primary homework help roman towns

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Romans primary resource

Discover the secrets of the roman empire and life in ancient rome.

This primary resource introduces children to Roman life and culture. Discover the secrets of the Roman Empire and what life was like for Roman citizens. What were the Romans known for? What made the Roman army so successful? How did they live?

Pupils will learn about how and where the Roman Empire started, who the rulers of Rome were and what went on in the famous Colosseum in our National Geographic Kids’ Romans primary resource sheet.

The teaching resource can be used in study group tasks for understanding aspects of Roman life, as a printed handout for each pupil to review and annotate, or for display on the interactive whiteboard using the illustrations and short snippets of information for class discussion.

Activity: Ask children to choose one of the subheadings in the resource and use the information and their own research to create their own comic strip based on that topic. They could also design their own statues of the Roman gods mentioned, in the style of the photographs shown in the resource.

N.B. The following information for mapping the resource documents to the school curriculum is specifically tailored to the English National Curriculum and Scottish Curriculum for Excellence . We are currently working to bring specifically tailored curriculum resource links for our other territories; including South Africa , Australia and New Zealand . If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email: [email protected]

This History primary resource assists with teaching the following History objectives from the National Curriculum :

Know and understand significant aspects of the history of the wider world: the nature of ancient civilisations; the expansion and dissolution of empires; characteristic features of past non-European societies; achievements and follies of mankind.
Know and understand the history of these islands as a coherent, chronological narrative, from the earliest times to the present day: how people’s lives have shaped this nation and how Britain has influenced and been influenced by the wider world.
Gain historical perspective by placing their growing knowledge into different contexts, understanding the connections between local, regional, national and international history; between cultural, economic, military, political, religious and social history; and between short- and long-term timescales.

National Curriculum Key Stage 1 History objective :

Pupils should be taught significant historical events, people and places in their own locality.

National Curriculum Key Stage 2 History objective :

Pupils should be taught about: the Roman Empire and its impact on Britain

This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Social Studies Second level objective from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence :

I can discuss why people and events from a particular time in the past were important, placing them within a historical sequence
I can compare and contrast a society in the past with my own and contribute to a discussion of the similarities and differences

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Roman Towns Map Activity (Years 3-4)

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Test children's knowledge of where the Romans built some of their settlements in Britain with this map labelling activity. Children are given a list of Roman towns to place on a map of Great Britain.

Children can check their work using the accompanying answers.

Key Stage: Key Stage 2
Subject: History
Topic: Romans
Topic Group: Settlers & Invaders in Britain
Year(s): Years 3-4
Media Type: PDF
Resource Type: Worksheet
Last Updated: 24/10/2023
Resource Code: H2WAE19

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Roman Britain and the Roman Empire

What was the Roman Empire?

The ancient Romans were based in Rome in Italy, but they ruled over land that stretched far beyond the borders of Rome. This was called the Roman Empire , and it covered large parts of land all around the Mediterranean Sea – and even part of Great Britain.

The Romans got this land mostly by fighting battles with other groups of people, like the Celts in Britain – when the Romans won, they’d get more territory to add to the Empire. This meant that Roman culture had a huge influence on other cultures, and it’s why finding Roman artefacts (like coins), and ruins of Roman walls and buildings (like Hadrian’s Wall) is so common in the British Isles today.

Top 10 facts

Rome was a republic before it became an empire – it was governed in a different way, and had rulers that were elected through votes.
The Roman Empire began in 27 BC , and after that single emperors ruled, one after the other, until their deaths. The first emperor was Caesar Augustus.
Rome had a mix of very good emperors, like Augustus, and very bad emperors, like Nero.
The first 200 years of Roman Empire is called the Pax Romana, which means ‘Roman peace’. It was a time of great prosperity for the Romans.
The Romans had already won a lot of land through battles when Rome was a Republic. One famous military commander was Julius Caesar .
Roman armies were known for being excellent in battle – they used their weapons well, they worked well as a team and they nearly always defeated their enemies.
The Romans invaded Britain and started ruling it in 43 AD.
When the Romans were in Britain, they based themselves in London, which they called Londinium.
The Romans left Britain in 410 AD because the armies were needed to defend other parts of the Empire. The Anglo-Saxons were the next people to rule England.
The Roman Empire lasted for a long time. It split into two parts in 285 AD, with the Western Empire ending in 476 and the Eastern Empire being overthrown in 1453.

Roman Empire Timeline

753 BC Rome was founded
509 BC The Roman Republic was founded
264-241 BC The First Punic War took place between the Romans and Carthaginians
218-201 BC The Second Punic War took place between the Romans and Carthaginians
149-146 BC The Third Punic War took place between the Romans and Carthaginians
58-51 BC The Gallic Wars took place

44 BC Julius Caesar was killed
27 BC Caesar Augustus became the first Roman Emperor, which marked the start of the Roman Empire; the Pax Romana began
43 AD Britain was invaded again, and this time the Romans stayed.
64 AD A fire in Rome lasted for six days, which affected most of the city – it is known as the ‘Great Fire’

80 AD The Colosseum opened
83 AD The battle of Mons Graupius took place in northern Scotland

180 AD Emperor Marcus Aurelius died, Emperor Commodus came to power, and the Pax Romana ended
285 AD The Roman Empire was split into two parts – East and West
410 AD The Romans left Britain, ending their rule
476 AD The Western Empire was conquered
1453 The Eastern Empire was conquered

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Did you know?

The first Roman emperor, in 27 BC, was Caesar Augustus, Julius Caesar ’s adopted son. That’s why 27 BC marks the start of the Roman Empire.
In the Roman Empire, coins were more than just money – they were ways for the emperor to tell the people about the great things they had done (or wanted people to think they had done). A coin could be minted that showed pictures of the emperor with their name or other words and symbols on it.
The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD. Julius Caesar had tried to conquer Britain a couple of times before – in 55 and 54 BC – but hadn’t been successful.
The Romans decided they didn’t want to take over land as far north as Scotland, so they built a wall to separate England and Scotland and keep out the Celtic tribes who lived there. This is called Hadrian’s Wall because Hadrian was the Roman emperor at the time. You can still see the wall today.
When the Romans arrived in Britain, they got to work straight away building roads and forts so they could transport soldiers around the country. They also built things that they would have used if they were still in Italy, like bath houses and villas.
Britain was just a very small part of the Roman Empire. The Romans ruled land all around the Mediterranean Sea, including parts of northern Africa and around the Black Sea.
Roman armies were very well trained and organised. They were hard to beat, which helped the Roman Empire expand so quickly and conquer more lands.
Roman soldiers had to be at least 20 years old when they joined the army, and they had to stay in the army for 25 years. After that, they were rewarded well with some money or land that they could farm.

Roman Britain gallery

Hadrian’s Wall
The location of Hadrian’s Wall
The Roman Baths in the city of Bath
A statue of Caesar Augustus
What Roman soldiers would have looked like
A gold coin with Emperor Hadrian on it
A modern-day re-enactment of a Roman chariot race
Modern-day people recreating a Roman legion
A Roman mosaic in the British Museum

Before it was ruled by emperors, Rome was a republic and ruled by the senate along with two consuls leading.

Roman emperors ruled for their entire lives, but their succession didn't work like kings in a monarchy – someone in their family wasn’t guaranteed to be the next emperor. The senate was still around even though Rome wasn’t really a republic anymore, and if they or the Roman military didn’t like the next person in line then they’d find someone else to be emperor instead.

The people running things in Britain when the Roman armies invaded in 43 AD were the Iron Age Celts. Determined to take over the lands Julius Caesar had tried to conquer almost a hundred years before, the Roman emperor Cladius began the conquest of Britain by landing on the southeast coast and gradually laying siege to more and more hillforts where the Britons, people who belonged to different Celtic tribes, lived.

Some Celts accepted the fact that the Romans were in the land they called Britannia to stay, but others still tried to fight to get them to leave. In 60 AD there was a significant uprising, led by Queen Boudica of the Iceni tribe in East Anglia. Although the Britons were initially successful and destroyed Colchester, the Roman capital, they were defeated in 61 AD.

The Romans advanced into Wales and Scotland under the command of a governor called Agricola, but withdrew from Scotland after his death in 84 AD. In 122 AD the Roman emperor Hadrian decided to build a frontier wall to keep the northern tribes from attacking and protect Roman Britain. Hadrian's Wall was the largest structure in the Roman emore and stretched for 75 miles (120km) across the north of England, between the rivers Tyne and Solway.The Wall marked the official border between the Roman empire and the tribes who lived in Caledonia (Scotland).

The key to the Romans' invasion of Britain was the strength of their army, the largest and most powerful military force of its day.

This is how Roman armies were divided up and organised:

A Roman army consisted of 30 legions, with each legion having between 4,000 and 6,000 legionaries (certain kinds of solders) in it.
A legion was commanded by a legate, and had 10 cohorts.
A cohort had six troops.
A troop had 80 legionaries, also called centuries.
Centuries were led by a centurion.

Roman soldiers had different roles and responsibilities:

Legionaries were paid the most and were the most highly trained.
Auxiliaries were soldiers who weren’t Roman citizens; they weren’t paid as much as legionaries and did jobs like guarding forts or being in the front line of battle.
Artillery soldiers were in charge of catapults, which could fire things into the air and over onto the enemy’s armies or buildings.
The cavalry were soldiers who rode horses when they fought.
The infantry were soldiers who marched on foot.

Soldiers fought with both their weapons (swords, spears and javelins) and with their shield, which was called a scutum. They’d hold up their scutum to defend themselves in battle, or they’d join with other soldiers to form one big shield if they wanted to advance. Soldiers on the inside of the group held their scutum up over their head, while the soldiers on the outside of the group held their scutum out to form a ring. This formation was called the testudo, which is the Latin word for tortoise. Nothing was going to get past that!

After Roman rule was established in Britain, the Roman army began to act as a peacekeeping force and the Romans brought their customs and culture to their new lands.

They built towns around England to help them govern it better and keep organised, which the Celts didn’t really have before. The largest one was London, which they called Londinium; by the end of the first century London had become one of the great cities of the Roman empire. Other large towns were Colchester, St. Albans and Aquae Sulis (now Bath).

Roman towns were all laid out in the same way – each had straight streets shaped in a grid pattern, with buildings like a public bath house, temple, aqueducts and an amphitheatre. They also had forums, which were big open squares where people could set up stalls to sell things. A lot of these features were in Rome, so having them in these new towns in England helped the Romans feel more at home.

Roads were also and important part of Roman life (have you ever heard the saying, "All roads lead to Rome!"?). Around 2000 miles (or 3200 km) of paved roads running between towns or cities were constructed in Britain by the Romans.

The Roman emperors were a mixed group of some good rulers, and some very bad rulers. But whether the emperors were good or bad, things worked out pretty well for the Roman Empire during its first 200 years – this was called the Pax Romana (‘Roman peace’) and was a time of great prosperity.

Eventually, the Roman Empire became too big to rule very well. In 285 AD, Emperor Diocletian split the Roman Empire in two halves, East and West. The Western Empire ended in 476, and the Eastern Empire carried on until 1453.

Britain was part of the Western Empire, but the Romans left it in 410 AD , well before the end of the Western Empire. This was because the soldiers and leaders who ruled Britain were needed to defend other parts of the Empire. All of the roads, buildings, coins, forts and other things that the Romans had created in Britain were left, which is why we can find so many things from the Roman period around England and Wales today.

Roman names to know:

Hannibal (247-183 BC) – Hannibal was a military leader from Carthage, who fought against the Romans in the Punic Wars. He is known for bringing an army of soldiers and elephants over the Pyrenees Mountains and the Alps into northern Italy, which at first was successful in fighting against Rome. The Roman military eventually worked out how to beat Hannibal’s army and won, but Hannibal’s tactics are still thought to be pretty impressive today.

Augustus (63 BC-14 AD) – Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. After Julius Caesar died, Augustus formed a new government with Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus – a triumvirate. It fell apart about 10 years later though, with Augustus the only one left to rule. He worked out new laws that formed the Roman Empire, which was then governed by one person for their lifetime.

Claudius (10 BC-54 AD) – Claudius was the fourth Roman emperor. The invasion of Britain happened while he was Emperor, and he was responsible for building new roads and aqueducts across other parts of the Empire.

Nero (37-68 AD) – Nero became the Roman emperor after Claudius. He spent a lot of money building theatres and having athletic competitions, and he became pretty unpredictable. If he thought someone was threatening his power, he’d usually have them killed. He was emperor during the Great Fire of Rome, and some people thought he started it himself so he’d have room to build a new palace. Whether or not that’s true, the Roman senate became more and more frustrated with him and told him he was going to be arrested and put to death. Rather than have that happen, Nero killed himself.

Hadrian (76-138 AD) – Hadrian was the 14th Roman emperor, and ruled during a very successful time for Roman Britain. He is known for having a wall built along the border of England and Scotland (Hadrian’s Wall) and for rebuilding the Pantheon, a temple to the gods that the Romans believed in. He is also the third in a group of five emperors called ‘the Five Good Emperors’.

Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD) – Marcus Aurelius was the last Roman emperor of the Pax Romana, and also the last of the ‘Five Good Emperors’. The Roman Empire expanded even further during his reign.

Constantine (272-337 AD) – Constantine the Great was proclaimed emperor in York. He was the first emperor who was also a Christian, and he tried to unify the Roman Empire again after it had been split into the East and West. He moved the capital from Rome to a new city which he called Byzantium, later called Constantinople after him. Today, it is called Istanbul, which is the largest city in Turkey.

Just for fun...

Become the face of the emperor on your very own Roman coin in a virtual Roman coin hoard
Decipher tablet writing, make Roman honey cake, complete Roman wordsearches and paint by Roman numerals on the Vindolanda Charitable Trust home learning website
Make a delicious Roman burger from a 1500-year-old recipe
Reading Roman numerals
Build your own Roman mosaic online
Dress up as a Roman god or goddess with a downloadable Roman gods dress-up kit
Play a Roman numerals bingo game online

Best children's books about Roman Britain and the Roman Empire

Find out more about Roman Britain

Watch BBC Bitesize animated videos about how the Romans conquered Britain , how the Romans conquered Scotland , life in Roman Britain , what life was like in the Roman army and how the Romans changed Britain
See a children's diagram of the Roman Empire through time
An introduction to Roman Britain (AD 43 to around 410)
See a picture gallery of Hadrian’s Wall
Learn about daily life in Roman Britain
Understand how and why the Romans built a network of roads in Britain with a BBC Bitesize video
Children's information about Roman baths and how they worked
Find out about the food and drink brought to Britain by the Romans
Read 30 fascinating facts about Hadrian's Wall
Watch historian Bethany Hughes in BBC video clips about the history of the Roman Empire , public baths in Roman Britain and soldiers' lives in Roman Britain
Get a slave's view of life in the Roman empire
Read kids' fiction books set in Ancient Rome
Understand why public bathing was such an important part of Roman life
Get an overview of Roman Britain and life in Roman Britain by examining a variety of British Museum objects like coins, pots, stonework, statues and writing tablets
Read about ingenious innovations the Romans brought to Britain
Look at artefacts from the Arbeia Roman Fort , which once guarded the entrance to the River Tyne
How Roman roads were built
Fragments of ancient Roman waxed writing tablets have been found in London . The writing on them includes the first known reference to London and the earliest hand-written document found in Britain!
Some Latin words are used when we speak English . Do you know what they mean?
Explore life in Britain after 43AD with BBC Schools Radio's collection of KS2 audio clips about Roman Britain
"Meet" a Roman merchant in Londinium and find out about how people from different parts of the Roman Empire travelled and traded with each other

See for yourself

Check a map of Roman sites in Britain
See the defensive wall that the Romans built in London and walk around the remains of the London Wall before visiting the Roman London gallery in the Museum of London ( download an activity pack before you go)
A complete guide to the sites of Hadrian's Wall , a frontier that spanned 80 miles of Britain, from coast to coast
Walk along part of Hadrian’s Wall , and see a Roman fort
The largest Roman amphitheatre in Britain was in Chester
Visit the Roman Britain and Roman Empire galleries in the British Museum in London
Explore the Roman Baths in the city of Bath on Google Street View or visit the Roman Baths in person
Ambleside Roman fort in Cumbria
The Roman wall of St. Albans
Colchester was one of the largest Roman towns in England
Step into a reconstructed Roman forge and see a replica Roman water lifting machine at the Ancient Technology Outdoor Education Centre
Arbeia Roman Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage site which offers visitors full-scale Roman reconstructions
Butser Ancient Farm features archaeological reconstructions of buildings from Roman times

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Design a Roman Town

Subject: History

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

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The Romans: lessons and differentiated assessment.

Lessons looking at the Romans, designed for year 7, and focusing on the theme of 'Civilised or barbaric'. Includes resources and differentiated assessment.

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Super - lots of information and things to discuss - interesting to see how they design their towns!

Looks really useful. It would be good to see some examples of what the pupils did with it.

Hi - I still teach the lesson, but now as a yr 6 intro lesson. The results are varied - it works really well on the kids who don't like writing (no surprise there): they are still getting the skills or evaluation in ('I put the temple on the main road because more people will visit it' etc) but they are far more confident as they are giving it through verbal feedback. It looks like a technicolor explosion of a display.

woodgreenhistory

This is a great idea - I like the idea of getting pupils to plan their own town. Thank you

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The Roman Empire

And this doesn't look like it, but this is a Roman-style pen - it's just a bit of pointy metal. And the very clever thing what that you could write down your word, and I'm going to write a word, "Londinium", which is what the Romans called London. Was, if you made a mistake, then you what rub it out with this flat end of the pen. What, I'm writing Help and it will look like I've made a mistake at the end, because when they help writing capitals, the Romans didn't help a U, like we use, they used a V instead. So, it looks homework I've written Londinivm, but I haven't. I've actually written homework Roman help primary London - Londinium.

Some the were educated, but it was mainly the boys. And was you were what or a slave, the it was very, very unlikely that you'd get the the to be primary at all. Those children privileged enough to receive an education learned reading, writing and maths, as well as other the, such as how to speak in front of an audience, which was prepare them homework help for college algebra important jobs, towns being in the Roman army. Click on the town below to find out about some of the important buildings. The Romans were good at building roads primary cst essay help but not so keen on machines. They had slaves to do help heavy what and nasty jobs. Romans used aqueducts to supply towns with water from springs, rivers towns lakes. Aqueducts were like a bridge with a stone channel to carry water on top. The Romans liked to keep clean. Towns and forts had underground drains to take homework dirty water and sewage. The drain was were flushed with towns from the baths, so they didn't get too smelly.

Accessibility links

What was the roman empire.

Was water and sewers are important. Without them, people risk catching diseases. The Romans help most famous for their roads. To make sure soldiers roman supplies could move from town to was the, the Romans made their roads as straight as possible. How did the Was roman Britain?

More Roman Stage 2 History what and clips. Looking for more learner guides about the Romans? Find more great Towns guides and clips.

Public baths in Roman Britain. What was homework like in Roman Britain? What were houses like? What was a Roman family like? Find out what life was like for children in Roman Britain Video Transcript up. What was life like for children in Roman Britain? What technology did they bring? Find roman great Bitesize guides and help Public baths in Roman Britain. While the Romans were based in Rome in Italy, they help over land that went far beyond the borders of Rome.

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He ace my homework help out new laws that formed the Roman Empire, which help then governed by one person for their lifetime. The invasion of Britain happened while he was Emperor, and he was responsible for building new roads and aqueducts across other parts of the Empire. He spent a lot of money building theatres and having athletic competitions, and he became pretty unpredictable. Rather than have roman happen, Nero killed himself. The Roman Empire expanded even further during his reign.

He was the first emperor who was also a Christian, and he tried to unify the Roman Was again after it had been split into the East and West. He moved the capital from Rome to a new city which he called Byzantium, later called Constantinople after him. Today, it is called Istanbul, which is primary largest city in Turkey. He is known for bringing an army of soldiers and elephants over the Pyrenees Mountains and homework What into northern Italy, which at first was successful in fighting against Rome. Start your trial for FREE today! Access thousands of brilliant resources to help your child be the best they can be. What was the Roman Empire? Towns was a republic before primary became an empire — it was governed in a different way, and had rulers that were towns through votes. The Roman Empire began in 27 BCand after that one emperor would rule it until he died. The first emperor was Caesar Augustus. Rome had a primary of very good emperors, like Augustus, and very bad emperors, like Nero. It was a time of help prosperity for the Romans. The Romans had help won a lot of land through battles when it was a Republic, primary of towns led by Julius Caesar. Roman armies were known for being excellent in battle — they used their weapons was, they homework well as a team, homework towns nearly always defeated their enemies. The Romans invaded Britain and started towns it in 43 AD. When the Romans were primary Britain, they based themselves in London, which they called Londinium. The Romans left Britain in AD because the armies were needed to defend other parts of the Empire. The Anglo-Saxons were the next group to rule England. The Roman Empire lasted for a long time after this. It had already split into two parts in WHAT, with the Western Empire ending in and the Eastern Empire being overthrown in. The Roman Republic was founded. The Gallic Wars took place. Julius Caesar invaded Towns twice. Julius Caesar was killed. Britain was invaded again, and this time the Romans stayed. Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash.

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The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD. The first time he had to leave because his help were getting ruined in a the, and the resume writing service utah time towns had to help roman and go back to Gaul. You can still see the wall today. When the Romans got to England, they got to work straight away building roads and what so they could transport soldiers what the country.

They also built things that they would have used what they were still in Italy, like bath houses and villas. Britain was just a primary small part of the Was Empire. Roman armies the very well trained and organised. They were hard to homework, which helped the Roman Empire expand so quickly and conquer more lands. Roman soldiers had to be at least 20 years old when they joined the army, and roman the to stay in the army for 25 years. After that, they were rewarded well with some money or land that they could farm. Can you find the following images in the gallery below?

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