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Class 12 Chemistry Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 12 Chemistry Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Chemistry . These Assignments for Grade 12 Chemistry cover all important topics which can come in your standard 12 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 12 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for Chemistry Class 12 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Chemistry Class 12. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for Chemistry class 12 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Chemistry Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

Chemistry Class 12 Assignments Pdf Download

We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 12 Chemistry . Students and teachers can download and save all free Chemistry assignments in Pdf for grade 12th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 12 important questions and answers for Chemistry as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 12 Chemistry and CBSE Assignments for Chemistry Class 12 will be really helpful for standard 12th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 12th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

Topicwise Assignments for Class 12 Chemistry Download in Pdf

Advantages of Class 12 Chemistry Assignments

• As we have the best and largest collection of Chemistry assignments for Grade 12, you will be able to easily get full list of solved important questions which can come in your examinations.
• Students will be able to go through all important and critical topics given in your CBSE Chemistry textbooks for Class 12 .
• All Chemistry assignments for Class 12 have been designed with answers. Students should solve them yourself and then compare with the solutions provided by us.
• Class 12 Students studying in per CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools will be able to free download all Chemistry chapter wise worksheets and assignments for free in Pdf
• Class 12 Chemistry question bank will help to improve subject understanding which will help to get better rank in exams

Frequently Asked Questions by Class 12 Chemistry students

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We provide here Standard 12 Chemistry chapter-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for Chemistry in Grade 12, all topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here topic-wise Chemistry Grade 12 question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material.

We have provided the best collection of question bank and practice tests for Class 12 for all subjects. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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Chemistry Class 12

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Class 12 is a crucial year for students who want to pursue higher education in chemistry or related fields. It is the year when you have to prepare for competitive exams like JEE, NEET, AIIMS, etc. as well as board exams. It is also the year when you have to learn some of the most advanced and complex topics in chemistry, such as electrochemistry, coordination compounds, organic synthesis, biomolecules, and more.🧪🔬🌡

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

Download chapter-wise ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry  are drafted by the faculty at BYJU’S to help students learn all the complex concepts efficiently. Each and every question from the NCERT Textbook is answered in a systematic format to help students learn in a shorter duration. NCERT Solutions are prepared following vast research to make it easier for the students to complete the entire syllabus before the exams. Though various study materials are available online, it is very important for the students to identify their individual needs, and find the appropriate material accordingly. For this purpose, we at BYJU’S have provided both online and offline formats of the solutions, completely based on the latest syllabus of the CBSE board.

Students can access the chapter-wise solutions on this page from the links provided below. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 2 PDF Download option can be used by the students while learning the chapters from the textbook. NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry (specific chapter) can be downloaded by clicking the links which are provided below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry (Chapter-wise)

• Chapter 1: Solutions
• Chapter 2: Electrochemistry
• Chapter 3: Chemical Kinetics
• Chapter 4: The d & f Block Elements
• Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds
• Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
• Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
• Chapter 8: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
• Chapter 9: Amines
• Chapter 10: Biomolecules

The following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry textbook 2023-24.

• The Solid State
• Surface Chemistry
• General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
• The p-Block Elements
• Chemistry in Everyday Life

Understanding the concepts during class hours might be difficult for the students. To overcome this issue, students must make use of the reference materials which are available online to get their doubts cleared. Regular practice of concepts in which they are weak will make them more confident from the exam point of view. Students are advised to read the chapter from the NCERT textbook and answer the exercise questions present in them for strong conceptual knowledge. The problem-solving and analytical thinking skills among students will be developed if the students answer the questions by referring to the NCERT Solutions available at BYJU’S.

Download NCERT Chemistry Class 12 Solutions PDF to boost your final exam preparation.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry is an important subject as it contains many chemical reactions and problems which are of more marks when it comes to exams. Scoring good marks in this subject is possible only if students learn the chapters on a regular basis. Even numericals are present in the chapters, so noting down the important formulas and understanding the method of solving them is an important step here. The NCERT Solutions contain an explanation for each reaction so that it will be easier for the students while preparing for the exams. Students will also be able to revise the chapters and recall them easily while answering the complex questions in the exam.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Details and Exercises

Chapter 1: the solid state.

This chapter explains the general characteristics of solid state, crystal lattice, classification of solids , imperfections in solids and unit cell. Matter is of three states – solid, liquid and gas. Solids are again divided into – Crystalline and Amorphous. Crystalline has a definite shape, whereas amorphous has no form. NCERT Solutions is a perfect guide to acquire a firm grip over these concepts. To strengthen the concepts further, students can also access the NCERT Exemplar Solutions which are available at BYJU’S.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 1 The Solid State at BYJU’S:

• The Solid State Class 12 Notes Chapter 1
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 1 the Solid State
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 1 – Solid State
• Chapter I – Solid State

Chapter 2: Solutions

A solution is a mixture of two or more components. This chapter helps students to understand the concentration of solutions, types of solutions, the vapour pressure of liquid solutions, solubility of gases and solids in a liquid, ideal and non ideal solutions and Raoult’s Law. Various problems based on finding the molarity, mole fraction, mass percentage and Henry’s Law constant are also present here. These problems are not only important for the Class 12 exams but also are of higher importance in competitive exams like JEE Mains, JEE Advanced etc.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 2 Solutions :

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, and abnormal molecular mass.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 2 Solutions at BYJU’S:

• Solutions Class 12 Notes Chapter 2
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 2 – Solutions

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is defined as the branch of Chemistry which deals with the relationship between electrical and chemical energy produced in a redox reaction and their conversion. The concepts which are covered in this chapter are – electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells , Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis, batteries, fuel cells and corrosion. Students who are not able to solve the numerical problems can also refer to the NCERT Solutions and answer them effortlessly.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 3 Electrochemistry :

Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 3 Electrochemistry at BYJU’S:

• Electrochemistry Class 12 Notes Chapter 3
• Electrochemistry Formulas for NEET
• MCQs on Electrochemistry
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 3 Electrochemistry
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 3 – ElectroChemistry Solutions

Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

This chapter will provide you with a good understanding of the rate of chemical reaction, Arrhenius equation , dependence on the rate of reaction and collision theory of chemical reaction. Chemical Kinetics is a branch of Chemistry which deals with the rate of chemical reaction, the factors affecting it and the mechanism of the reaction. We have 3 types in accordance to the rate of reaction – Instantaneous reactions, Slow reactions and Moderately Slow reactions.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics :

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment).

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics at BYJU’S:

• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 4 – Chemical Kinetics
• Chemical Kinetics
• Chemical Kinetics Class 12 Notes Chapter 4
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

Surface chemistry deals with important features like catalysis, adsorption and colloids which comprises gel and emulsion. After going through this chapter, students will understand the interfacial phenomenon and its significance, adsorption and its classification, mechanism of adsorption and the factors controlling adsorption. Further solving the textbook questions along with previous year question papers will boost the exam preparation of CBSE students.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry at BYJU’S:

• Surface Chemistry Class 12 Notes Chapter 5
• Chapter 5 – Surface Chemistry
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 5 – Surface Chemistry Solutions
• MCQs on Surface Chemistry
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry

Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Metallurgy is a scientific and technological process which is followed to isolate the metal from its ores. Apart from explaining the processes and reactions of metal extraction, students will also learn about the fundamental principles and developments which would occur in this field. Aluminium is the most abundant metal which is found on the earth’s crust which is 8.3% by weight. So cleaning the ore, i.e., removal of particles like clay, sand etc., is known as concentration or dressing of the ore.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements at BYJU’S:

• General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Class 12 Notes Chapter 6
• Chapter 6 – General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
• General principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements MCQ
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 6 – General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Elements

Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

The history of the p-block elements has a history which takes us back to the 19th century. Group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 elements are known as p-block elements. They exist in three physical states – metal, non metal and metalloids. For a better clarification of these concepts, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions available at BYJU’S. The clear explanation of each and every concept will help students attain good marks in the final exam.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 7 The p-Block Elements at BYJU’S:

• Chapter 7 – P – Block Elements
• MCQs on p-Block Elements for NEET
• The p-Block Elements Class 12 Notes Chapter 7
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 7 – The P Block Elements

Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements

The elements which are lying between the s and p-block elements are called as d-block or transition elements . The inner transition series are called as f-block elements. This chapter introduces concepts such as the general properties of transition elements, variation in ionic and atomic size of transition metals, physical properties, ionization enthalpies, magnetic properties and oxidation states. Students will get a clear idea about the electronic configuration, general characteristics and properties of important compounds in this chapter.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 8 The d- and f-Block Elements :

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and KMnO 4 . Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 8 The d- and f-Block Elements at BYJU’S:

• The d-and f-Block Elements Class 12 Notes Chapter 8
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 8 – The D Block And F Block Elements
• MCQ on D and F Block Elements
• Chapter 8 – D and F Block Elements

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds is a challenging area in the modern inorganic chemistry. In this chapter, students will be able to learn about Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds, definitions of important terms, nomenclature, isomerism , bonding, stability, importance and applications of coordination compounds. They will also study about the bonding in meta carbonyls which is important for the exams. These concepts are important for CBSE exams and competitive exams so more importance should be given when it comes to scoring marks.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 9 The Coordination Compounds:

Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding; isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds at BYJU’S:

• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 9 – Coordination Compounds
• Coordination Compounds MCQ
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 9 the Coordination Compounds
• Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chapter 9

Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons are called haloalkanes. They are classified based on the number of hydrogen atoms present in them. The aromatic compounds in which the halogens are attached directly to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring are called haloarenes. In this chapter, students will also get an idea about the methods of preparation, chemical and physical properties and the organohalogen compounds uses. The reactions involved in the preparation of haloarenes and haloalkanes are explained clearly in this chapter to help students perform well in the exams.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes :

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrochloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes at BYJU’S:

• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes Chapter 10
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 10 – Haloalkanes And Haloarenes
• Chapter 10 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes MCQs

Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

The c lassification of alcohols and phenols are based on the number of -OH groups present. Compounds which have one -OH group are called monohydride alcohols and phenols. The compounds which have two, three or more -OH groups are called dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols and phenols. Students will study about the reactions involved in the process of making alcohols from phenols, alcohols and ethers. It will also help students to learn about the physical properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers :

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, some important compounds – methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers at BYJU’S:

• Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chapter 11
• Important Notes For NEET Chemistry – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 11 – Alcohols Phenols And Ethers
• MCQ on Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

In organic chemistry, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are of utmost importance. Aldehydes and Ketones can be obtained by the hydration of alkynes, ozonolysis of alkenes and by the oxidation of alcohols . Carboxylic acids can be obtained by the oxidation of aldehydes or primary alcohols. This chapter is very important and carries more marks in the board exam. For this purpose, students have to learn all the concepts and revise them on a regular basis for a good score.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids :

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids at BYJU’S:

• Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Class 12 Notes Chapter 12
• Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids MCQs
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 12 – Aldehydes Ketones And Carboxylic Acids
• Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 12 Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Chapter 13: Amines

The derivatives of ammonia are amines which are obtained by the replacement of hydrogen. From this chapter, students will be able to understand the nomenclature, structure and properties of amines . Amines are an important organic compound which contains nitrogen. Numerous examples of determining the basicity of amines, the reaction and synthesis of amines are explained briefly in this chapter. Students will obtain a good hold on these concepts by answering the questions present at the end of the chapter.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines :

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Cyanides and Isocyanides will be mentioned at relevant places in context. Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 13 Amines at BYJU’S:

• Amines Class 12 Notes Chapter 13
• MCQs on Amines
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 13 – Amines

Chapter 14: Biomolecules

The organic compounds which are present as essential constituents in different cells of the living organism are called biomolecules . These include proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and nucleic acids. The interaction of biomolecules constitute the molecular logic of life processes. Simple molecules such as mineral salts and vitamins play an important role in the function of organisms. The structure and functions of the biomolecules are covered in this chapter as per the latest CBSE guidelines.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 14 Biomolecules :

Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance. Proteins: Elementary idea of α – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Vitamins: Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA .

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 14 Biomolecules at BYJU’S:

• Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chapter 14
• MCQ On Biomolecules
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 14 – Biomolecules

Chapter 15: Polymers

This chapter includes the concepts like – monomer, polymer and polymerisation. Its classification is based on the source, structure and polymerisation. The types of polymerisation are – addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation. The important concepts of this chapter are explained clearly in the NCERT textbook. Students who aspire to score good marks in the exams are recommended to learn this chapter thoroughly and have a clear idea of these concepts.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 15 Polymers at BYJU’S:

• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 15 – Polymers
• Polymers Class 12 Notes Chapter 15
• Polymers MCQs

Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

The sphere of human life is influenced by Chemistry. The principles of Chemistry have benefitted humans in a lot of ways. The concepts which are discussed in this chapter are – drugs and their classification , drug target interaction, the therapeutic action of different classes of drugs, chemicals in food and cleansing agents. Chemistry is a tough subject, and it requires lots of practice to remember the chemical reactions and formulas. So making use of the NCERT Solutions at BYJU’S will provide you with a strong grip on the important topics.

Also access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life at BYJU’S:

• Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Notes Chapter 16
• MCQs on Chemistry in Everyday Life
• Chapter 16 – Chemistry in Everyday Life
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions for Chapter 16 – Chemistry Solutions In Everyday Life

Each chapter from the NCERT Class 12 textbook contains a lot of concepts which might cause more stress in the students’ mind. So it is necessary to first know the tips and tricks to remember all the concepts efficiently. Students can download  NCERT Class 12 Books  here.

Merits of BYJU’S NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

The Class 12 NCERT Solutions for Chemistry provided by BYJU’S feature:

• In-depth explanations for all logical reasoning questions.
• Step-by-step processes for solving numerical value questions.
• Concise and to-the-point answers to all theoretical questions.
• Verified answers from top-class subject experts.
• Free download option is available for Chemistry 12 NCERT Solutions PDF .

Note: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry students can bookmark this page in their browser to easily access NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry in the future.

CBSE Marking Scheme 2023-24

Class 12 is a crucial stage in the life of a student. To help them grasp all the concepts effectively, the CBSE board has divided the entire course into sections having marks according to the exam pattern. All the chapters are divided based on the marks weightage and importance from the CBSE exams perspective. The purpose of doing this is to provide a quality education for Class 12 students and help them achieve their future goals. It also provides a strong foundation of basic concepts which are important for the exams.

Think NCERT Solutions, Think BYJU’S

BYJU’S NCERT Solutions are considered by many as the best solutions for CBSE students. The accuracy and reliability of the content provided here are unparalleled. Students will be able to complete the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus and revise them accordingly to score good marks in the exams. Some key attributes of the NCERT Solutions provided by us are listed below.

• The solutions are drafted by top-notch faculty

At BYJU’S, top-notch faculty design solutions in order to help students perform well in the CBSE exams. They make it easier for the students to understand the concepts and grasp them. The solutions are 100% accurate as they completely follow the CBSE syllabus and guidelines.

• Regular practice helps students answer difficult questions

The solutions at BYJU’S are student-friendly because the faculty make use of simple language to help students understand the concepts. All the difficult questions are explained with many examples so that students do not face any further doubts about the concept. The solutions not only help students to gain marks but will also help them in their higher education.

• Best study material for reference

Students who are not able to answer the questions from the textbook can refer to the NCERT Solutions available at BYJU’S. The solutions are prepared in order to assist students with the various types of questions that would appear in the exam. It helps them to understand the method of approaching questions in the final exam.

After going through our Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions, Also Explore:

• NCERT Exemplar Problems for Class 12 Chemistry
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry

Have any questions/issues regarding our NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry? Our support team is always available to resolve your queries. Register with BYJU’S and get in touch with them NOW!

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Assignments Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

Please refer to Assignments Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 2 with solved questions and answers. We have provided Class 12 Chemistry Assignments for all chapters on our website. These problems and solutions for Chapter 2 Solutions Class 12 Chemistry have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. Learn these solved important questions to get more marks in your class tests and examinations.

Solutions Assignments Class 12 Chemistry

Question. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of solution with its vapour pressure? (A) Mole fraction (B) Parts per million (C) Mass percentage (D) Molality

Question. When 1 mole of benzene is mixed with 1 mole of toluene the vapour will contain: (Given: vapour of benzene = 12.8kPa and vapour pressure of toluene = 3.85 kPa).  (A) equal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms an ideal solution (B) unequal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms a non ideal solution (C) higher percentage of benzene (D) higher percentage of toluene

Question. KH value for Ar(g), CO 2 (g), HCHO(g) and CH4(g) are 4.039, 1.67, 1.83 × 10 –5 , and 0.143, respectively.Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing solubility (A) HCHO < CH 4  < CO 2  < Ar (B) HCHO < CO 2  < CH 4 < Ar (C) Ar < CO 2  < CH 4  < HCHO (D) Ar < CH 4  < CO 2  < HCHO

Question. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’.Precipitation of substance ‘A’ takes place when small amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is _________. (A) saturated (B) supersaturated (C) unsaturated (D) concentrated

Question. At equilibrium the rate of dissolution of a solid solute in a volatile liquid solvent is __________. (A) less than the rate of crystallisation (B) greater than the rate of crystallisation (C) equal to the rate of crystallisation (D) zero

Question.  Which of the following solutions in water has highest boiling point? (A) 1 M NaCl (B) 1 M MgCl 2 (C) 1 M urea (C) 1 M glucose

Question. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point? (A) 1.0 M NaOH (B) 1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 (C) 1.0 M NH 4 NO 3 (D) 1.0 M KNO 3

Question. A molar solution is one that contains one mole of a solute in (A) 1000 g of the solvent (B) one litre of the solvent (C) one litre of the solution (D) 22.4 litre of the solution

Question. In which mode of expression, the concentration of a solution remains independent of temperature? (A) Molarity (B) Normality (C) Formality (D) Molality

Question. Value of Henry’s constant KH is ________________. (A) Increases with increase in temperature. (B) Decreases with increase in temperature (C) Remains constant (D) First increases then decreases.

Question. For a dilute solution, Raoult’s law states that (A) The lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute. (B) The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute. (C) The relative lowering of vapour pressure is proportional to the amount of solute in solution. (D) The vapour pressure of the solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solute.

Question. Relative lowering of vapour pressure is a colligative property because _________ . (A) It depends on number of particles of electrolyte solute in solution and does not depend on the nature of the solute particles. (B) It depends on the concentration of a non electrolyte solute in solution as well as on the nature of the solute molecules. (C) Is depends on the concentration of an electrolyte or non-electrolyte solute is solution as well on the nature of solute molecules. (D) None of the above

Question. The unit of ebullioscopic constant is: (A) K kg mol -1  or K (molality) -1 (B) mol kg -1  K -1  or K -1  (molality) (C) kg mol-1 K -1  or K- (molality) -1 (D) K mol kg -1  or K (molality)

Question. The increase in the temperature of the aqueous solution will result in its (A) Molarity to increase (B) Molarity to decrease (C) Mole fraction to increase (D) Mass % to increase

Question. Considering the formation, breaking and strength of hydrogen bond, predict which of the following mixtures will show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law? (A) Methanol and acetone. (B) Chloroform and acetone. (C) Nitric acid and water. (D) Phenol and aniline.

Question. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at some specific composition, then. (A) A–B interactions are stronger than those between A–A or B–B. (B) vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape from the solution. (C) vapour pressure of solution decreases because less number of molecules of only one of the liquids escape from the solution. (D) A–B interactions are weaker than those between A–A or B–B.

Question. Consider the figure and mark the correct option.

(A) Water will move from side (A) to side (B) if pressure lower than osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B). (B) Water will move from side (B) to side (A) if pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B). (C) Water will move from side (B) to side (A) if pressure equal to osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B). (D) Water will move from side (A) to side (B) if pressure equal to osmotic pressure is applied on piston (A).

Question. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at some specific composition then_________. (A) A–B interactions are stronger than those between A–A or B–B. (B) Vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape from the solution. (C) Vapour pressure of solution decreases because less number of molecules of only one of the liquids escape from the solution. (D) A–B interactions are weaker than those between A–A or B–B.

ASSERTION AND REASON BASED MCQs 

Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false and R is True

Question. Assertion (A):  Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property. Reason (R):  Elevation in boiling point is directly proportional to molarity. 

Question. Assertion (A):  Molarity of a solution changes with temperature. Reason (R):  Molarity is dependent on volume of solution.

Question. Assertion (A):  0.1 M solution of KCl has great osmotic pressure than 0.1 M solution of glucose at same temperature. Reason (R):  In solution KCl dissociates to produce more number of particles.

Question. Assertion (A):  An ideal solution obeys Henry’s law. Reason (R):  In an ideal solution, solute-solute as well as solvent-solvent interactions are similar to solutesolvent interaction. 

Question. Assertion (A):  Molarity of 0.1 N solution of HCl is 0.1 M. Reason (R):  Normality and molarity of a solution are always equal.

Question. Assertion (A):  Dimethyl ether is less volatile than ethyl alcohol. Reason (R):  Dimethyl ether has greater vapour pressure than ethyl alcohol.

Question. Assertion (A):  Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature. Reason (R):  The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.

Question. Assertion (A):  Vapour pressure increase with increase in temperature. Reason (R):  With increase in temperature, more molecules of the liquid can go into vapour phase.

Question. Assertion (A):  A molar solution is more concentrated than molal solution. Reason (R):  A molar solution contains one mole of solute in 1000 mL of solution.

CASE-BASED MCQs

I. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

Scuba apparatus includes a tank of compressed air toted by the diver on his or her back, a hose for carrying air to a mouthpiece, a face mask that covers the eyes and nose, regulators that control air flow, and gauges that indicate depth and how much air remains in the tank. A diver who stays down too long, swims too deep, or comes up too fast can end up with a condition called “the bends.” In this case, bubbles of gas in the blood can cause intense pain, even death. In these following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given.

Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (A) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and Reason is correct explanation for Assertion. (B) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion. (C) Assertion is correct statement but Reason is wrong statement. (D) Assertion is wrong statement but Reason is correct statement.

Question. Assertion:  Bends is caused due to formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood of scuba divers which blocks the capillaries. Reason:  Underwater high pressure increases solubility of gases in blood, while as pressure gradually decreases moving towards the surface,gases are released and nitrogen bubbles are formed in blood.

Question. Assertion:  Scuba divers may face a medical condition called ‘bends’. Reason:  ‘Bends’ can be explained with the help of Henry’s law as it links the partial pressure of gas to that of its mole fraction.

Question. Assertion:  Anoxia is a condition experienced by climbers which makes them suddenly agile and unable to think clearly. Reason:  At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at the ground level.

Question. Assertion:  Soft drinks and soda water bottles are sealed under high pressure. Reason:  High pressure maintains the taste and texture of the soft drinks.

II. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

Raoult’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution. Dalton’s law of partial pressure states that the total pressure (ptotal) over the solution phase in the container will be the sum of the partial pressures of the components of the solution and is given as: P total  = P 1  +P 2  

Question. In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a 0.01 M MgCl 2  solution is _____________. (A) the same (B) about twice (C) about three times (D) about six times

Question. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law does the above graph represent ? (A) First positive then negative (B) Negative deviation (C) Positive deviation (D) First negative then positive

Question. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point ? (A) 1.0 M NaOH (B) 1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 (C) 1.0 M NH 4 NO 3 (D) 1.0 M KNO 3

Question. A solution of two liquids boils at a temperature more than the boiling point of either of them. What type of deviation will be shown by the solution formed in terms of Raoult’s law ? (A) Negative deviation (B) Positive deviation (C) First positive then negative (D) First negative then positive

III. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

Boiling point or freezing point of liquid solution would be affected by the dissolved solids in the liquid phase. A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and depressing its freezing point. The addition of non-volatile substances to a solvent decreases the vapor pressure and the added solute particles affect the formation of pure solvent crystals. According to many researches the decrease in freezing point directly correlated to the concentration of solutes dissolved in the solvent. This phenomenon is expressed as freezing point depression and it is useful for several applications such as freeze concentration of liquid food and to find the molar mass of an unknown solute in the solution. Freeze concentration is a high quality liquid food concentration method where water is removed by forming ice crystals. This is done by cooling the liquid food below the freezing point of the solution. The freezing point depression is referred as a colligative property and it is proportional to the molar concentration of the solution (m), along with vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These are physical characteristics of solutions that depend only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute. The characters are not depending on the solute’s identity.

Question. When a non volatile solid is added to pure water it will: (a) boil above 100°C and freeze above 0°C (b) boil below 100°C and freeze above 0°C (c) boil above 100°C and freeze below 0°C (d) boil below 100°C and freeze below 0°C

Question. Colligative properties are: (a) dependent only on the concentration of the solute and independent of the solvent’s and solute’s identity. (b) dependent only on the identity of the solute and the concentration of the solute and independent of the solvent’s identity. (c) dependent on the identity of the solvent and solute and thus on the concentration of the solute. (d) dependent only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute and independent of the solute’s identity.

Question. Assume three samples of juices A, B and C have glucose as the only sugar present in them.The concentration of sample A, B and C are 0.1M,.5M and 0.2 M respectively. Freezing point will be highest for the fruit juice: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) All have same freezing point

Question. Identify which of the following is a colligative property: (A) freezing point (B) boiling point (C) osmotic pressure (D) all of the above

STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. On the basis of information given below mark the correct option. (i) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermolecular interactions of A-A and B-B type are nearly same as A-B type interactions. (ii) In ethanol and acetone mixture A-A or B-B type intermolecular interactions are stronger than A-B type interactions. (iii) In chloroform and acetone mixture A-A or B-B type intermolecular interactions are weaker than A-B type interactions. (a) Solution (ii) and (iii) will follow Raoult’s law. (b) Solution (i) will follow Raoult’s law. (c) Solution (ii) will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law. (d) Solution (iii) will show positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

Question. Molarity and molality of a solution of NaOH is calculated.If now temperature of the solution is increased then which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ? (i) Molarity of solution decreases (ii) Molality of the solution increases (a) Both statements are correct (b) Statement (i) is correct only (c) Statement (ii) is correct only (d) Both statements are incorrect.

Question. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Different gases have different KH values at the same temperature. (ii) Higher the value of KH at a given temperature, lower is the solubility of the nature of gas in the liquid. (iii) KH is a function of the nature of the gas. (iv) Solubility of gases increases with increase of temperature. (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct. (b) (ii) and (iv) are correct. (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (d) (i) and (iv) are correct

Question. Which observation(s) reflect(s) colligative properties? (i) A 0.5 m NaBr solution has a higher vapour pressure than a 0.5 m BaCl2 solution at the same temperature (ii) Pure water freezes at the higher temperature than pure methanol (iii) a 0.1 m NaOH solution freezes at a lower temperature than pure water Choose the correct answer from the codes given below (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iii)

Question. Read the following statements and choose the correct option. (i) Polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent. (ii) Polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent. (iii) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent. (iv) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent. (a) (i) and (ii) are correct. (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (c) (i) and (iii) are correct. (d) (ii) and (iv) are correct.

Question. Study the given statements and choose the correct option. (i) 3.62 mass percentage of sodium hypochlorite in water is used as commercial bleaching solution. (ii) 35% volume percentage of ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze (as coolent in car engines). (iii) Concentration of dissolved oxygen in a litre of sea water is 5.8 ppm. (a) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct (b) Statements (i) and (iii) are correct (c) Statements (ii) and (iii) are correct (d) Statements (i),(ii) and (iii) are correct

Question. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option (i) Osmotic pressure is not a colligative property. (ii) For dilute solutions, osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity, C of the solution at a given temperature T. (iii) During osmosis ,solvent molecules always flow from higher concentration to lower concentration of solution. (iv) The osmotic pressure has been found to depend on the concentration of the solution (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct (b) (ii) and (iv) are correct (c) (iii), and (iv) are correct (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Question. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option (i) The vapour pressure of a liquid decreases with increase of temperature. (ii) The liquid boils at the temperature at which its vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. (iii) Vapour pressure of the solvent decreases in the presence of non-volatile solute. (iv) Vapour pressure of the pure solvent and solution is a function of temperature. (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct (b) (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct (c) (ii), (iii), and (iv) are correct (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Question. “If temperature increases solubility of gas decreases”. For this situation which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ? (i) Reaction is endothermic (ii) Le-chatelier’s principle can be applied (a) Statement (i) and (ii) both are correct (b) Statement (i) is correct only (c) Statement (ii) is correct only (d) Both statement(s) (i) and (ii) are incorrect 

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. Match the laws given in the Column-I with expression given in Column-II.

(a) A – (r), B – (t), C – (s), D – (p), E – (q) (b) A – (t), B – (r), C – (q), D – (s), E – (p) (c) A – (p), B – (t), C – (r), D – (q), E – (s) (d) A – (s), B – (p), C – (q), D – (r), E – (t)

Question. Match the columns

Column-I                                        Column-II (A) Na-Hg Amalgam                     (p) gas – solid (B) H2 in Pd                                 (q) gas – liquid (C) Camphor in nitrogen gas         (r) liquid – solid (D) Oxygen dissolved in water       (s) solid – gas (a) A – (q), B – (s), C – (r), D – (p) (b) A – (t), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s) (c) A – (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q) (d) A – (s), B – (q), C – (p), D – (p)

Question. Match the Column I, II & III and choose the correct option.

Column-I                                         Column-II                   Column-III (A) Gaseous solutions                     (p) Solid-liquid           (h) Copper dissolved in gold (B) Liquid solutions                        (q) Solid-solid             (i) Chloroform mixed with nitrogen (C) Solid solutions                         (r) Liquid-gas              (j) Common salt  dissolved in water (a) (A) – (r) – (h), (B) – (r) – (i), (C) – (p) – (j) (b) (A) – (r) – (i), (B) – (p) – (j), (C) – (q) – (h) (c) (A) – (r) – (j), (B) – (p) – (h), (C) – (q) – (i) (d) (A) – (r) – (j), (B) – (q) – (i), (C) – (p) – (h)

Column -I                            Column-II (A) Mass percentage           (p) Medicine and pharmacy (B) Mass by volume            (q) Concentration of pollutants in water (C) ppm                              (r) Industrial chemical application (D) Volume percentage         (s) Liquid solutions (a) A – (q), B – (p), C – (s), D – (r) (b) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q) (c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p) (d) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)

(a) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q) (b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q) (c) A – (r), B – (s), C – (q), D – (p) (d) A – (q), B – (p), C – (r), D – (s) 

ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion. (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

Question. Assertion : Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may have boiling points either greater than both the components or less than both the components.  Reason : The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid phase of an azeotropic mixture.

Question. Assertion : If one component of a solution obeys Raoult’s law over a certain range of composition, the other component will not obey Henry’s law in that range.  Reason : Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law.

Question. Assertion : When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semi- permeable membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution side        Reason : Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration solution to a region of low concentration solution.

Question. Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.  Reason : The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.

Question. Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.    Reason : The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing point.

Question. Assertion : If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent is added to the solvent, the vapour pressure of the solution may increase i.e., ps > po.  Reason : In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute,only the solute will form the vapours and solvent will not.

Question. Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.  Reason : When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling point is observed.

CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at some specific composition then _______. (a) A – B interactions are stronger than those between A – A or B – B (b) vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape from the solution. (c) vapour pressure of solution decreases because less number of molecules of only one of the liquids escape from the solution (d) A – B interactions are weaker than those between A – A or B – B

Question. Equal masses of methane and oxygen are mixed in an empty container at 25°C. The fraction of the total pressure exerted by oxygen is (a) 1/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 × 273/298 (d) 1/3

Question. The normality of orthophosphoric acid having purity of 70 % by weight and specific gravity 1.54 is (a) 11 N (b) 22 N (c) 33 N (d) 44 N

Question. KH value for Ar(g), CO 2 (g), HCHO (g) and CH 4 (g) are 40.39,1.67, 1.83 × 10 –5 and 0.413 respectively. Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing solubility. (a) HCHO < CH 4 < CO 2 < Ar (b) HCHO < CO 2 < CH 4 < Ar (c) Ar < CO 2 < CH 4 < HCHO (d) Ar < CH 4 < CO 2 < HCHO

Question. What is the ratio of no. of moles of nitrogen to that of oxygen in a container of 5 litre at atmospheric pressure? (a) 1 : 1.71 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 24

Question. Consider a and b are two components of a liquid mixture,their corresponding vapour pressure (mmHg) are respectively 450 and 700 in pure states and total pressure given is 600. Then corresponding composition in liquid phase will be (a) 0.4, 0.6 (b) 0.5, 0.5 (a) 0.6, 0.4 (d) 0.3, 0.7

Question. For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile nonelectrolyte solute in 100 g of water, the elevation in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2°C. Assuming concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution is (take Kb = 0.76 K kg mol –1 ) (a) 724 (b) 740 (c) 736 (d) 718

Question. Which will form maximum boiling point azeotrope (a) HNO 3 + H 2 O solution (b) C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 O solution (c) C 6 H 6 + C 6 H 5 CH 3 solution (d) None of these

Question. Chloroform and acetone are added to each other, Raoult’s law shows negative deviation.what does this suggests ? (a) Exothermic reaction (b) Endothermic reaction (c) Zero change in enthalpy (d) None of these

Question. When a gas is bubbled through water at 298 K, a very dilute solution of the gas is obtained. Henry’s law constant for the gas at 298 K is 100 kbar. If the gas exerts a partial pressure of 1 bar, the number of millimoles of the gas dissolved in one litre of water is (a) 0.555 (b) 5.55 (c) 0.0555 (d) 55.5

Question. Which of the following statements, regarding the mole fraction (x) of a component in solution, is incorrect? (a) 0 ≤ x ≤1 (b) x ≤1 (c) x is always non-negative (d) None of these

Question. Which one of the following gases has the lowest value of Henry’s law constant? (a) N 2 (b) He (c) H 2 (d) CO 2

Question. Someone has added a non electrolyte solid to the pure liquid but forgot that among which of the two beakers he has added that solid. This problem can be solved by checking (a) relative lower in vapour pressure (b) elevation in boiling point (c) depression in Freezing point (d) all above

Question. An 1% solution of KCl (I), NaCl (II), BaCl2 (III) and urea (IV) have their osmotic pressure at the same temperature in the ascending order (molar masses of NaCl, KCl,BaCl 2 and urea are respectively 58.5, 74.5, 208.4 and 60 g mole –1 ). Assume 100% ionization of the electrolytes at this temperature (a) I < III < II < IV (b) III < I < II < IV (c) I < II < III < IV (d) III < IV < I < II

Question. Vapour pressure of benzene at 30°C is 121.8 mm. When 15g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 250 g of benzene, its vapour pressure is decreased to 120.2 mm. The molecular weight of the solute is (a) 35.67 g (b) 356.7 g (c) 432.8 g (d) 502.7 g

Question. The difference between the boiling point and freezing point of an aqueous solution containing sucrose (molecular wt = 342 g mole –1 ) in 100 g of water is 105°C. If Kf and Kb of water are 1.86 and 0.51 K kg mol –1 respectively, the weight of sucrose in the solution is about (a) 34.2 g (b) 342 g (c) 7.2 g (d) 72 g

Question. At 300 K the vapour pressure of an ideal solution containing 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B is 500 mm of Hg.The vapour pressure of the solution increases by 25 mm of Hg, if one more mole of B is added to the above ideal solution at 300 K. Then the vapour pressure of A in its pure state is (a) 300 mm of Hg (b) 400 mm of Hg (c) 500 mm of Hg (d) 600 mm of Hg

Question. The boiling point of 0.2 mol kg –1 solution of X in water is greater than equimolal solution of Y in water. Which one of the following statements is true in this case ? (a) Molecular mass of X is greater than the molecular mass of Y. (b) Molecular mass of X is less than the molecular mass of Y. (c) Y is undergoing dissociation in water while X undergoes no change. (d) X is undergoing dissociation in water.

Question. The vapour pressure of a solvent decreases by 10 mm of Hg when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent if the decrease in the vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of Hg ? (a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.2

Question. What is the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g HBr in 100 g water assuming the acid to be 90% ionised ? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol –1 ) : (a) 0.85°K (b) – 3.53°K (c) 0°K (d) – 0.35°K

Question. 1 g of a non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute of molar mass 250 g/mol was dissolved in 51.2 g of benzene. If the freezing point depression constant Kf of benzene is 5.12 kg K mol –1 . The freezing point of benzene is lowered by (a) 0.3 K (b) 0.5 K (c) 0.2 K (d) 0.4 K 

Question. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of non-volatile, non-electrolytic and non-associating solute in a solvent (Kb = x K kg mol –1 ) is y K, then the depression in freezing point of solution of same concentration would be (Kf of the solvent = z K kg mol –1 ) (a) 2xz/y (b) yz/x (c) xz/y (d) yz/2x

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• Education /

Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12 with Free Samples

• Updated on  
• Nov 20, 2023

Chemistry is one of the most fascinating and sought-after branches of science that entails enormous career opportunities. CBSE curriculum for class 12 includes investigatory chemistry projects through which the students understand the fundamental theories. If you are a 12th-class student who is looking forward to preparing an impressive project and needs some assistance with it, you are just in the right place. Through this blog, we are here to help you with every little detail you would want to know about the chemistry project for class 12. 

This Blog Includes:

Adsorption , synthesis of aspirin, sterilization of water using bleaching powder, analysis of fertilizer, presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening, effect of potassium bisulphate as a food preservative, quantity of presence of casein in different samples of milk, extraction of various essential oils present in ajwain (carum), illaichi (cardamom), and saunf (fennel seeds), surface chemistry colloidal solutions, paper chromatography.

• Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy

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100 top chemistry projects for class 12, sample chemistry project ppt for class 12, popular chemistry project for class 12.

Since you have got comparatively less time to study for your board exams, it is advisable to prepare your chemistry project easily and simply to explain. Given below are the details about the most popular chemistry project for class 12.

A process that leads to the transfer of a substance from fluid bulk to a solid surface, because of the forces of chemical bonds is called Adsorption. In this, the gaseous or liquid particles bind to a solid surface called adsorbate and form a molecular or atomic adsorbate film. Adsorption is usually a reversible process and in most cases, it is described at equilibrium which quantifies the amount which is equal to the amount of substance attached to the surface given and the concentration in the fluid. This is a popular concept among students for the chemistry project for class 12.

One of the choicest Chemistry projects for class 12 students is the making of Aspirin which is a common name for a compound named acetylsalicylic acid, majorly used as a pain killer in our day-to-day use. It is derived from salicylic acid, which is a natural product originating from the bark extracts of the willow family of plants, and was earlier used as a home remedy for curing headaches and fever. As the salicylic acid is bitter and irritating for the stomach, it is administered in the form of aspirin which proves to be less irritating.

Project Details

Here are some of the chemistry projects for class 12th explained briefly:

Aim: The following experiment is conducted to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required for the sterilization or purification of different samples of water.

Theory: Bleaching powder or Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)] is a very common way to disinfect drinking water with accurate scientific details. By using 5 drops of bleaching power for 2 litres of water, the chemical is set to sit for half an hour which can then make it safe for drinking. Bleaching powder also reacts with decaying levels and has lesser health risks than other chemical compounds like THMs.

Requirements: 250ml measuring flask, weight box, Burette, titration flask, 100ml graduated cylinder glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching Powder, 10% KI solution, Glass wool, Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N Na2S2O3), different samples of water, starch solution.

Aim: The objective of this experiment is to examine the refractive index of water using a travelling microscope.

Theory: Refraction is a phenomenon when the direction of light changes while traveling from one transparent medium to another. A refractive index is measured by calculating the ratio of the velocity of light from one medium to another. 

Requirements:  A beaker, a paper piece, a coin, and a traveling microscope.

Aim: To analyze the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening.

Theory: Carboxylic acids- primarily found in animals and plants- are produced in our body by the conversion of Vitamin C to oxalate. Excessive oxalate in our urine can cause hyperoxaluria (kidney stones). Requirements: 100ml. Measuring flask burette, pestle and mortar, beaker, funnel, weighing machine, papers, filter, dilute H2SO4, L (N /10) KMnO4 solution.

Aim: The objective of this project is to analyze the effect of Potassium bisulfite as a food preservative under different conditions.

Theory: Different food materials undergo natural changes due to environmental factors like temperature, time, and enzymes which make them decayed or inconsumable. The use of potassium bisulphite (KHSO3) effectively can preserve the food material by checking its concentration under different conditions.

Requirements: Beaker, glass bottles, balance, peeler, pestle and mortar, fresh fruits, knife, potassium bisulphite and sugar.

Aim: To analyze the Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk.

Theory: Caseins are proteins found in milk and the most common form is sodium caseinate. When milk is kept out for a long time, the bacteria present convert it into lactic acid, making it sour. The casein of milk starts precipitating in acidic conditions. 

Requirements: Conical flask, Funnel, Beakers, Measuring cylinder(100 mL), Watch glass, Filter paper, 1% acetic acid, Different samples of milk, Glass rod.

Aim: To extract essential oil present in  Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)

Theory: Essential oils have pleasant odours and are used are flavouring agents in food. They comprise complex mixtures and are also useful in insecticides and medical purposes. They are mostly concentrated in seeds or flowers but can be extracted from plants by steam distillation which reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils. 

Requirements: Round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, Steam generator (Copper Vessel),  condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-80°C), Saunf(Aniseed).

Aim: To study the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.

Theory:  Colloids are homogenous solutions that contain separate phases. The dispersed phase consists of particles that are evenly distributed in the continuous phase. Some colloids exhibit the phenomenon of the Tyndall effect which makes them translucent (Scattering of light by colloidal particles.). Gums are secreted by stems of trees and are natural polysaccharides. On heating with water, this soluble substance gets hydrolyzed and yields several monosaccharides which leads to a colloidal solution. 

Requirements: Two beakers (250 ml. and 50 ml.), Funnel,  wire gauze,  glass rod, tripod-stand, burner, filter papers, distilled water (100 ml), Arabic gum 4.5 g

Aim: To analyze ink components in black markers/pens using paper chromatography.

Theory: Chromatography is used to separate the components from complex mixtures. Ink manufacturers mix various colours to make newer ones. Paper chromatography helps separate different ingredients by attracting them to alcohol or water. 

Requirements: 100 mL beaker, 500 mL beaker, 90% isopropyl alcohol, Mini binder clips (2), Wooden splints, Different black pens and markers. 

Aim: To study the potential application of nano-gold for cancer therapy.

Theory: The latest method of cancer treatment includes using particles of nano-gold to absorb light from infrared lasers and destroy a tumour. It is slightly challenging because the light must not harm the healthy tissues.

Requirements: Vial of nano-gold  (red, pink, blue) suspensions, Vial of water with yellow food colouring, Flask of coloured water (red, pink, blue), LED flashlights, Magnet board (from Seeing Scale), Red theatrical gel.

Aim: To study how electrolytes and different objects influence the solar cell’s output energy.

Theory: Solar cells have more energy output when the material is blended well. Through this experiment, various objects and substances with different measures are used to impact the output energy of a solar cell.

Requirements:  10 ml vinegar, 6g Titanium Dioxide, dishwashing detergent,  TiO2 solution, berries, water, glass slides, and multimeter. 

Apart from these two popular choices for the chemistry project for class 12 students, you can decide and design a project based on your own choices and depending on the available resources. Given below is the list of the top 100 ideas that you can choose to prepare your chemistry project for class 12 CBSE easily:

• Sterilization of water using bleaching powder
• Analysis of fertilizer
• Chemistry in black and white photography
• Presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening
• Effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative
• Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk
• Extraction of various essential oils present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom) and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
• Surface chemistry colloidal solutions
• Paper chromatography

Electrolyte turns on the solar cell

• Effects of Dye on different types of fabric
• Comparative study of the rate of fermentation in the following substances- potato juice, wheat flour, carrot juice, gram flour, etc.
• Common food adulterants in fat, butter, oil, turmeric powder, pepper, chilli powder, sugar, etc.
• Measuring solubility of saturated solutions
• Measure the amount of acetic acid in vinegar
• Determination of contents in cold drinks
• Removal of alcohol from the body through Esterification
• Study of diffusion of solids in liquids
• Compare the rate of evaporation of water
• Check the ions present in a toothpaste
• Water concentration and texture
• Study the effects of metal coupling on the rate of corrosion
• Effects of voltage and concentration
• Effect of heat on vitamin C in tomatoes
• Removal of natural pigments by the interaction of oxygen and UV lights
• Uses of exothermic reactions
• Production of Hydrogen
• Reversible sunglasses
• Biodiesel formation
• Determining the amount of phosphate in detergents
• Preparation of Potash Alum
• Variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes
• Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in liquids
• Preparation of soya bean milk
• Determining caffeine in tea samples
• Catalytic decomposition
• Presence of pesticides and insecticides in fruits and vegetables
• Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays
• Digestion of starch by salivary amylase
• Invisible Ink: Modeling A Molecular Switch
• Absorbing Ammonia
• Effect of Acid Rain on Limestone Rock
• Finding EMF of Electrochemical Cell
• Alka-Seltzer Rocket Race
• The Visible Spectra of Soda Pops
• Green Chemistry: Bio-Diesel and Bio-Petrol
• Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids
• Red Cabbage pH paper
• DNAs Secret Code
• Amorphous Solids
• Nanoparticle Stained Glass
• Photolithography
• Growing Crystals
• Antibacterial Silver
• To Determine the Ignition Property of Potassium Nitrate
• Setting Of Mixture of Cement with Sand, Time and Fly Ash
• Formation Of Biodiesel
• Electrochemical Cell
• The Neutralizing Ability of Antacid Tablets
• Modelling Zeolites
• Investigating the Strength of Paper
• Microscope Activity
• Slicing Ice
• Invisible Sunblock
• Microencapsulation
• Using Zeolites as a Fertilizer
• What Keeps The Baby Dry
• Popcorn Towers
• Vitamin C in Fruit Juices
• Optimal Temperature for the Decomposition
• Luminescent Silole Nanoparticles for Chromium (VI) Detection
• Dyeing of Wool, Silk and Cotton in Malachite Green
• Effect Of Sodium Carbonate On the Foaming Capacity Of A Soap
• Environmental Pollution
• Discoveries In The Field Of Chemistry
• Which of the Plant Materials Used
• Which Road Deicer Corrodes Steel the Most?
• Extraction of Nicotine Sulphate from Samples of Cigarettes
• Fermentation
• Fuel Go Boom
• Get More Hydrogen from Your Water
• Investigation Of Foaming Capacity Of Different Washing Soap
• Measuring Solubility
• Mohr’s salt
• Acid vs. Teeth
• Why Are the Apples Brown
• Percentage Purity Of Iron Wire
• Preparation Of Cuprammonium Rayon Threads
• Preparation of Ink
• Preparation of Toilet Soaps
• Study of Constituents of an Alloy
• Study of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
• To Analyze a Sample of Brass Qualitatively
• To Prepare a Smoke Bomb
• Acidity In Tea
• Aldol Condensation
• Analysis Of Honey
• Comparing Lactose Percentage between Whole Milk and Powdered Milk

Also Read: Chemistry Reference Books for Class 12

Explore more

Investigatory projects are part of an obligatory assignment involving purely experimental procedures so that you report on, duplicate, or adapt something that someone else has already discovered. It may involve some other form of investigation also.

Chemistry is one of the more important and challenging subjects of the CBSE Class 12 Science stream.

A project can help students understand the complicated organization of the subject. CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Prohibition and Models are logical and offer exceptional and thorough explanations. Moreover, the projects and models make it easy for the students to understand the explanation behind derivations, laws, equations, and other concepts. 

We hope that we have provided you with every little detail you wanted to prepare for your chemistry project for class 12. If you are looking forward to pursuing a career in any of the branches of chemistry , abroad turn up to Leverage Edu . Book your 30 minutes of free career counselling session with us and get the answers to all your career-related queries.

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Project on removal of alcohol for human body by esterification

Hi Shivam, Get in touch with our experts and they will provide you with projects ideas on this topic.

This is very useful for me as a yearb12 learner

What exactly can I do for the topic “compare rate of evaporation of water”

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Project on order of reactions

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Chemistry 12

Chemistry 12 Course Overview

From:  https://curriculum.gov.bc.ca/curriculum/science/12/chemistry 

Introduction

Chemistry 12 enables students to enrich their understanding of chemistry through the study of how reaction rates, and equilibrium effect chemical systems involving solubility and acids & bases. The field of electrochemistry will also be explored. Students will further develop their problem-solving, virtual laboratory skills and their ability to communicate scientific information. This course is intended for students wishing to study science, engineering, technology, medicine or life sciences at the post-secondary level.

Where does this course fit?

• Pre-requisite:  Chemistry 11 required
• Graduation Status:  One of the Grade 11/12 Science options required for graduation

Course Materials

•  Hebden: Chemistry 12, A Workbook for Students by James A. Hebden   (Can be picked up at the VLN office for a $30 refundable deposit). 
• All other materials are provided in the course online.

Brief Outline

Assessment Percentage Breakdown

You have up to one year to complete your course.

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The instantaneous rate is the rate of a reaction at any particular point in time, a period of time that is so short that the concentrations of reactants and products change by a negligible amount. The initial rate is the instantaneous rate of reaction as it starts (as product just begins to form). Average rate is the average of the instantaneous rates over a time period.

rate = + 1 2 Δ [ CIF 3 ] Δ t = − Δ [ Cl 2 ] Δ t = − 1 3 Δ [ F 2 ] Δ t rate = + 1 2 Δ [ CIF 3 ] Δ t = − Δ [ Cl 2 ] Δ t = − 1 3 Δ [ F 2 ] Δ t

(a) average rate, 0 − 10 s = 0.0375 mol L −1 s −1 ; average rate, 10 − 20 s = 0.0265 mol L −1 s −1 ; (b) instantaneous rate, 15 s = 0.023 mol L −1 s −1 ; (c) average rate for B formation = 0.0188 mol L −1 s −1 ; instantaneous rate for B formation = 0.012 mol L −1 s −1

Higher molarity increases the rate of the reaction. Higher temperature increases the rate of the reaction. Smaller pieces of magnesium metal will react more rapidly than larger pieces because more reactive surface exists.

(a) Depending on the angle selected, the atom may take a long time to collide with the molecule and, when a collision does occur, it may not result in the breaking of the bond and the forming of the other. (b) Particles of reactant must come into contact with each other before they can react.

(a) very slow; (b) As the temperature is increased, the reaction proceeds at a faster rate. The amount of reactants decreases, and the amount of products increases. After a while, there is a roughly equal amount of BC , AB , and C in the mixture and a slight excess of A .

(a) 2; (b) 1

(a) The process reduces the rate by a factor of 4. (b) Since CO does not appear in the rate law, the rate is not affected.

4.3 × × 10 −5 mol/L/s

7.9 × × 10 −13 mol/L/year

rate = k ; k = 2.0 × × 10 −2 mol/L/h (about 0.9 g/L/h for the average male); The reaction is zero order.

rate = k [NOCl] 2 ; k = 8.0 × × 10 −8 L/mol/h; second order

rate = k [NO] 2 [Cl 2 ]; k = 9.1 L 2 mol −2 h −1 ; second order in NO; first order in Cl 2

(a) The rate equation is second order in A and is written as rate = k [ A ] 2 . (b) k = 7.88 × × 10 −3 L mol −1 s −1

(a) 2.5 × × 10 −4 mol/L/min

rate = k [I − ][OCl − ]; k = 6.1 × × 10 −2 L mol −1 s −1

Plotting a graph of ln[SO 2 Cl 2 ] versus t reveals a linear trend; therefore we know this is a first-order reaction:

k = −2.20 × × 10 5 s −1

The plot is nicely linear, so the reaction is second order. k = 50.1 L mol −1 h −1

8.3 × × 10 7 s

The reaction is first order. k = 1.0 × × 10 7 L mol −1 min −1

1.67 × 10 3 s ; 20% remains

The reactants either may be moving too slowly to have enough kinetic energy to exceed the activation energy for the reaction, or the orientation of the molecules when they collide may prevent the reaction from occurring.

The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary to form the activated complex in a reaction. It is usually expressed as the energy necessary to form one mole of activated complex.

After finding k at several different temperatures, a plot of ln k versus 1 T , 1 T , gives a straight line with the slope − E a R − E a R from which E a may be determined.

(a) 4-times faster (b) 128-times faster

3.9 × 10 15 s −1 3.9 × 10 15 s −1

43.0 kJ/mol

E a = 108 kJ A = 2.0 × × 10 8 s −1 k = 3.2 × × 10 −10 s −1 (b) 1.81 × × 10 8 h or 7.6 × × 10 6 day. (c) Assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplifies the calculation because we do not have to account for any reactant that, having been converted to product, returns to the original state.

The A atom has enough energy to react with BC ; however, the different angles at which it bounces off of BC without reacting indicate that the orientation of the molecule is an important part of the reaction kinetics and determines whether a reaction will occur.

No. In general, for the overall reaction, we cannot predict the effect of changing the concentration without knowing the rate equation. Yes. If the reaction is an elementary reaction, then doubling the concentration of A doubles the rate.

Rate = k [ A ][ B ] 2 ; Rate = k [ A ] 3

(a) Rate 1 = k [O 3 ]; (b) Rate 2 = k [O 3 ][Cl]; (c) Rate 3 = k [ClO][O]; (d) Rate 2 = k [O 3 ][NO]; (e) Rate 3 = k [NO 2 ][O]

(a) Doubling [H 2 ] doubles the rate. [H 2 ] must enter the rate equation to the first power. Doubling [NO] increases the rate by a factor of 4. [NO] must enter the rate law to the second power. (b) Rate = k [NO] 2 [H 2 ]; (c) k = 5.0 × × 10 3 mol −2 L −2 min −1 ; (d) 0.0050 mol/L; (e) Step II is the rate-determining step. If step I gives N 2 O 2 in adequate amount, steps 1 and 2 combine to give 2 NO + H 2 ⟶ H 2 O + N 2 O . 2 NO + H 2 ⟶ H 2 O + N 2 O . This reaction corresponds to the observed rate law. Combine steps 1 and 2 with step 3, which occurs by supposition in a rapid fashion, to give the appropriate stoichiometry.

The general mode of action for a catalyst is to provide a mechanism by which the reactants can unite more readily by taking a path with a lower reaction energy. The rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions are increased, leading to a faster achievement of equilibrium.

(a) Chlorine atoms are a catalyst because they react in the second step but are regenerated in the third step. Thus, they are not used up, which is a characteristic of catalysts. (b) NO is a catalyst for the same reason as in part (a).

The lowering of the transition state energy indicates the effect of a catalyst. (a) B; (b) B

The energy needed to go from the initial state to the transition state is (a) 10 kJ; (b) 10 kJ

Both have the same activation energy, so they also have the same rate.

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• Chemistry 12

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Chemistry 12

Clint Surry

Prerequisite

Chemistry 11, and Pre-Calculus Math 11 or 80% or higher in Foundations of Math 11.

Description

Chemistry 12 enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of reaction rates, chemical systems, equilibrium and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and laboratory skills and their ability to communicate scientific information. This course is intended for students wishing to study science, engineering, medicine or technology at the post-secondary level.

This course consists of 6 units: 1. Reaction Kinetics 2. Dynamic Equilibrium 3. Solubility 4. Acids Base Equilibria 5. Applications of Acids, Bases, and Salts 6. Electrochemistry

All course material, including labs, will be delivered online. There are 6 units in this course, each with a formative assignment, and a test. There are 2 online labs sims. All unit tests are timed take-home tests presented online and work is scanned and uploaded for grading. The two Term Tests are supervised online by Integrity Advocate (webcam and microphone are mandatory).

This is a self-paced course with continuous enrollment (students may enroll at any point during the year). It is an ideal program for self-motivated students who require flexibility in their academic ventures and who wish to take responsibility for establishing their own timelines. Students are asked to complete a schedule for themselves using the built in scheduler as one of the first activities in the course. This will give students the big picture of their commitment and progress towards completion.

All content, lab activities and assignments (both self-assessed and teacher-assessed) are available online. At the end of each unit, students will submit a send-in assignment that teacher will use to assess the student’s understanding, and give the student specific feedback on their progress. Students must demonstrate adequate understanding before being permitted to write the unit test.

There are six take home unit tests (1.5hr-2hr), and two supervised Term Tests (each 90 min, based on Unit 1-3 and Unit 4-6)

Introductory Unit - Assignment: 0.5% Introductory Unit – Multiple Choice Test: 1% Introductory Unit – Written Test: 3.5% Unit 1 Test: 8% Haber Ethical Debate: 2% Lab #2: 5% Unit 2 Test: 8% Unit 3 Test: 6% Term 1 Test (units 1-3 Supervised) 20% Lab #3: 5% Unit 4 & 5 Test: 12% Electrochemistry Quiz: 1% Unit 6 Test: 8% Term 2 Test (units 4-6 Supervised) 20%

BC Performance Standards

Online tutorials are available if student would like additional 1-1 help. There is a signup link on the course homepage. The teacher is also available to help by telephone and e-mail

Students need access to computer with a webcam and microphone, a cell phone to scan your work, and a scientific calculator (a mobile phone or tablet will not be permitted for tests) to use in lessons, learning guides, labs and assignments. A scanner or scanning app on a smart phone is also required to scan and submit work as all assignments must be submitted electronically. Paper copies will not be accepted.

https://curriculum.gov.bc.ca/curriculum/science/12/chemistry

Faculty Resources

Assignments.

The assignments in this course are openly licensed, and are available as-is, or can be modified to suit your students’ needs. Available answer keys will be provided to faculty who adopt Waymaker or OHM courses with paid support from Lumen Learning. This approach helps us protect the academic integrity of these materials by ensuring they are shared only with authorized and institution-affiliated faculty and staff.

If you import this course into your learning management system (Blackboard, Canvas, etc.), the assignments will automatically be loaded into the assignment tool.

You can view these faculty-contributed assignments below or throughout the course.

Discussions

The following discussion assignments will also be preloaded (into the discussion-board tool) in your learning management system if you import the course. They can be used as is, modified, or removed. You can preview them below:

Optional Reading-Based Discussions

If you wish, you can include the following prompt to encourage students to complete their reading and discuss class topics with their peers.

Discussion Board Standards

It is expected that students will complete the assigned textbook readings prior to posting responses to the discussion board. Student interaction is encouraged. The goal of these online discussions is to simulate the sort of group discussion that can occur in traditional classroom settings. Therefore, students must post comments to at least two classmates. In addition, the instructor may post their reaction to student comments.

The instructor will assess the quality of student contributions towards group discussion and determine a grade for each unit/chapter.

• Student discussion must be relevant to the specific question being discussed.
• Students should demonstrate their understanding of the issues, theories, and problems from their textbook readings and homework. Good student commentary will make reference to specific textbook readings and make use of the terminology introduced in the chapter.
• Students should respond to the discussion questions with an attitude of proper objectivity and a willingness to discuss matters with others who do not share their viewpoint. Criticism of theories or ideas is appropriate; however, the tone of this criticism should remain scholarly rather than personal.
• Students are encouraged to make use of examples and counter-examples, compare and contrast theories, make reference to past learning, indicate problems or difficulties they have with the theories, and draw out the relevant implications of the discussion.
• Students may also raise questions they have about the readings and discuss possible answers provided these questions are relevant to the topic of the discussion.

Consider the discussions as opportunities to share ideas about this exciting material with your classmates—enjoy this!

• Assignments. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Reading-Based Discussions. Authored by : Shawn Shields. Provided by : Germanna Community College. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Pencil Cup. Authored by : IconfactoryTeam. Provided by : Noun Project. Located at : https://thenounproject.com/term/pencil-cup/628840/ . License : CC BY: Attribution