assignment branch condition

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Posted on Jun 26, 2020 • Updated on Aug 3, 2020 • Originally published at thedevpost.com

11 Most Asked Questions About RuboCop

RuboCop is a Ruby static code analyzer and code formatter which helps to track errors easily and fix minor code issues during the development process saving your time. It has many advantages and you can learn more about RuboCop on https://docs.rubocop.org/en/stable/ .

Today, we will be talking about the most asked questions about RuboCop.

1. How to check if record exists from controller in Rails

How to test if at least one record exists?

Option 1: Using .exists?

Option 2: Using .present? (or .blank? , the opposite of .present? )

Option 3: Variable assignment in the if statement

This option can be considered a code smell by some linters (RuboCop for example).

Option 3b: Variable assignment

You can also use .find_by_user_id(current_user.id) instead of .where(...).first

Best option:

• If you don’t use the Business object(s): Option 1
• If you need to use the Business object(s): Option 3

Alternative Answer:

In this case, you can use the exists? method provided by ActiveRecord:

2. How to ignore lines with comments?

There is a way to ignore cops on a per-line basis.

There is also a way to do it via the configuration file.

Run rubocop --auto-gen-config and it will generate a file that you can use to disable the offenses.

The command also gives a hint on what to do to load those options.

On a line per line basis, you can enable and disable the cops as well.

You can also do more than one rule at a time in your code.

By using an inline directive, the directive becomes valid only for that line, and it would look like this:

It’s possible to define regex patterns to automatically ignore certain lines in rubocop.yml , so you could choose to ignore all lines starting with a # character:

This could be improved so that “indented” comment lines (i.e. whitespace followed by a # character) is also ignored if that’s what you want.

Note that this doesn’t account for lines of code that end with a comment, though:

3. How to split Ruby regex over multiple lines?

You need to use the /x modifier, which enables free-spacing mode.

Like in this case:

Using %r with the x option is the preferred way to do this.

See this example from the GitHub ruby style guide

4. RuboCop: Line is too long ← How to Ignore?

You can disable a bunch of lines like this:

Or add this to your .rubocop.yml file to increase the max length:

Creating a .rubocop.yml file (keep an eye on the initial . in the filename) in the root of your project, you’ll have a bunch of options:

5. What is meant by ‘Assignment Branch Condition Size too high’ and how to fix it?

Assignment Branch Condition (ABC) size is a measurement of the size of a method. It is essentially determined by counting the number of A ssignments, B ranches, and C onditional statements.

To reduce the ABC score, you could move some of those assignments into before_action calls:

6. How to tell RuboCop to ignore a specific directory or file?

You can add the following to .rubocop.yml:

where the path is relative to .rubocop.yml

From rubocop/default.yml :

7. How to integrate RuboCop with Rake?

The simple answer is just adding this to your Rakefile:

As of version 0.10.0 RuboCop contains a custom rake task that you can use. Just put the following in your Rakefile

Make sure to use upper-case ‘R’ and ‘C’ or you will get a NameError.

8. How to silence RuboCop warning on Assignment Branch Condition?

This is the message for the Metrics/AbcSize cop.

# rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize

On your RuboCop config

9. How to disable frozen string literal comment checking?

Add the following to your .rubocop.yml :

10. How to pass &:key as an argument to map instead of a block with Ruby?

Pass &:key as an argument to map instead of a block.

11. How to fix "SublimeLinter-RuboCop not running even when enabled and RuboCop in the path"?

First, specify the right path for you ruby env in Packages/User/SublimeLinter.sublime-settings as this:

After that close sublime completely and reopen it.

In Conclusion

These are the most asked questions about the RuboCop. If you have any suggestions or any confusion, please comment below. If you need any help, we will be glad to help you.

We, at Truemark , provide services like web and mobile app development, digital marketing, and website development. So, if you need any help and want to work with us, please feel free to contact us.

Hope this article helped you.

Original Source: DevPostbyTruemark

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Red Green Repeat Adventures of a Spec Driven Junkie

Abc metric line-by-line and reducing by extraction.

In my previous article I introduced the Assignment Branch Condition metric, or ABC metric.

Let’s look at how ABC metric is calculated in detail on some code and by understanding the ABC calculation, on a line by line level, it can be used to quickly reduce the ABC score of a method by extraction.

Example from Specs

An example of ABC scoring from the specs , which is a great source of documentation, since there’s no question about how the ABC metric is calculated as this spec is used to develop the code.

The ABC score is:

Pretty straight forward in this example. Assignments are basically any = . Branches are a bit surprising since Hash.new is also a branch. Conditionals are straight-forward as well.

Calculating the ABC Score for My Code

Now, let’s use the ABC count and apply to some messier code. Recently, I have been working on Prim’s Minimum Spanning Tree . The main method to drive the algorithm is mst and the code is:

Rubocop scored this as a 22.02! Not so surprising since it’s a bit messy.

Line by Line calculation of ABC score

Let’s see how Rubocop calculated the ABC score of mst

Note: If you have ten minutes, try to calculate the ABC score of mst on your own before moving on in the article. It was definitely enlightening to see how many items I missed when calculating the ABC score myself!

Ok, this is how the ABC score of 22.02 was calculated, line by line:

Some surprises when I first calculated the ABC score:

• each object message (i.e. .keys , .values , .count , etc.) are another branch call
• += counts twice, once as an assignment, once again as a branch
• [source] is also a branch call (i.e. Array.new(source) )

Depending on the way methods are written, branches can be hidden but at the end: there’s no hiding from Rubocop!

With the breakdown of the ABC score, it’s pretty clear that Branches are the culprit for a high ABC score. Let’s see how the ABC score can be reduced using this knowledge.

Reducing ABC score of mst by Extraction

I want to reduce the ABC metric score down by extracting parts of code out from the mst method.

Remove puts

The easiest extraction that can be done is: remove puts . Each puts adds another branch call and there are four of those in mst . I used for debugging in development and can be removed without a change in functionality.

Removing four puts , reduces the ABC score from 22.02 to 18.47, a direct correlation between removing four points and ABC score decreasing by four points.

A slight improvement, and now the code looks like:

Targeting High scoring ABC Lines

mst ’s ABC score of 18 is an improvement over 22, but is there something that can be extracted to reduce the ABC score significantly?

Scanning over the scores, this line sticks out to me:

This is the highest score for a single line in this method. If this code can be extracted, the overall ABC score will probably drop by five points!

Looking at the block that encapsulates the line closer:

This block of code is just figuring out the cheapest weight to add to the graph and has an ABC score of 9.11 (a = 1, b = 9, c = 1), If this block can be extracted into it’s own method, it would reduce the whole method’s ABC score signficantly and maintain functionality.

Now, the ABC score for mst is reduced from 18.47 to: 12.08 and there is a new method: min_weight which has an ABC score of 8.06.

and the ABC score of min_weight is:

Although the mst method had nine points removed, it did not reduce its ABC score by nine points. Branches are no longer the highest scoring item in mst ’s ABC score. The highest component are now Assignments.

The result is now when Rubocop checks over these methods, there will not be a warning of:

Extracting high ABC scoring lines are an easy way to lower ABC scores.

In this example, I shifted the out a high scoring ABC block into its own method so the ABC score of its method would be reduced significantly.

As I understood how Rubocop was calculating the ABC score, I can reduce the ABC score of a method quickly, by targeting high ABC scoring lines.

Previously, it took a significant amount of effort reduce the ABC score of a method because I was really confused on where to target to reduce the ABC score.

Calculating the ABC score line by line is a great way to understand the ABC metric and also the code under examination.

Next time, I will show how ABC score can be reduced by using assignments.

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Assignment Branch Condition size

I am getting the mentioned error and I have tried changing my output part but I have to use the colorize library to print in console. I have also posted a question. Feel free to visit it. Any kind of suggestion would be appreciated. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72993717/metrics-abcsize-assignment-branch-condition-size-for-chart-wise-results-is-too

Function-level metrics

What things codebeat looks at and why we think they are important

For every supported language, codebeat can calculate a universal set of metrics we believe are directly related to software quality, extensibility and maintainability. Some of these metrics are immediately understandable and some may require further insights. In this article we're explaining how these are calculated and why we believe they are relevant to your code's overall health.

Assignment Branch Condition

Assignment Branch Condition size is a synthetic metric which helps us understand the size of the source code from a structural point of view, i.e. without looking at superficial things like the sheer amount of code. It is computed by counting the number of assignments, branches and conditions for a given section of code. These are - slightly counterintuitively - defined as:

• Assignment : an explicit transfer of data into a variable, e.g. = , *= , /= , %= , += , <<= , >>= , &= , |= , ^= , >>>= , ++ , -- etc.;
• Branch : an explicit forward program branch out of scope, e.g. a function call, class method call, or new operator etc.;
• Condition : a logical/Boolean test, e.g. == , != , <= , >= , < , > , else , case , default , try , catch , ? , unary conditionals etc.;

A scalar ABC size value (or aggregate magnitude ) is computed as:

While not intented as a code complexity measure, we can use ABC as an indicator of how much actual work a piece of code is performing. Good design would have developers prefer shorter procedures that are more readily understood, more reusable and more testable than their longer counterparts. Functions and methods with high ABC scores often indicate a lack of up-front design and a certain disregard of code testability and maintainability.

codebeat allows the ABC size to be up to to 10 with no penalty, 10-20 will trigger an INFO -level issue, 20-40 will trigger a WARNING , 40-60 - an ERROR and anything above that will lead to a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [10, 20, 40, 60] . This default is relaxed to [15, 25, 50, 70] for Objective-C which is a less terse language.

Cyclomatic complexity

The cyclomatic complexity of a section of source code is the number of linearly independent paths within it. For instance, if the source code contained no control flow statements (conditionals or decision points), such as if statements, the complexity would be 1, since there is only a single path through the code. If the code had one single-condition if statement, there would be two paths through the code: one where the if statement evaluates to true and another one where it evaluates to false , so complexity would be 2 for a single if statement with a single condition. Two nested single-condition if s, or one if with two conditions, would produce a cyclomatic complexity of 4.

Cyclomatic complexity is instrumental in figuring out how easy it is to test the code. A function with cyclomatic complexity of 2 will generally require 5 times fewer test cases than a function with a score of 10. High scores also indicate code that is difficult for humans to comprehend, as understanding a single statement will require the developer to keep a large stack of 'how I even got here' data in their short-term memory.

codebeat allows the cyclomatic complexity to be up to to 10 with no penalty, 10-20 will trigger an INFO -level issue, 20-35 will trigger a WARNING , 35-50 - an ERROR and anything above that will lead to a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [10, 20, 35, 50] .

Lines of code

Lines of code refers to non-commentary lines, meaning pure whitespace and lines containing only comments are not included in the metric. It is the most naive and rudimentary code size metric out there and so deserves less attention than more insightful metrics described above. Still, as Hal Abelson said 'Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute' and long functions look intimidating to readers.

Long functions that do a lot of work will often be penalized for both high Assignment Branch Condition size and too many lines of code. However, there may be cases where an increased number of lines of code increases readability and maintainability. Take this function as an example:

All it really does is call a single method of an external API which takes a large number of arguments. While we could put all these arguments in a single line, it would make the function harder to understand, especially if we wanted to switch one of the boolean values that it takes. If this function was flagged for a number of lines of code, it would be wise to simply ignore the warning.

As an aside, the necessity for this function to be that long comes from the fact that the external library it is using has rather poor API design where a single method call requires seven (!) arguments.

codebeat allows the number of lines of code per function to be up to to 24 with no penalty, 25-39 will trigger an INFO -level issue, 40-60 will trigger a WARNING , 60-80 - an ERROR and anything above that will lead to a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [25, 40, 60, 80] . This default is much more strict ( [10, 20, 40, 80] ) in Ruby where short functions are a strong community standard. On the other hand, Java is a much more verbose language and the default is more lenient at [30, 45, 70, 100] .

Arity represents a number of arguments that a function takes. Functions with longer lists of parameters are more difficult to use and more cumbersome to test. The example above shows a function with two string arguments, four boolean arguments and an extra free-form argument amqpArguments .

We've already seen that using an API like this has a bad impact on the quality of callers but arguments can also be interpreted as control flow - the more parameters there are the more paths a function can take. This is not captured in cyclomatic complexity but the same reasoning applies, particularly in terms of testability: exhaustively testing the impact of just the four boolean parameters in the function above would require us to have 16 test cases (2 ** 4). Add to that the combined impact of other parameters and you have a monster test suite for just a single function.

codebeat allows 3 or fewer parameters with no penalty, 4 will trigger an INFO -level issue, 5 will trigger a WARNING , 6 - an ERROR and anything above that will lead to a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [4, 5, 6, 7] . This default is more relaxed ( [5, 6, 7, 8] ) for Python where instance methods need the receiver (usually called self ) to be passed as their first argument.

Number of return values (Go only)

Go is special in that it allows a single function to return multiple values. This is often used to pass errors in addition to regular return values in absence of more traditional exception handling. However, this clever pattern can be abused by functions returning long lists of values that are hard to understand and hard for the callers to handle. Take this function as an example:

Calling this is a nightmare. If you only need to retrieve one or two of these return values you will need to explicitly ignore the others in which case you'd be calling this function like so:

Without consulting the API for the YoloSwag function, the reader has no chance of figuring out whether the function captures the right thing and what exactly is being ignored. On the other hand, if the caller decides to capture everything, they will now have to use the captured variables somehow, lest the compiler complains about unused variables. So, with a bad API like that, the caller is left choosing between two equally bad alternatives.

codebeat allows 3 or fewer return values with no penalty, 4 will trigger an INFO -level issue, 5 will trigger a WARNING , 6 - an ERROR and anything above that will lead to a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [4, 5, 6, 7] .

Maximum block nesting

Maximum block nesting calculates how deeply nested the deepest statement in a single function is. If you're using consistent indentation, you can visualize this as the most right-indented line of the function's body. Deep nesting shows a complicated design with too much control flow (in case of if/else nesting), computational complexity (in case of nested for loops) or a combination of both.

We follow Linus Torvalds' advice that '... if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program.' Hence, 3 levels of nesting will carry an INFO level issue, 4 - a WARNING level issue, 5 - an ERROR and 6 and more will trigger a CRITICAL issue. The default setting is thus [3, 4, 5, 6] .

Code duplication

The DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle states that every piece of knowledge must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative representation within a system . Our analyzers can detect code duplication through the analysis of code structure, both within and between source files. We can also find very similar code which we treat the same as straight copy-paste jobs.

Duplication (inadvertent or purposeful) points to wasted effort, poor design mindset, inability to see and factor out the patterns within the codebase and a general disregard for good coding practices. It can and will lead to maintenance nightmares whereby changes to duplicated code need to be copied over to all of its instances and missing a single instance may be a source of a serious bug.

We consider code duplication an even more serious issue than the ones described above and codebeat will penalize it more heavily than any of those per-function violations.

This setting is not customizable and each language has a different set of defaults based on the look of its' parse tree. If you feel strongly about this please let us know at [email protected] and we can talk it through and try to find a way to meet your needs.

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Fix "Rubocop/Metrics/AbcSize" issue in app/models/conversation.rb #62

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ABC size too high, even when there are no branches, assignments, or conditionals

I am confused here about what RuboCop is complaining about.

"Assignment Branch Condition size for draw is too high. [29/15]"

for the method below:

Because there are no assignments, branches, nor conditionals here!

What am I missing? And what is so bad about this function anyway? It would seem silly to have to change it, and I am not clear on what "benefit" it would bring. Please clarify!

• I don't fully understand how ABC (assignment/branch/condition) works but you can see from the wikipedia page that functions calls are generally treated as branches. here is the rubocop source for determining this score, and here are the rubocop defaults (the default max ABC score is 15). –  max pleaner Commented Apr 1, 2017 at 22:14

The formula RuboCop uses to calculate the ABC size is:

A message send (a.k.a. method call) is considered one "branch" in RuboCop. Since, as you pointed out, there are no assignments or conditions in this case, the ABC size for this method is given by sqrt(branches^2) or, simply, branches .

We can check that this is correct by counting the message sends in the method:

• 1 x #setForeground
• 4 x #fillArc

for a grand total of 29 , which is the ABC size we expected.

And what is so bad about this function anyway? It would seem silly to have to change it, and I am not clear on what "benefit" it would bring.

Don't make the mistake of thinking RuboCop is omnipotent. It neither reads nor understands code. It doesn't have a notion of "better" code. It applies some (rather primitive) heuristics that gives us a proxy measure of "quality." It is up to us to interpret that and decide what action to take.

A common case where RuboCop struggles is declarative DSLs. In those cases, it's usually best to disable the cops that break down. RuboCop offers different levels of granularity to do this. You can do it inline, using rubocop:disable CopName (remember to enable it again), on a file or directory basis in .rubocop.yml , or for the entire project in the same file.

• Thank you for your answer. I'm working on a project where Rubocop has been made part of the build process. That is to say, it will fail the build if Rubocop isn't happy. I may be disabling Rubocop quite a bit just to get work done! Thanks again. –  Lord Alveric Commented Apr 2, 2017 at 6:31
• 1 @flajann: You're welcome! You can find more information on the different configuration options here: rubocop.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration –  Drenmi Commented Apr 2, 2017 at 8:49
• 1 You make me understand this as I couldn't ever before. Thank you so much! –  dani24 Commented Jun 12, 2019 at 20:27

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RuboCopでこんなエラーが出た。Assignment Branch Condition size for search is too high.

コミットをする前にこんなエラーが出た。 調べてみると、なげーよ、幅取りすぎだろみたいなエラーらしい。

RuboCopとは。簡単に

RuboCopのGithub https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/tree/v0.28.0

このRubCopはコードを検査してくれるものらしくて、コードが長いとか、インデントが変だとかいろんなことを教えてくれる。勝手に直してくれる（不自然なインデントを修正）ときもあれば、警告文だけだして、自分でどうにかしてくれみたいな時もある。ただ、このRuboCopからの指摘も全てが正しい訳ではないっぽい。

　今回のエラーに関して

最初に述べたように、なげーよ的な意味らしい。

実際に指摘を受けたコード

自分でも書いていて、長いなと思った。縦に長い。ただ、今の知識ではどうやってコードをより簡潔なものにすればいいか思いつかなかった。だれか教えてください。

それで結局どうしたか・・・

.rubocop.yml RuboCopの設定を変更した。 エラー文を見てみると、、、、

[<10, 21, 5> 23.79/20] この部分が、点数を表しているっぽい。これでみると、これだと『MAXスコアが20なのにお前のは23.79だよ』ってことらしく、これをどうにかするしかないと思った。

それで、.rubocop.yml内にある設定を変更した。

どう変更したかというと、、、

このMaxの部分を 25に設定を変更した。そしてコミットすると、RubCopからの指摘を受けずにすんだ。

設定変えられるのかー程度に、この記事では感じていただければ、幸いです。

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ActiveRecord selection, modified by optional parameters

I have an action method in my Rails controller which filters an ActiveRecord model depending on the submitted GET parameters. Rubocop complains that Assignment Branch Condition Size is too high: 20.62/15 .

Is there a way to improve the following code?

• ruby-on-rails
• active-record

Some notes:

That's too much code for a controller method, it should be moved to the model.

The same name ( @measurements ) holds up to 4 different values. As a general rule, avoid variable rebinding: different values, different names.

More about how the filtering method could be written keeping it DRY: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4480285/188031

For example:

And in the controller simply:

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