents Need to Know About How Kids Learn to Read : It may seem like your first grader is learning to read overnight, but it's actually been a gradual process.
• Reading Programs - What is Basal Reading Instruction? : As reading becomes more of a focus, your child may participate in some formal reading programs, including basal reading instruction. So what's it all about?
• What's a Leveled Reading Program? : Learn more about how leveled reading has changed since you were a kid.
• 5 Leveled Reading Programs You Should Know About : When you're trying to decide what books to buy for your child, it can be confusing to figure out what book level to purchase. The reason it's so baffling is because there are so many different programs.
• What Is Whole Language Reading? : Take a quick look at what the whole language reading approach entails.

Read With Your First Grader

First Grade Reading List - Books for Children Entering First Grade: While it may be tempting to let your child's reading instruction stay in the classroom, it's important that your emerging reader practice those skills at home too. Here are some books to get you started.

First Grade Math

• What Is a Fact Family? : One of the more common concepts taught in first grade math is the concept of a fact family (or fact families). If you've never heard of them, they're quite easy to relate to.
• Build a Fact Family House : Fact family houses are a great way to teach visual learners about the relationships among the numbers that make up the family.
• Math Games : Math games can encourage the development of addition, subtraction, and other math skills. You can play them at home or while running errands with your child.

Working With Your First Grader

• 5 Ways Parents Can Help With Homework : It's not just your kids who need your help with homework; teachers need your help too. Here's what you need to know.
• Teach High-Frequency Words for First Grade Reading : Help your child learn the words they'll most commonly encounter in their first grade reading material.

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What’s the Right Amount of Homework?

Decades of research show that homework has some benefits, especially for students in middle and high school—but there are risks to assigning too much.

Many teachers and parents believe that homework helps students build study skills and review concepts learned in class. Others see homework as disruptive and unnecessary, leading to burnout and turning kids off to school. Decades of research show that the issue is more nuanced and complex than most people think: Homework is beneficial, but only to a degree. Students in high school gain the most, while younger kids benefit much less.

The National PTA and the National Education Association support the “ 10-minute homework guideline ”—a nightly 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But many teachers and parents are quick to point out that what matters is the quality of the homework assigned and how well it meets students’ needs, not the amount of time spent on it.

The guideline doesn’t account for students who may need to spend more—or less—time on assignments. In class, teachers can make adjustments to support struggling students, but at home, an assignment that takes one student 30 minutes to complete may take another twice as much time—often for reasons beyond their control. And homework can widen the achievement gap, putting students from low-income households and students with learning disabilities at a disadvantage.

However, the 10-minute guideline is useful in setting a limit: When kids spend too much time on homework, there are real consequences to consider.

Small Benefits for Elementary Students

As young children begin school, the focus should be on cultivating a love of learning, and assigning too much homework can undermine that goal. And young students often don’t have the study skills to benefit fully from homework, so it may be a poor use of time (Cooper, 1989 ; Cooper et al., 2006 ; Marzano & Pickering, 2007 ). A more effective activity may be nightly reading, especially if parents are involved. The benefits of reading are clear: If students aren’t proficient readers by the end of third grade, they’re less likely to succeed academically and graduate from high school (Fiester, 2013 ).

For second-grade teacher Jacqueline Fiorentino, the minor benefits of homework did not outweigh the potential drawback of turning young children against school at an early age, so she experimented with dropping mandatory homework. “Something surprising happened: They started doing more work at home,” Fiorentino writes . “This inspiring group of 8-year-olds used their newfound free time to explore subjects and topics of interest to them.” She encouraged her students to read at home and offered optional homework to extend classroom lessons and help them review material.

Moderate Benefits for Middle School Students

As students mature and develop the study skills necessary to delve deeply into a topic—and to retain what they learn—they also benefit more from homework. Nightly assignments can help prepare them for scholarly work, and research shows that homework can have moderate benefits for middle school students (Cooper et al., 2006 ). Recent research also shows that online math homework, which can be designed to adapt to students’ levels of understanding, can significantly boost test scores (Roschelle et al., 2016 ).

There are risks to assigning too much, however: A 2015 study found that when middle school students were assigned more than 90 to 100 minutes of daily homework, their math and science test scores began to decline (Fernández-Alonso, Suárez-Álvarez, & Muñiz, 2015 ). Crossing that upper limit can drain student motivation and focus. The researchers recommend that “homework should present a certain level of challenge or difficulty, without being so challenging that it discourages effort.” Teachers should avoid low-effort, repetitive assignments, and assign homework “with the aim of instilling work habits and promoting autonomous, self-directed learning.”

In other words, it’s the quality of homework that matters, not the quantity. Brian Sztabnik, a veteran middle and high school English teacher, suggests that teachers take a step back and ask themselves these five questions :

• How long will it take to complete?
• Have all learners been considered?
• Will an assignment encourage future success?
• Will an assignment place material in a context the classroom cannot?
• Does an assignment offer support when a teacher is not there?

More Benefits for High School Students, but Risks as Well

By the time they reach high school, students should be well on their way to becoming independent learners, so homework does provide a boost to learning at this age, as long as it isn’t overwhelming (Cooper et al., 2006 ; Marzano & Pickering, 2007 ). When students spend too much time on homework—more than two hours each night—it takes up valuable time to rest and spend time with family and friends. A 2013 study found that high school students can experience serious mental and physical health problems, from higher stress levels to sleep deprivation, when assigned too much homework (Galloway, Conner, & Pope, 2013 ).

Homework in high school should always relate to the lesson and be doable without any assistance, and feedback should be clear and explicit.

Teachers should also keep in mind that not all students have equal opportunities to finish their homework at home, so incomplete homework may not be a true reflection of their learning—it may be more a result of issues they face outside of school. They may be hindered by issues such as lack of a quiet space at home, resources such as a computer or broadband connectivity, or parental support (OECD, 2014 ). In such cases, giving low homework scores may be unfair.

Since the quantities of time discussed here are totals, teachers in middle and high school should be aware of how much homework other teachers are assigning. It may seem reasonable to assign 30 minutes of daily homework, but across six subjects, that’s three hours—far above a reasonable amount even for a high school senior. Psychologist Maurice Elias sees this as a common mistake: Individual teachers create homework policies that in aggregate can overwhelm students. He suggests that teachers work together to develop a school-wide homework policy and make it a key topic of back-to-school night and the first parent-teacher conferences of the school year.

Parents Play a Key Role

Homework can be a powerful tool to help parents become more involved in their child’s learning (Walker et al., 2004 ). It can provide insights into a child’s strengths and interests, and can also encourage conversations about a child’s life at school. If a parent has positive attitudes toward homework, their children are more likely to share those same values, promoting academic success.

But it’s also possible for parents to be overbearing, putting too much emphasis on test scores or grades, which can be disruptive for children (Madjar, Shklar, & Moshe, 2015 ). Parents should avoid being overly intrusive or controlling—students report feeling less motivated to learn when they don’t have enough space and autonomy to do their homework (Orkin, May, & Wolf, 2017 ; Patall, Cooper, & Robinson, 2008 ; Silinskas & Kikas, 2017 ). So while homework can encourage parents to be more involved with their kids, it’s important to not make it a source of conflict.

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1st Grade Math Worksheets

Aligned to Common Core standards, these free printable worksheets cover a growing list of math skills taught in first grade – with more on the way!

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Addition Worksheets

Help students build a solid foundation in key addition skills, number lines & place value worksheets, help your students master adding numbers through place value and on a number line, telling time worksheets, help your first graders read analog and digital clocks, and tell the time to the nearest hour and half hour.

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Effortlessly differentiate content to match your lesson, curriculum and individual student needs.

Automatically graded assessments, complete with reports offering valuable data and insights.

Get full access at no cost for you or your school.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are these worksheets really free.

Yes, these printable math worksheets are free.

At Prodigy, we believe teachers should never be held back by budgets. That's why we made Prodigy Math , to help every student love learning and have access to engaging, educational content.

Are there answer keys available for these worksheets?

Yes, answer keys are included when you download our free math worksheets. You can print this for your reference while your students complete the activity on the worksheet or have it ready to review with them afterwards.

Are these worksheets aligned with Common Core standards?

Yes, like Prodigy Math , our worksheets are designed to align with Common Core standards. 

Get a quick refresher of our math curriculum standards here.

Do I need to create an account to download these worksheets?

No account is needed to access these free math worksheets.

Will there be more worksheet topics for first grade?

Yes, we will be adding more topics to our library of math worksheets for 1st grade, including skip counting worksheets, number charts, subtraction worksheets and basic 2D shape practice. Check back for more soon!

Looking to dive right into standards-aligned content? Use Prodigy! Not only does it make practicing math skills really engaging for your students but you can also easily tailor math content to your teaching and student needs. And the best bit? It’s available at no cost to educators!

How can I use these worksheets in my classroom?

As an educator, there are several ways you can use these worksheets in your classroom:

1. Practice Material: After teaching a specific concept, such as single-digit addition or place value, you can use these worksheets as practice material to reinforce what students have been taught in class.

2. Assessments: You can use these worksheets to assess students' understanding of the topics you've taught. The variety of exercises, including word problems and numeric problems, can help gauge students' grasp of the material.

3. Homework Assignments: These worksheets can be assigned as homework to give students additional practice outside of the classroom. They can help fill in the gap from regular workbooks.

4. Centers or Stations: In a classroom that uses a centers or stations approach, these worksheets could be used at a math center where students rotate through different activities.

5. Early Finisher Activity: For students who finish their work early, these worksheets can provide an additional challenge and keep them engaged.

6. Group Work: Some worksheets could be used for pair or small group work, promoting collaborative problem-solving skills.

Remember, it's important to go through the worksheets with the students after they've completed them, or provide them with the answer keys, to ensure they understand any mistakes they might have made.

What math skills should I teach my first grade class?

The skills you teach your first graders will depend on your curriculum and their individual learning needs.

Generally, students should learn basic arithmetic operations within 20, understand numbers up to 120, tell time using both analog and digital clocks, interpret simple data, and understand basic geometric concepts including shape attributes and partitioning.

If you’re following the Common Core curriculum , you will want to cover the following standards:

Operations and Algebraic Thinking:

• Using basic addition and subtraction within 20 to solve a variety of word problems, including those involving putting together or taking apart numbers, comparisons, and unknowns in all positions. This can be achieved using visual aids like objects and drawings, or equations with symbols for unknown numbers.
• Solving word-based math problems involving the addition of three whole numbers whose total is less than or equal to 20.
• Applying properties of operations as strategies for addition and subtraction.
• Understanding subtraction as a problem of finding an unknown addend.
• Relating the process of counting to the concepts of addition and subtraction.
• Adding and subtracting numbers within 20 fluently, and applying strategies such as counting on, making ten, decomposing numbers, using the relationship between addition and subtraction, and creating equivalent but easier or known sums for ease of calculation.
• Understanding the meaning of the equal sign and being able to determine if addition and subtraction equations are true or false.
• Determining the unknown whole number in equations involving the addition or subtraction of three whole numbers.

Number and Operations in Base Ten:

• Counting up to 120, starting from any number less than 120. This also involves reading and writing numerals within this range and representing a number of objects with a written numeral.
• Understanding that a two-digit number is composed of tens and ones.
• Comparing two two-digit numbers based on the meaning of the tens and ones digits. This involves using the symbols '>', '=', and '<' to record the results of comparisons.
• Adding within 100, including adding a two-digit number to a one-digit number, and a two-digit number to a multiple of 10. This involves using concrete models or drawings, strategies based on place value, and properties of operations. Students are also expected to relate their strategies to a written method and explain their reasoning. It includes understanding that when adding two-digit numbers, one adds tens to tens and ones to ones, and occasionally it may be necessary to compose a ten.
• Given a two-digit number, mentally finding 10 more or 10 less than the number without having to count, and being able to explain the reasoning behind it.
• Subtracting multiples of 10 (ranging from 10 to 90) from other multiples of 10 in the same range. This is done using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value and operations. Students should relate their strategy to a written method and explain their reasoning used.

Measurement & Data: 

• Telling and writing time in hours and half-hours using both analog and digital clocks.
• Organizing, representing, and interpreting data with up to three categories. This involves asking and answering questions about the total number of data points, the number of data points in each category, and comparing the number of data points between different categories.
• Distinguishing between defining attributes (like triangles being closed and three-sided) versus non-defining attributes (such as color, orientation, or size). This includes building and drawing shapes with defining attributes.
• Partitioning circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares and describing these shares using terms like halves, fourths, and quarters. Also, understanding that decomposing a shape into more equal shares results in smaller shares. This includes the ability to describe the whole shape as two or four of these shares.

What is Prodigy?

Great question! Unlike traditional worksheets, Prodigy is a game-based learning platform that delivers differentiated, standards-aligned content through engaging, interactive gameplay.

With Prodigy, educators can :

• Assign standards-aligned content with no grading needed.
• Motivate your students with in-game rewards and challenges.
• Access reports filled with learning insights from a student, class and curriculum level.

Best of all? Educators can use it for free! See how it works here!

Like these resources? You might also like these...

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ELA for 1st Graders

Explore our first grade ELA resources aligned to the 1st grade language arts curriculum. Enjoy learning key ELA concepts taught in the 1st grade, including reading, phonics, digraphs, rhyming words, blending, vowels, consonant blends, writing, sight words, bossy R words, silent e rule, and much more. Perfect grade 1 ELA resources for kids, teachers, and parents! Start now for free!

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• Explore Words With Bossy R - ar Game

Get familiar with reading by learning to explore words with bossy R - ar.

Explore Words With R Controlled Vowels - ar Game

Polish your language skills by exploring words with R controlled vowels - ar.

Let's Look for the Bossy R Words! Worksheet

Combine ELA learning with adventure by looking for Bossy R words.

Which Bossy R sound do you hear? Worksheet

In this worksheet, learners will get to explore Bossy R sounds.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: your, some & very Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: your, some & very.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: front, take, will, does & with Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: front, take, will, does & with.

Practice Writing: Farm Animals Worksheet

Our exciting farm animals-themed worksheet combines fun handwriting practice with learning about farm life.

Practice Writing: Wild Animals Worksheet

Explore the wild world with our interactive handwriting practice worksheet for students, focused on wild animals.

All ELA Resources

Build Words With Bossy R - ar Game

To enhance your skills, build words with Bossy R - ar.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: front, could & first Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: front, could & first.

Color the Bossy R Sound You Hear Worksheet

Spot and color the heard bossy R sound on the "Color the Bossy R Sound You Hear Worksheet."

Practice Writing: Sea Animals Worksheet

Dive into marine life exploration and practice handwriting with our exciting sea animals-themed worksheet.

Explore Words With Bossy R - er Game

Get familiar with reading by learning to explore words with bossy R - er.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: over, goes, but, how & after Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: over, goes, but, how & after.

Color the Correct Bossy R Sound Worksheet

Color the box with the correct bossy R sound on the "Color the Correct Bossy R Sound Worksheet."

Let's Practice Writing: Animals Worksheet

Enhance your handwriting skills with our animals-themed worksheet for students, perfect for animal lovers.

Explore Words With R Controlled Vowels - er Game

Polish your language skills by exploring words with R controlled vowels - er.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: had, right, who, been & into Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: had, right, who, been & into.

Coloring Fun with Bossy R Sounds Worksheet

A colorful journey through Bossy R sounds. Perfect worksheet for young learners to strengthen their phonics foundation.

Handwriting Practice: Birds Worksheet

Young learners can explore and learn about birds with our engaging, bird-themed handwriting practice worksheet.

Build Words With Bossy R - er Game

To enhance your skills, build words with Bossy R - er.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: only, why & about Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: only, why & about.

Color the R-Controlled Sounds! Worksheet

Ignite your creativity with our fun phonics challenge! Spot bossy R vowel sounds in pictures and add vibrant colors. Boost your child's phonics skills today!

Writing Practice: Birds That Can't Fly Worksheet

Boost motor skills and learn about flightless birds with our handwriting practice worksheet, a unique learning experience.

Explore Words With Bossy R - ir Game

Get familiar with reading by learning to explore words with bossy R - ir.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: which, found, these, made & other Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: which, found, these, made & other.

R-Controlled Sound Fill-Up Worksheet

Explore the R-controlled sounds through our fun phonics worksheet! Form words using the R-controlled sounds and conquer word-building.

Handwriting Practice: Insects Worksheet

Young learners can explore the intriguing world of insects and practice their handwriting with our engaging worksheet.

Explore Words With R Controlled Vowels - ir Game

Polish your language skills by exploring words with R controlled vowels - ir.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: just, any & again Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: just, any & again.

Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - er Words Worksheet

Jumble Fun with 'er Words in the 'Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - er Words Worksheet.'

Practice Writing: Yellow Fruits Worksheet

Discover the world of yellow fruits with our engaging handwriting practice worksheet for young learners.

Build Words With Bossy R - ir Game

To enhance your skills, build words with Bossy R - ir.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: know, before, then, things & may Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: know, before, then, things & many.

Identify the Bossy R sound Worksheet

In this worksheet, learners have to identify the Bossy R sound.

Handwriting Practice: Fruits Worksheet

Learn about a variety of fruits while sharpening handwriting skills with our exciting fruit-themed worksheet.

Explore Words With Bossy R - or Game

Get familiar with reading by learning to explore words with bossy R - or.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: each, when, going & its Game

Learn to write the sight words: each, when, going & its.

Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - ir Words Worksheet

Jumble Fun with 'ir Words in the 'Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - ir Words Worksheet.'

Let's Practice Writing: Vegetables Worksheet

Our vegetable-themed worksheet for young learners blends learning about healthy foods with fun handwriting practice.

Explore Words With R Controlled Vowels - or Game

Polish your language skills by exploring words with R controlled vowels - or.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: think, use, would, mother & tell Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: think, use, would, mother & tell.

Can You Spot the Bossy R Words? Worksheet

Spot the Bossy R Words in 'Can You Spot the Bossy R Words? Worksheet.'

Handwriting Practice: Food Items Worksheet

Improve handwriting while learning about food items with our enjoyable handwriting practice worksheet.

Build Words With Bossy R - or Game

To enhance your skills, build words with Bossy R - or.

Learn to Write the Sight Words: read, five, house, also & seven Game

Children must learn to write the sight words: read, five, house, also & seven.

Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - ur Words Worksheet

Jumble Fun with 'ur Words in the 'Bossy R Word Jumble Fun - ur Words Worksheet.'

Handwriting Practice: Desserts Worksheet

Sweeten handwriting practice and boost vocabulary with our fun worksheet focused on delicious desserts.

Browse Our Fun Collection of 1st Grade ELA Learning Resources!

Introducing SplashLearn's grade 1 ELA resources, specially crafted for 6-7 year old kids. Our comprehensive learning program encompasses interactive games , engaging worksheets , detailed lesson plans , and more, all centered around creating an enjoyable learning journey for first-grade ELA.

Designed to improve language arts skills, our 1st grade resources cover a variety of topics from the common core standards for 1st grade ELA, including consonant blends, bossy R, phonics, sight words, vocabulary, blending, digraphs, and more. 

Your search for CCSS-aligned 1st grade ELA resources ends here! Join us in making language arts for first graders a fun and interactive adventure.

Types of Engaging 1st Grade ELA Learning Resources

Let’s explore our wide range of engaging ELA resources for 1st grade kids, all designed to make language arts for 1st grade both fun and engaging.  

Key Features of 1st Grade ELA Resources

Here are some amazing features of our 1st grade ELA resources:

• Aligned with Curriculum : Our ELA games adhere to grade 1 language arts curriculum, offering regular updates to ensure children learn essential skills through enjoyable activities.
• Exciting and Engaging : Packed with lively activities, charming characters, captivating themes, and vibrant visuals.
• Cross-Platform Accessibility : Accessible on a range of devices, from Windows and Mac to iOS, Android, and Chromebooks.
• Flexible and User-Friendly: Tailored for 1st graders, parents, and teachers, providing flexibility and ease of use for all.

Best Tips for Teaching ELA to First Grade Kids

• Understand the curriculum: For effective teaching, it is crucial to understand the first grade ELA curriculum and its learning objectives. Read What Is Taught to Kids in First Grade? for a quick overview of key concepts and skills taught in the language arts for first graders.
• Interactive Reading Sessions : Use picture books and character voices to make reading sessions lively and engaging, helping first graders develop a love for reading.
• Phonics and Word Games : Teaching language arts for first graders becomes more effective with learning tools, such as fun games and colorful worksheets. Incorporate fun phonics activities and word games to improve pronunciation and vocabulary, making learning to read enjoyable.
• Simple Writing Tasks : Start with basic writing tasks like sentences or short stories, encouraging creativity and helping them grasp sentence structure. Read 100 Fun Writing Prompts for 1st Grade to find an extensive list of creative 1st grade writing prompts, perfect for encouraging little writers!
• Sight Words : Visit our blog 250+ First Grade Sight Words and How to Practice the List at Home to find the best collection of high-frequency words for 1st graders.

What Are the Best 5 First Grade ELA Resources for Kids?

We have thoughtfully selected a few games, worksheets, and lesson plans focused on different concepts in the language arts for first graders. Here are 5 fun ELA learning resources for 1st graders:

• Matching Game: Diphthongs Worksheet
• Explore Words With End Blends - st Game
• Speak and Write the Given Words Worksheet
• ELA Lesson Plan — Decoding the Author's Purpose

How will our online 1st grade ELA educational resources benefit your child?

• Building creativity: ELA resources for 1st graders help build creativity in children. They boost children’s imagination skills and help them become fluent readers and writers.
• Developing critical thinking: Online ELA educational resources for 1st graders help children develop critical thinking skills. Children learn how to form words, their meanings, how to structure sentences, and more which improves their linguistic abilities.
• Different ways of Learning: 1st grade ELA educational resources provide children with various learning strategies and methods such as ELA games , ELA worksheets , etc.

What are the important topics in ELA for 1st graders?

Some important topics in ELA for 1st graders include phonics , sight words and writing sight words.

How can we build children’s interest in ELA learning for 1st graders?

• By doing fun ELA activities with kids: Fun ELA activities like retelling a story, visualizing a passage through illustrations, reading books, playing word bingo, etc. can really help boost children’s interest in ELA learning.
• By playing online ELA games with kids: Fun ELA games for kids online help them practice rhyming words , magic E words, initial consonant blends , ending consonant blends , and much more. They make learning fun and exciting for kids.

Your one stop solution for all grade learning needs.

1st Grade Worksheets

• Kindergarten

367 1st Grade Worksheets

1 more or 1 less?

Each piece of candy has a number on it. This coloring math worksheet gives your child practice finding 1 more and 1 less than numbers up to 20.

1 more or 1 less? #2

Each flower has a number on it. This coloring math worksheet gives your child practice finding 1 more and 1 less than numbers up to 100.

10 more or 10 less?

Draw a line to connect each number on the rocketship with the number that's 10 more or 10 less.

A fantasy story: spooky!

Read this story in a spooky voice! In this reading worksheet, your child will listen to and read a short story, then draw what comes next and create a title for the story.

A series of events

What did you do today? In this language arts worksheet, your child gets practice looking up words in a dictionary, writing words in alphabetical order, and drawing.

Above, on, below

Draw it! In this coloring math worksheet, your child will draw pictures on, above, and below other objects.

Above, on, below, part 2

Find it! In this coloring math worksheet, your child will identify whether objects are above, below, or on the ground.

Adding 2-digit numbers (1st grade, 2nd grade)

In this math worksheet, your child can practice adding 2-digit numbers.

Adding 2-digit numbers, part 2 (1st grade, 2nd grade)

Adding 2-digit numbers, part 3

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The Value of Homework

Are teachers assigning too much homework.

Posted September 5, 2016 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

• Studies show that the benefits of homework peak at about one hour to 90 minutes, and then after that, test scores begin to decline.
• Research has found that high school teachers (grades 9-12) report assigning an average of 3.5 hours’ worth of homework a week.
• While homework is necessary, there needs to be balance as well as communication between teachers about the amount of homework being assigned.

The value of homework has been the subject of debate over the years. In regards to research, the jury is still out as to whether homework positively impacts a student's academic achievement.

In the past, I have written a couple of posts on homework and whether or not it is being used or abused by educators. I am always amazed at what some of my young readers share about sleepless nights, not participating in extracurricular events, and high levels of stress —all of which are attributed to large and daunting amounts of homework .

There have been studies that show that doing homework in moderation improves test performance. So we can’t rule out the value of homework if it’s conducive to learning. However, studies have also shown that the benefits of homework peak at about one hour to 90 minutes, and then after that, test scores begin to decline.

Now, while looking at data, it’s important to review the standard, endorsed by the National Education Association and the National Parent-Teacher Association , known as the "10-minute rule" — 10 minutes of homework per grade level per night. That would mean there would only be 10 minutes of homework in the first grade, and end with 120 minutes for senior year of high school (double what research shows beneficial). This leads to an important question: On average, how much homework do teachers assign?

Typical homework amounts

A Harris Poll from the University of Phoenix surveyed teachers about the hours of homework required of students and why they assign it. Pollsters received responses from approximately 1,000 teachers in public, private, and parochial schools across the United States.

High school teachers (grades 9-12) reported assigning an average of 3.5 hours’ worth of homework a week. Middle school teachers (grades 6-8) reported assigning almost the same amount as high school teachers, 3.2 hours of homework a week. Lastly, K-5 teachers said they assigned an average of 2.9 hours of homework each week. This data shows a spike in homework beginning in middle school.

Why homework is assigned

When teachers were asked why they assign homework, they gave the top three reasons:

• to see how well students understand lessons
• to help students develop essential problem-solving skills
• to show parents what's being learned in school

Approximately, 30 percent of teachers reported they assigned homework to cover more content areas. What’s interesting about this poll was the longer an educator had been in the field the less homework they assigned. Take a look at the breakdown below:

• 3.6 hours (teachers with less than 10 years in the classroom)
• 3.1 hours (teachers with 10 to 19 years in the classroom)
• 2.8 hours (teachers with more than 20 years in the classroom)

The need for balance

While many agree that homework does have a time and place, there needs to be a balance between life and school. There also needs to be communication with other teachers in the school about assignments. Oftentimes, educators get so involved in their subject area, they communicate departmentally, not school-wide. As a result, it’s not uncommon for teens to have a project and a couple of tests all on the same day. This dump of work can lead to an overwhelming amount of stress.

Questions for educators

Educators, how can you maximize the benefit of homework? Use the questions below to guide you in whether or not to assign work outside of the classroom. Ask yourself:

• Do I need to assign homework or can this be done in class?
• Does this assignment contribute and supplement the lesson reviewed in class?
• Do students have all of the information they need to do this assignment? In others words, are they prepared to do the homework?
• What are you wanting your students to achieve from this assignment? Do you have a specific objective and intended outcome in mind?
• How much time will the assignment take to complete? Have you given your students a sufficient amount of time?
• Have you taken into account other coursework that your students have due?
• How can you incorporate student choice and feedback into your classroom?
• How can you monitor whether or not you are overloading your students?

What kids think of homework

Educators: As a conclusion, I have provided a few of the many comments, that I have received below. I think it’s important to look at the age/grade level and messages these teens have shared. Take time to read their words and reflect on ways you can incorporate their perspective into course objectives and content. I believe the solution to the homework dilemma can be found in assigning work in moderation and finding a balance between school, home, and life.

“I am a 7th grader in a small school in Michigan. I think one of the main problems about what teachers think about homework is that they do not think about what other classes are assigned for homework. Throughout the day, I get at least two full pages of homework to complete by the next day. During the school year, I am hesitant to sign up for sports because I am staying up after a game or practice to finish my homework.”

“I'm 17 and I'm in my last year of high school. I can honestly tell you that from 7 p.m. to 12 a.m. (sometimes 1 or 2 a.m.) I am doing homework. I've been trying to balance my homework with my work schedule, work around my house, and my social life with no success. So if someone were to ask me if I think kids have too much homework, I would say yes they do. My comment is based solely on my personal experience in high school.”

“I am 13 and I have a problem: homework. I can’t get my homework done at home because it is all on my school MacBook. I don’t own my own personal computer, only an Amazon Fire tablet. What’s the problem with my tablet? There are no middle or high school apps for it. You are might be wondering, “Why not bring the MacBook home?” Well, I am not allowed to, so what is the punishment ? Four late assignments, and 1 late argument essay. And 90% of the homework I get is on my MacBook. This is a mega stresser!"

Raychelle Cassada Lohman n , M.S., LPC, is the author of The Anger Workbook for Teens .

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1st Grade English Worksheets

First graders can complete a series of engaging worksheets and activities that will help them develop the language and literacy skills they need to achieve success in today’s standards-based education system.

Free printable English worksheets aligned to 1st grade Common Core standards.

These easy-to-use worksheets are aligned to the Common Core state standards for English language arts (ELA) and literacy. They are perfect for teachers and parents who are looking for creative ways to teach new concepts or review what students have learned. No registration is required, so you can download and print them instantly.

Get all 328 1st grade English worksheets instantly.

Our Premium 1st Grade English Worksheets Collection covers reading, writing, phonics, and grammar. This series also includes 50 sight words that are typically taught in first grade.

Printing a worksheet is so easy! There are multiple ways to get each one.

Get the best printing results by downloading our high-resolution PDF files. Select the first button labeled Download PDF , which will start downloading the English worksheet instantly in most web browsers. Then open the file and print it in any free or professional PDF viewer.

If you want to see what the PDF version of the English worksheet looks like before downloading it, select the second button labeled View PDF , which will open the PDF worksheet in your web browser.

You can also get each English worksheet by printing the image you see on your screen. Select the third button labeled Print Image , which will allow you to instantly print each worksheet on any printer that your computer or mobile device has available.

The fastest and easiest way to print all 328 English worksheets for first grade is by getting our Premium 1st Grade English Worksheets Collection . This collection includes several PDF files that allow you to print each section all at once.

The Teacher's Guide-Free Worksheets, SMARTboard templates, and lesson plans for teachers.

Mcgraw-hill reading wonders, mcgraw-hill wonders 1st grade resources and printouts.

This is the 2014 and 2017 version.  You can find the 2020 version here.

Copyright ©-The Teacher's Guide 2013-Free worksheets, printouts, lesson plans, SMARTBoard templates, and more.

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1st Grade Morning Work - Math and ELA Spiral Review - First Grade Homework

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Homework Packet - Reading, Math, Writing, Grammar Homework 1st Grade Bundle

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Homework Packet, 1st Grade Homework with Folder Cover, ELA and Math Review Set 1

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1st Grade Homework Alternative - Homework Choice Board + Lottery - Editable Menu

BUNDLE: Reading Homework Units 1-7 | CKLA skills | TNFS | 1st grade

1st Grade Math Homework - WHOLE YEAR w/ Digital Option - Distance Learning

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How to Homeschool First Grade ~ What Do I REALLY Need to Teach?

This post may contain affiliate links.

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A few years ago I wrote a post detailing what kindergarten students are expected to learn. It was pretty popular and people have asked if I would write a similar post about how to homeschool first grade.

Wish granted!

To create this list of things students need to learn in first grade I consulted a few state learning standards. These are the standards of learning that teachers use to create lesson plans. You can always google your specific state’s learning objectives, but I used:

North Carolina – Standard Course of Study

Massachusetts – Curriculum Framework

I started to research the first-grade standards in other states but found that the same learning objectives were pretty consistent.

Please know that unless your state requirements say otherwise you have the ultimate say in what you teach. Public school goals do not have to be homeschool goals. However, some homeschool parents find it useful to take note of what is being taught in public schools.

You can teach more than what is on this list.

You can teach less than what is on this list.

Homeschooling allows you to move at your student’s pace.

What Do I REALLY Need to Teach to Homeschool First Grade?

Keep in mind that these are goals to reach by the end of the year. Your first grader is not expected to be able to do all of this when they reach first grade. It is okay to go at your own pace.

Language Arts

• Retell stories, including all key details, important characters, and major events
• Identify words and phrases in stories and poems that appeal to emotions
• Identify characteristics of folktales and fairytales
• Explain fiction and nonfiction
• Identify the point of view
• Compare and contrast characters and their experiences in a story
• Identify key facts in nonfiction
• Use capitalization and end sentences with punctuation
• Use uppercase and lowercase letters appropriately
• Use commas in dates and to separate words in a series
• Print legibly
• Read consonant blends in single-syllable words
• Identify initial, medial vowel, and final letter sounds (phonemes) for single-syllable words
• Spell common consonant digraphs
• Know final -e and vowel teams that make long vowel sounds
• Break two syllable words into syllables
• Identify frequently occurring root words
• Read and understand on-level text
• Write in complete sentences
• Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in sentences
• Write opinion pieces
• Write informative text with a topic sentence, facts, and closure
• Write a narrative that includes at least two events
• Solve addition and subtraction word problems, within 20, with unknowns, by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem
• Understand the commutative and associative properties
• Add and subtract within 20
• Use a number line
• Determine the unknown number in an addition or subtraction equation involving three whole numbers
• Count to 150
• Read, write, and represent with objects numerals 0 – 120
• Understand place value – tens place and ones place in two-digit numbers
• Compare two digit numbers using >, <, and =
• Mentally add and subtract ten from a two-digit number
• Add, within 100, in the following situations: • A two-digit number and a one-digit number • A two-digit number and a multiple of 10
• Subtract multiples of 10 in the range of 10-90
• Order three objects by length
• Measure lengths with nonstandard units
• Tell time to the hour and the half-hour using analog and digital clocks
• Identify quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies
• Find equivalent values for coins (ex. 5 nickels = 1 quarter)
• Add coins up to 100 cents
• Organize and interpret data with up to three categories
• Build and draw triangles, rectangles, squares, trapezoids, hexagons, and circles
• Build 3-D shapes – cubes, rectangular prisms, cones, spheres, and cylinders
• Create composite shapes
• Divide circles and rectangles into two and four equal pieces
• Understand how forces (push and pull) affect the motion of an object
• Recognize the moon’s phases
• Observe seasonal patterns of change
• Identify Earth materials (rocks, water, and soils)
• Compare the properties of different types of soil relating their capacity to retain water, nourish and support the growth of certain plants
• Recognize the needs of plants and animals
• Identify ways humans can care for their environment
• Recognize that vibrating materials create sound and that sound can cause vibrations
• Use tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to send a signal over a distance (ex. string and cup ‘phones’)

Social Studies

• Demonstrate an understanding of facts versus opinions
• Identify information surrounding primary and secondary sources including who created them and why
• Identify cultural practices and traditions locally and around the world
• Understand how communities make rules and laws
• Explain the qualities of a good citizen
• Identify strategies people can use to improve their communities
• Understand the relationship between scarcity and limited resources
• Recognize the relationship between supply and demand
• Distinguish a renewable resource from a nonrenewable resource
• Define products and services
• Summarize why people trade goods and services
• Identify landforms around the world using a globe and map
• Understand the symbols on maps
• Understand that the experiences and achievements of people throughout history have contributed to change
• Describe the qualities of a good leader
• Analyze examples of leaders from history
• Explain the ways people can become citizens of the United States
• Recognize United States symbols, mottos, and songs
• Use positional and directional words
• Identify the needs of a family

How to Homeschool First Grade

Every homeschool is unique and you have a lot of flexibility in how you homeschool first grade.

There are a few ways to homeschool first grade.

Purchase a curriculum

Some families prefer to purchase one curriculum that covers all of the typical subjects. This is usually referred to as a boxed curriculum or a full curriculum. This is certainly a valid option!

My personal preference is to choose individual curricula for each content area. This would mean a math curriculum, another for language arts (sometimes broken down by reading, writing, and spelling), something for history, and another curriculum for science.

Selecting one curriculum for each subject lets us customize the education for each child. It allows us to challenge strengths while supporting weaknesses.

Unless you have an elementary education background, I recommend purchasing at least a reading or phonics curriculum and a math first grade curriculum.

Laying down a strong foundation in these subjects is pretty important from a young age. Reading skills and math skills tend to build on the previous years lessons.

I consider a science curriculum and a history curriculum optional in first grade. That does not mean I don’t think these subjects are important or that they shouldn’t be taught. I just think that it is okay to follow a first grader’s interests instead of a set program.

Use these tips to choose your 1st grade homeschool curriculum.

There are quite a few homeschool curriculum choices available.

Unit studies

Unit studies can be an excellent way to homeschool first grade science and history. This lets you capitalize on the interests of your young children.

When my children were in elementary ages I planned science and history unit studies in 4 – 6 week increments. Sometimes they were related to a specific interest, sometimes they were related to what we had going on in life, and sometimes they were topics my husband and I chose.

Teaching through unit studies gives you the flexibility to incorporate events and resources in your area.

For example, when my family moved to Washington we learned that there was a Nordic history museum relatively close. This museum lent out educational kits with kid-friendly resources. Suddenly it was the perfect opportunity to learn about Vikings.

Unit studies are also a great way to teach more than one grade level at a time. I taught my kids (3 years apart) history and science together until the middle school years.

Many of the first grade science and history learning standards can fit a variety of topics.

Related: How to Create a Unit Study on ANY Topic

Personalize it

Homeschool is different from public school. You have the freedom to completely personalize it.

No two homeschools have to look exactly the same. Add in things that are important to your family. This is also a great way to add in some fun subject areas that don’t fit neatly into core subjects.

Some ideas to personalize your first grade homeschool include:

• Go on field trips (My family had field trip Friday when my kids were little.)
• Try art projects, classes, or clubs
• Join a book club
• Get outside for a nature study
• Learn a foreign language together
• Go on weekly trips to the local library for new picture books
• Include online courses

One way to personalize your first grade homeschool year is to ask your 1st grader what they would like to learn. This can give you some great ideas while also giving your child ownership over their education.

I hope this helps you feel confident to homeschool first grade. The early years can be so much fun!

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Welcome! My name is Jennifer. I am a teacher at heart. Before my children were born I was a public school teacher. Now, I am a homeschooling mom of two.

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Watch CBS News

Is Trump's $175 million civil fraud bond valid in New York?

By Katrina Kaufman

Updated on: April 4, 2024 / 4:18 PM EDT / CBS News

When former President Donald Trump posted a $175 million bond in New York on Monday, it appeared that he had evaded a financial crisis. He had paused enforcement of the more than $460 million judgment against him following a civil fraud trial , while his appeal is pending. 

But the surety bond was missing vital information typically included in those filings, experts say. These standard elements include documents related to power of attorney for the bond provider, Knight Specialty Insurance Company, a financial statement from the company and a certificate of qualification from the Department of Financial Services.  

New York Attorney General Letitia James indicated in a filing Thursday, after the original publication of this story, that she, too, has concerns about the bond.

James took "exception to the sufficiency of the surety" given by Trump and the other defendants. She objected to the fact that the bond was issued by a company that is not an admitted carrier in New York, and lacks the certificate of qualification required by New York Insurance Law Section 1111. 

Trump attorney Christopher Kise on Thursday alleged James' filing was  "another witch hunt" and accused her office of "hiding out in silence" after an appellate court reduced the defendants' bond from more than $464 million to $175 million.

"The Attorney General now seeks to stir up some equally baseless public quarrel in a desperate effort to regain relevance," Kise said.

Within 10 days, Trump or the company must file a motion to "justify" the bond, meaning Knight must prove that it is financially capable of paying the bond.

"There seem to be serious issues," said Bruce H. Lederman, an attorney who has filed many bonds in New York, including for a real estate developer challenging a judgment. Lederman said he was struck by "glaring errors" in the bond.

"In all the years I've been doing this, you always have to have a certificate from the Department of Financial Services saying that you're licensed to issue a surety bond," he said, referring to the missing certificate of qualification. 

Lederman also noticed that Knight Specialty is not listed on New York's Department of Financial Services website. 

The company refiled its posting, as directed by the New York Supreme Court clerk, after CBS News published its report on Thursday and before James' took exception to the bond.  

On Wednesday, the clerk's office had returned to Trump's attorneys the bond filing "for correction." There was no reason publicly specified in the request.

Adam Pollock, a former assistant attorney general in New York, said, "This bond is deficient for a number of reasons." 

"Including that the company doesn't appear to be licensed in New York and doesn't appear to have enough capital to make this undertaking," Pollock said.

Knight Specialty is not licensed in New York to issue surety bonds, and Lederman noted the company's absence from the Department of Financial Services database. But the company contends it is nevertheless authorized to issue the bond.

The company also does not appear to meet a restriction under New York insurance law barring companies from putting more than 10% of its capital at risk.

Amit Shah, the president of Knight Insurance, said the restriction does not apply. He said Knight has over $1 billion in equity.

"Knight Specialty Insurance Company is not a New York domestic insurer, and New York surplus lines insurance laws do not regulate the solvency of non-New York excess lines insurers," he said. "So we don't believe we need the 10% surplus." 

The billionaire behind Trump's bond is Don Hankey , the chairman of Knight Insurance, which owns the subsidiary that wrote the bond. 

Hankey said that Trump used "cash" as collateral for the bond, a total of $175 million. 

"First he furnished about $120 million worth of bonds that we OK'd, so we assumed it would be investment-grade bonds and cash. But as it turned out, it was all cash," he told CBS News in a brief phone call on Tuesday. 

But Trump retained that $175 million cash collateral, according to Shah. He said the money is in an account that is "pledged" to the company. He would not specify the type of account. Trump paid a premium to the company that Shah declined to disclose. 

"It seems to me that the underlying case is about the [New York] attorney general requiring strict compliance with the law," said Lederman. 

"The law requires an insurance company posting a surety bond to be authorized in New York," he said. "And there are serious questions about if this bond was properly posted."

Under a New York law known as CPLR 2502, an "insurance company [shall be] authorized to execute the undertaking within the state." 

When CBS News asked Hankey about Knight Specialty's authorization to issue bonds in New York, the company's net worth and potential deficiencies in the bond filing for Trump, he deferred to Knight's president: "I'm chairman of that company. I've got several other companies that I own. Amit Shah would be the person to talk to."

Shah explained that the company is authorized to issue a surety bond in New York through the Excess Line Association of New York (ELANY). He said the company is approved by ELANY to issue bonds from its home domicile state of Delaware, where it is allowed to write surety bonds. 

"Our position is we're compliant," said Shah. 

Knight's compliance officer, Mike Pepitone, said that there are a number of insurance companies that do not hold a license in every state, but a company is able to write a bond in other states where they are not licensed on what he said is called "an excess and surplus lines basis."

"For court bonds, as regulated by the CPLR, the law is clear about in-state license requirement," said Pollock, who noted that there are surety bonds used in other industries like construction that would not be subject to that rule.

Shah initially said that the company had in fact submitted a financial statement with the bond. In its initial bond filing, Pepitone said the financial statement was not supposed to be included, but later, in its updated bond filing Thursday, the company shared its financial statement.

If Knight Specialty does not have Trump's cash collateral for the bond in its possession, Lederman questioned whether the company "could or would pay immediately" if Trump loses his appeal. Lederman said James should investigate to determine if the company is in compliance with state law requirements.

"The attorney general would have ample grounds to push back here," said Pollock.

The New York Attorney General's office declined to comment. But Lederman said, "The attorney general is now requiring Trump to follow the law and have the court approve the bond because as filed, the bond is not acceptable."

Knight's updated filing included a financial statement showing that the company's surplus to policyholders is $1 billion and a joint limited power of attorney signed by Hankey and Shah.

• Donald Trump

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