assignment 1 calculator grades project stem

Grade Calculator

Use this calculator to find out the grade of a course based on weighted averages. This calculator accepts both numerical as well as letter grades. It also can calculate the grade needed for the remaining assignments in order to get a desired grade for an ongoing course.

Final Grade Calculator

Use this calculator to find out the grade needed on the final exam in order to get a desired grade in a course. It accepts letter grades, percentage grades, and other numerical inputs.

Related GPA Calculator

The calculators above use the following letter grades and their typical corresponding numerical equivalents based on grade points.

Brief history of different grading systems

In 1785, students at Yale were ranked based on "optimi" being the highest rank, followed by second optimi, inferiore (lower), and pejores (worse). At William and Mary, students were ranked as either No. 1, or No. 2, where No. 1 represented students that were first in their class, while No. 2 represented those who were "orderly, correct and attentive." Meanwhile at Harvard, students were graded based on a numerical system from 1-200 (except for math and philosophy where 1-100 was used). Later, shortly after 1883, Harvard used a system of "Classes" where students were either Class I, II, III, IV, or V, with V representing a failing grade. All of these examples show the subjective, arbitrary, and inconsistent nature with which different institutions graded their students, demonstrating the need for a more standardized, albeit equally arbitrary grading system.

In 1887, Mount Holyoke College became the first college to use letter grades similar to those commonly used today. The college used a grading scale with the letters A, B, C, D, and E, where E represented a failing grade. This grading system however, was far stricter than those commonly used today, with a failing grade being defined as anything below 75%. The college later re-defined their grading system, adding the letter F for a failing grade (still below 75%). This system of using a letter grading scale became increasingly popular within colleges and high schools, eventually leading to the letter grading systems typically used today. However, there is still significant variation regarding what may constitute an A, or whether a system uses plusses or minuses (i.e. A+ or B-), among other differences.

An alternative to the letter grading system

Letter grades provide an easy means to generalize a student's performance. They can be more effective than qualitative evaluations in situations where "right" or "wrong" answers can be easily quantified, such as an algebra exam, but alone may not provide a student with enough feedback in regards to an assessment like a written paper (which is much more subjective).

Although a written analysis of each individual student's work may be a more effective form of feedback, there exists the argument that students and parents are unlikely to read the feedback, and that teachers do not have the time to write such an analysis. There is precedence for this type of evaluation system however, in Saint Ann's School in New York City, an arts-oriented private school that does not have a letter grading system. Instead, teachers write anecdotal reports for each student. This method of evaluation focuses on promoting learning and improvement, rather than the pursuit of a certain letter grade in a course. For better or for worse however, these types of programs constitute a minority in the United States, and though the experience may be better for the student, most institutions still use a fairly standard letter grading system that students will have to adjust to. The time investment that this type of evaluation method requires of teachers/professors is likely not viable on university campuses with hundreds of students per course. As such, although there are other high schools such as Sanborn High School that approach grading in a more qualitative way, it remains to be seen whether such grading methods can be scalable. Until then, more generalized forms of grading like the letter grading system are unlikely to be entirely replaced. However, many educators already try to create an environment that limits the role that grades play in motivating students. One could argue that a combination of these two systems would likely be the most realistic, and effective way to provide a more standardized evaluation of students, while promoting learning.

Grade Calculator

• Grade calculator
• Final grade calculator
• GPA calculator

Understanding how to calculate your current grade in a course is advantageous for planning what you need to achieve your goal’s overall course grade. The following Grade Calculator serves as an easy-to-use helpful tool to calculate your current grade of the course before the final examination.  

What is a Grade Calculator?  

A Grade Calculator is a free online tool designed to help students and educators determine academic grades based on entered scores and weights. It simplifies the process of calculating current grades, helping users navigate their academic journeys.   

The Grade Calculator helps students estimate the impact of each assignment on their course’s weighted average grade. That means the overall grade of a course depends on 2 main factors: the grade of each assignment (g) and the corresponding weight of each assignment (w).  

A Grade calculator helps you find your current average score in a course based on completed assignments up to the current point in the semester. The Final grade calculator then calculates the score you need to achieve in your remaining assignment (the final exam) to reach your desired grade of the course

How to Use a Grade Calculator?  

Using a Grade Calculator is a straightforward process that involves entering relevant information about your academic performance. To utilize this calculator, input your current percentage for each assignment, test, or exam, along with its respective weight towards your final grade. For each additional assignment, test, or exam, click on "Add Assignment." Your results will automatically update as you input each component , allowing you to track your progress throughout the course.  

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to use a Grade Calculator:  

Step 1: Input the Assignments.  

Users manually enter the name of each assignment, for example: Assignment 1, 2, 3, Homework, Final Exam, etc.  

Step 2: Input the grade.  

Enter their scores for each assignment, test, project, or other exam throughout the course. Each entry typically includes the earned percentage (10%, 30%, 50%, etc.), letter (A+, B-, D, etc.), or points (20, 50, 175, etc.).  

Step 3: Input the weight.  

Enter the weight of that assignment into the overall course grade. The weight indicates that different assignments may have varying impacts on the final grade. A final exam might have a higher weight than a small task.  

Step 4: Calculate the grade automatically.  

The tool then automatically calculates the cumulative grade based on the entered grades and weights. Users can see their current grade as well as how each assignment contributes to the overall grade.  

Step 5: Adjust as needed.  

Users can adjust grades or weights to see how changes impact the overall course performance. This dynamic feature allows for real-time exploration of different scenarios, helping users make informed decisions about their academic strategy and goal achievement.  

Weighted Grade Calculation: Formula and Example  

The calculation of a weighted grade involves summing the products of the weights (w) and the corresponding grades (g).  

Weighted Grade = (w₁ × g₁ + w₂ × g₂ + w₃ × g₃ + …) / (g₁ + g₂ + g₃ +...)  

Example 1: Grade type: Percentage  

Determine the weighted grade of a course, in which:  

• Assignment with a grade (percentage) of 80 and a weight of 30.  
• Homework with a grade (percentage) of 90 and a weight of 20.  
• Final exam with a grade (percentage) of 72 and a weight of 50.  

The weighted average grade is determined by the formula:  

Weighted Grade = (w₁ × g₁ + w₂ × g₂ + w₃ × g₃ + …) / (w₁ + w₂ + w₃+...)  

Substituting the values:  

Weighted Grade = (30 × 80 + 20 × 90 + 50 × 72) / (30 + 20 + 50) = 78  

Example 2: Grade type: Letter  

• Assignment 1 with a grade (letter) of A+ and a weight of 20.  
• Assignment 2 with a grade (letter) of B and a weight of 20.  
• Final exam with a grade (letter) of C- and a weight of 60.  

The weighted average grade of the course is calculated by the formula:

Weighted Grade = (w₁ × g₁ + w₂ × g₂ + w₃ × g₃ + …) / (w₁ + w₂ + w₃ +...)  

Weighted Grade = (20 × 4.33 + 20 × 3.00 + 60 × 1.67) / (20 + 20 + 60) = 2.64   

The table below shows how your letter grades convert to a numeric grade (4.0 scale) and percentage grade (% scale):  

Example 3: Grade type: Point  

Consider the following case:  

• For Assignment 1, the grade is 60 out of 80.  
• For Assignment 2, the grade is 30 out of 50.  
• For Homework, the grade is 120 out of 120.  
• For the Final exam, the grade is 60 out of 100.  

The formula to calculate the weighted average grade is:  

Weighted Grade = sum of real grade / sum of maximum grade  

Weighted Grade = (60 + 30 + 120 + 60) / (80 + 50 + 120 + 100) = 77.14  

Important Role of the Grade Calculator in Academic Path  

The Grade Calculator functions as a flexible tool that aids both educators and students, fostering efficiency and transparency. Knowing the average grade is essential for strategic decision-making in scenarios and setting achievable academic goals.  

Scenario Planning:  

Some Grade Calculators allow users to experiment with different scenarios. For instance, students can input hypothetical scores for future assignments or exams to see how they would impact their final grade. This helps in understanding how adjustments to upcoming assessments may impact the overall class performance.  

Teachers can use a Grade Calculator to streamline the grading process. By inputting scores and weights, the tool can quickly calculate overall grades, saving time and ensuring accuracy.  

Goal Setting:    

Users can set grade goals and determine the scores needed on upcoming assessments to achieve those goals. This application is particularly helpful for students who aim for a specific final course grade. Goal-setting helps students set realistic academic goals and understand the scores needed to achieve them. Knowing their current grade and having the ability to plan for future assessments can reduce stress for students.  

The Grade calculator provides the average score for a specific course. Students can use this result to calculate their GPA, which represents the average score across all their courses. In essence, the output from the Grade calculator acts as the input for the GPA calculator.

3 Outstanding Features of Grade Calculator  

Using our Grade Calculator is simple and straightforward, even if you are a first-time user. The Grade Calculator is crafted with the user in mind, offering many noticeable benefits:  

Customizable by Adding or Subtracting Assignments  

Recognizing the diversity of grading systems in different educational institutions, the tool offers customization options. Users have the flexibility to tailor the tool to their specific needs. For example, users can add as many assignments as they want, and adjust the weight to align with their school's unique grading system.  

Compatible with Multiple Devices  

The tool is accessible across various platforms to accommodate different user preferences and device types. It is available as both a web application and a mobile app. Users can access it conveniently from desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.  

Easy-to-Understand and Easy-to-Use Interface  

The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly, prioritizing ease of use. Input fields are labeled logically, ensuring users can easily understand and input the required information. The overall design focuses on simplicity enhancing the overall user experience.  

To sum up, the Grade Calculator is considered a trusted tool for students and educators alike on their academic journeys. Its friendly interface and accurate calculations make it a valuable companion, helping everyone calculate the grade of the course effectively.  

Grade Calculator - FAQs  

What grade do i need to pass a college class  .

The grade needed to pass a college class varies depending on the grading system used by the schools, colleges, and academic institutions . In many cases, a passing grade is a D or higher, which is usually equivalent to a numerical grade of 60% or more. However, some programs or courses may require a higher minimum passing grade, so it's important to check your college's policies.  

How do you calculate the percentage grade?  

To calculate a percentage grade, you divide the points earned by the total points possible and then multiply by 100. For example, if you earned 85 points out of a possible 100, your percentage grade would be: (85/100) * 100 = 85%.  

How much will a 0 affect my grade?  

A zero can significantly impact your grade, especially if it's for a major assignment or test. Since a zero has a large weight in the calculation of your average score, it can pull down your overall grade significantly.  

How much will a 71 affect my grade?  

The impact of a 71 on your grade depends on several factors, such as the weight of the assignment or test in the overall course grade and the grading scale used by your instructor. If the 71 is for a major assignment or test and carries a significant weight in the course, it could have a noticeable effect on your overall grade, potentially lowering it. However, if the assignment is one of many and has a lower weight in the course, its impact may be less significant.

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Grade Calculator

Our weighted grade calculator shows your average and what to earn for the final grade you want. A timesaver if you don't know how to calculate grades!

Asgmt./Exam

Your current grade

The grade you want

Your final is worth

Related Calculators

FINAL GRADE

A grade of 80.5 or higher is needed for the remaining 40% of tasks to ensure a final grade of 85.

There was an error with your calculation.

Table of Contents

• Grade Calculators: Useful Tools to Show You What You've Accomplished and Help Plan Your Next Move
• Where You Are and How to Get Where You're Going

Saving Time

How to determine your weighted average, forming a game plan to reach your target grade, know what you need on the last big test, students and teachers often misunderstand weighted averages.

• It's Pretty Simple When You Have All the Data

Missing Grades Make the Math More Complicated

The reason we need these calculators, 6 ways to evaluate student progress, grade calculators: useful tools to show you what you've accomplished and help plan your next move.

A weighted grading calculator can be a lifesaver for students who need to know where they stand at any point in the grading period. These convenient programs save time and give students and teachers quick, accurate information. But what is it they do? This article will investigate what functions grade calculators perform, how they operate, and why we have grades in the first place.

Where You Are and How to Get Where You're Going

The three calculators above can help teachers and students answer urgent questions about grades in seconds. First, the Grade Calculator computes a weighted average for any course, accepting both number and letter grades.

In addition, the Final Grade Planning Calculator displays the grade needed on outstanding assignments to reach a target final grade. Also, the Final Grade Calculator determines what a student needs to score on their final exam to reach their target final grade.

Compared to the normal average, a weighted average requires more calculations. When you figure out a weighted average, the many numbers you use are given varying weights or values in relation to one another. This phenomenon occurs in most high-school and college courses, where different assignment types are worth different percentages of the final grade. A course grade calculator makes finding weighted averages quick and accurate.

In addition, many students become concerned near the end of a quarter, semester, or year. They often worry that they will not get a good grade, but they can rely on a Final Grade Planning Calculator to tell them how to perform to reach their desired goal.

Similarly, students often need to achieve a specific score on their final project or exam to get the desired grade. In this case, a Final Grade Calculator lets them know how hard they must work to get where they need to go.

Suppose a grading period is over and all grades are accounted for. In that case, a student can use the Grade Calculator to ensure the teacher made no mathematical errors. In this example, the student enters each assignment, grade, and weight into the calculator.

After clicking "Calculate," the Grade calculator provides a numerical and letter grade.

Average Grade: 87.7 (B+)

Provided there are still grades or categories outstanding, enter the target final grade and the weight percentage weight of the outstanding assignments.

After hitting "Calculate," the Final Grade Planning Calculator will display the current weighted average and the score required on outstanding work to achieve the desired final grade.

• Average grade: 85.0 (B).
• A grade of 95.0 is needed for the remaining 30% of tasks to ensure a final grade of 88.

When all grades other than the final exam are accounted for, enter the current weighted average grade, target grade, and final exam weight in the Final Grade Calculator. Click the Calculate button.

• Your current grade: 79
• The grade you want: 85
• Your final is worth: 35%

The Final Grade Calculator will display the final exam grade necessary to attain the desired final grade.

Result You will need a grade of 96.1 or higher on the final.

Weighted averages include numbers with different abilities to skew the average—thus the term "weighted." Unfortunately, many students (and some teachers!) don't understand how to calculate grades using weighted averages because they require more calculations than simple ones.

Suppose you're attempting to figure out your grade in a class where different assignments are worth varying percentages of your final grade. In that case, you might need to determine a weighted average. Whether the sum of your weights equals 1 (or 100%) will affect the method you employ.

It's Pretty Simple When You Have All the Data

To calculate a weighted average where the total weights equal 1, multiply each grade by its corresponding weight and add them all up. Rendered mathematically: g1(w1) + g2(w2) + g3(w3), and so on, where g is each grade and w is the corresponding weight. Of course, most syllabi list weights as percentages, so you will need to convert them into decimals first. For example, 25% equals 0.25; therefore, 100% equals 1.

The math is slightly different when some grades are missing, and the total weights equal less than one. This happens when you use the Final Grade Planning Calculator to determine your current weighted average and the score needed on the outstanding work to get the final grade you want.

Mathematically, you would figure out the weighted average the same way. However, you need to take the sum of each grade (weight) and divide it by the total weight of the known grades (in decimal form).

The formula would be Σgw/Σw where Σgw is the sum of each grade (weight) and Σw is the sum of all weights in decimal form.

The complexity of these calculations makes a weighted grade calculator a lifesaver for students.

Grading is a comparatively recent invention. Since 1785, students at Yale have been receiving the Latin equivalents of the words best (optimi), worse (inferiores), and worst (peiores). So, Yale was the first university in the United States to assign grades.

Before that, American colleges followed the Oxford and Cambridge models, which required frequent attendance at lectures and a weekly dialogue between the student and their proctor, both in person and in writing.

When the proctor or panel of other professors thought the students had shown an appropriate grasp of the subject, the course was declared complete. The faculty gave no grade. A prospective employer could only compare a student's qualifications through reference letters.

Universities experimented with a wide variety of systems during the 19th century. For example, Yale used scales ranging from four to nine points. The professors at Harvard experimented with 20 and 100-point scales before deciding that grouping students into five classes, with the lowest class failing the course, was the best they could do.

To assist professors in evaluating students, William and Mary public research University in the U.S. used the categories: "orderly, accurate, and attentive" or "they have learned little or nothing."

Because of the significant increases in immigration and the emergence of regulations requiring compulsory attendance, schools were overcrowded at the beginning of the 20th century. As a result, teachers and administrators needed an effective, standardized method for testing and grading many pupils. These circumstances naturally led to the nationwide standardization of school grading.

Our calculators use the percentages and letter grades common in the U.S. However, there are many other ways to assess student progress. Here is a quick list of common grading alternatives:

• A percentage ranging from 0% to 100%.
• Letter Grades with Variations (A, C+, B-).
• Standard-Based. Students receive marks relative to specific knowledge in the curriculum.
• Mastery-Based Grading. Students have the time to master a skill before moving to another.
• Narrative-Based Grading. Students receive lengthy written feedback about their performance in class.

It may seem that the student grading system has been around forever. However, before the 20th century, the grading systems we now know did not exist.

We still worry about how to determine our grades when each type of assignment has its own "weight." We wonder what we need to get on the final exam to pass.

Our grade calculator can't give you the knowledge to handle every assignment. But he can reassure you by telling you where you are and what results you need to achieve.

Grade Calculator

Grade Calculator lets you find the weighted percentage and letter grades for all of your assignments or exams.

About Grade Calculator

Welcome to our Grade Calculator. It's a free and easy-to-use online tool to calculate weighted average grades. In addition, it lets you compute the grades in percentages, letters, or points.

Just select the grade type and input the assignment names, grades, and weights. Lastly, press the "Calculate" button to see the final result.

How to Calculate Weighted Grade?

To calculate a weighted grade, you need to assign different weights or percentages to each assignment. Such as projects, midterms, homework, and quizzes, and then multiply the grade earned in each assignment by its corresponding weight. Finally, add up these weighted grades and divide them by the sum of weights to obtain an overall weighted grade.

Here's an example:

Suppose there are three categories of assignments:

• Projects (weight of 35%)
• Midterms (weight of 40%)
• Homework (weight of 25%)

A student earns the following grades in each category:

• Projects - 75%
• Midterms - 90%
• Homework - 82%

Weighted grade = (project grade × 35%) + (midterm grade × 40%) + (homework grade × 25%) / 35 + 40 + 25

= (75 × 35) + (90 × 40) + (82 × 25) / 100

= (2625 + 3600 + 2050) / 100

= 8275 / 100

Therefore, the student's overall weighted grade for the course is 82.75% .

How to use Grade Calculator?

Before getting started, ask your teacher, how much each assignment category is worth. Also, you can check it out from the course syllabus. Because it will be needed for the grade calculation.

• Firstly, select the grade type. Our tool gives you access to enter the grades in three formats. Percentage, Letters, and Points. So, choose the required one of them.
• After choosing the grade type, enter the assignment category name. Such as projects, quizzes, homework, midterm, etc.
• Now enter the grade that you earned for each assignment. Also, you can input the grades in percentages, letters, or points.
• Enter the weight for each assignment category in percentage. For example, projects - 20%, midterms - 30%, etc.
• If you want to calculate the grades for more than five assignments, you can use the "Add Assignment" button to add more rows.
• In addition, you can find how much additional grade is needed to maintain the given average grade. It's an optional feature. You can leave it blank if you don't need it.
• Lastly, press the "Calculate" button to see the final result on your screen.
• Finally, you can see the average grade result with calculations and additional grades needed. Also, if you choose the letter grade, you will get the GPA result. Similarly, the tool will display the total grade result, if you choose a point grade.
• For new calculations, press the "Reset" button. It will refresh the calculator and gives a fresh new start.

Related Calculators

• Final Grade Calculator
• Test Grade Calculator
• College GPA Calculator
• High School GPA Calculator
• Final GPA Calculator

Using rubrics for assessment in STEM education

• July 17, 2022
• Assessments , Classroom Management , Engineering Design Process

What does success in STEM look like?

Assessment in STEM education was one of my biggest challenges when I switched from teaching middle school science to STEM. At its core, STEM class is about teaching students to solve problems. The specific topics and projects can vary widely. However, whether students are learning about civil engineering, 3D printing, or app creation, they should leave STEM classes as better problem solvers. 

I knew all this going into my first STEM class, but I also had no idea how to quantitatively measure my students’ problem-solving skills… And I quickly discovered that my students believed if their solution to a STEM challenge was successful, they would earn an “A.” If their idea failed, well, they would also fail. I knew this was not the way, and I had to fix it.

Assessment in STEM education should be about the process

After some reflection and research, I decided the best course of action would be to revamp my STEM challenges and ensure that students were focusing on the problem-solving process over the product. With this goal in mind, I created a rubric that breaks down each step of the engineering design process and outlines the actions students should engage in during each step. I made sure my rubric was general enough that it could be used with any STEM project. This allows me to accurately measure my students’ ability to problem solve and track their growth over time.

Changing student mindsets

Next, to ensure my new assessment strategy was successful, I needed to introduce the rubric to my students and gain their buy-in.  I started by color-coding the rubric and taping it to the students’ desks. I inserted an anchor chart of the rubric in our daily slideshow. Then I rewrote my lesson plans to ensure we were discussing and reflecting on the rubric and the engineering design process at the beginning and end of each class. 

I used this same rubric for every project we completed in STEM class . A copy of the rubric was attached to each new project, and I had my students refer to it frequently with goal setting and self-assessments. I even had them compare the number of points on the rubric related to their prototype versus the number of points on the rubric related to all the other parts of the process.

So what happened?

Using a well-defined rubric for assessment in STEM class was one of the best things I did for my classroom! 

The rubric allowed me to:

• Quantitatively measure my students’ problem-solving skills
• Track growth in my students’ problem-solving abilities
• Give my students specific feedback around problem-solving 
• Provide a more true measure of student success in STEM

The rubric allowed my students to:

• Know exactly what was expected of them during each step of the engineering design process
• Reflect on their own areas of strength and weakness 
• Set goals around problem-solving
• Change their mindset around what it means to be successful in STEM

Now it’s your turn!

If you don’t already use a rubric for assessment in STEM, I highly recommend trying it out. It will shape the way you teach, and ensure your students are leaving with the 21st-century skills that will benefit them throughout K-12 education and beyond. Grab a free copy of my engineering design process rubric and revamp assessment in your STEM class today!

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# Project Stem

Source code for the 2022-23 AP Computer Science A course on Project Stem.

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This page contains the source code to various problems on Project Stem. Organized by unit, you will find the necessary activity files to be compiled by the Java environment, as well as runner files provided by Project Stem to test execution (when available).

The provided source code is intended to work with the 2023 AP CS A course. These solutions may grow out-of-date as new changes are made to the course every year.

# Table of Contents

• Unit 1: Primitive Types
• Unit 2: Using Objects
• Unit 3: Boolean Expressions and If Statements
• Unit 4: Iteration
• Unit 5: Writing Classes
• Unit 6: Array
• Unit 7: ArrayList
• Unit 8: 2D Array
• Unit 9: Inheritance
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APCSA Project Stem

Source code for the 2022-23 AP Computer Science A course on Project Stem. Browse the source code »

This repository contains the source code to various problems on Project Stem. Organized by unit, you will find the necessary activity files to be compiled by the Java environment, as well as runner files provided by Project Stem to test execution (when available).

The provided source code is intended to work with the 2023 AP CS A course. These solutions may grow out-of-date as new changes are made to the course every year.

The user-friendly website front-end found here is built using Retype .

Table of Contents

• Unit 1: Primitive Types
• Unit 2: Using Objects
• Unit 3: Boolean Expressions and If Statements
• Unit 4: Iteration
• Unit 5: Writing Classes
• Unit 6: Array
• Unit 7: ArrayList
• Unit 8: 2D Array
• Unit 9: Inheritance
• Unit 10: Recursion

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Notice a typo or error? Feel free to create an issue !

Please note that support will not be provided for code that does not work in newer lessons. As such, the source code will not be updated to reflect newer curricula.

This repository is licensed under GPL 3.0 .

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• Grade Calculators

Weighted Grade Calculator

Assignments

Assignment 1

Assignment 2

Assignment 3

Assignment 4

Assignment 5

Assignment 6

Assignment 7

Assignment 8

Assignment 9

Assignment 10

Your Grade Average:

To determine what grade you need to get on your remaining assignments (or on your final exam), enter the total weight of all of your class assignments (often the total weight is 100). Then enter the desired grade you would like to get in the class.

Enter Desired Grade

Enter Class Total Weight

Instructions

You can use the calculator above to calculate your weighted grade average. For each assignment, enter the grade you received and the weight of the assignment. If you have more than 10 assignments, use the "Add Row" button to add additional input fields. Once you have entered your data, press the "calculate" button and you will see the calculated average grade in the results area.

If you want to calculate the average grade you need on your remaining assignments (or on your final exam) in order to get a certain grade in the class, enter the desired grade you would like to get in the class. Then enter the total weight of all your class assignments. Often the total weight of all class assignments is equal to 100, but this is not always the case. Press either the “Calculate” button or the “Update” button and you will see your average grade for the class and the results will be displayed in the results area.

Video Instructions

How to calculate weighted grade average?

• First multiple the grade received by the weight of the assignment. Repeat this for each completed assignment.
• Then add each of the calculated values from step 1 together.
• Next add the weight of all the completed assignments together.
• Finally, divide the calculated value from step 2 above by the value calculated from step 3. This gives you the weighted grade average.

Weighted Grade Formula

Weighted Grade = (w 1 x g 1 + w 2 x g 2 + w 3 x g 3 + …) / (w 1 + w 2 + w 3 + …)

Example Calculation

Here is an example. Let's say you received a 90% on your first assignment and it was worth 10% of the class grade. Then let's assume you took a test and received an 80% on it. The test was worth 20% of your grade.

To calculate your average grade, follow these steps:

• Multiple each grade by its weight. In this example, you received a 90% on the first assignment and it was worth 10%. So multiply 90 x 10 = 900. You also received an 80% on the test and it was worth 20% of the class grade. So multiply 80 x 20 = 1600.
• Add the calculated values from step 1 together. We now have 900 + 1600 = 2500.
• Add the weight of all the completed assignments together. To do this, add 10% for the first assignment and 20% for the second assignment. That gives us 10 + 20 = 30.
• Finally, divide the value from step 2 by the value from step 3. That gives us 2500 / 30 = 83.33. Therefore our weighted grade average is 83.33%.

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Edu News | January 26, 2022

24 stem lessons you can quickly deploy in the classroom.

Calling all teachers pressed for time, substitutes looking for classroom activities that don't require a lot of prep, and others hoping to keep students learning in especially chaotic times: We've got a new collection of lessons and activities that you can quickly deploy.

Read on to explore our collection of Quick and Easy STEM lessons and student activities , organized by grade band. Get everything you need to guide students through standards-aligned lessons featuring connections to real NASA missions and science as well as links to student projects, which can be led by teachers or assigned as independent activities.

Grades 9-12

Explore More

Make a Paper Mars Helicopter

In this lesson, students build a paper helicopter, then improve the design and compare and measure performance.

Subject Engineering

Time 30-60 mins

Student Project: Make a Paper Mars Helicopter

Build a paper helicopter, then see if you can improve the design like NASA engineers did when making the first helicopter for Mars.

What Tools Would You Take to Mars?

Students decide what they want to learn from a robotic mission to Mars and what tools they will put on their robot to accomplish their goals.

Subject Science

Rockets by Size

Students cut out, color and sequence paper rockets in a simple mathematics lesson on measurement.

Subject Math

Rocket Math

Students use rocket manipulatives to help them develop number sense, counting, addition and subtraction skills.

Tangram Rocket

Students use tangrams to create rockets while practicing shape recognition.

Time 1-2 hrs

Student Project: Build a Rover and More With Shapes

Use geometric shapes called tangrams to build a rover and other space-themed designs!

Time Less than 30 mins

Student Project: Build a Rocket and More With Shapes

Use geometric shapes called tangrams to build a rocket and other space-themed designs!

Mineral Mystery Experiment

Students explore the science behind an intriguing planetary feature by creating saline solutions and then observing what happens when the solutions evaporate.

Grades 2-12

Time 2 sessions of 30-60 mins

Student Project: Do a Mineral Mystery Experiment

Dissolve salts in water, then observe what happens when the water evaporates.

What Do You Know About Mars?

Students decide what they want to learn from a robotic mission to Mars.

Melting Ice Experiment

Students make predictions and observations about how ice will melt in different conditions then compare their predictions to results as they make connections to melting glaciers.

Parachute Design

Students design and test parachute landing systems to successfully land a probe on target.

Planetary Poetry

In this cross-curricular STEM and language arts lesson, students learn about planets, stars and space missions and write STEM-inspired poetry to share their knowledge of or inspiration about these topics.

Student Project: Write a Poem About Space

Are you a space poet, and you didn't even know it? Find out how to create your own poems inspired by space!

Ocean World: Earth Globe Toss Game

Students use NASA images and a hands-on activity to compare the amounts of land and surface water on our planet.

Simple Rocket Science Continued

Students gather data on a balloon rocket launch, then create a simple graph to show the results of the tests.

Spaghetti Anyone? Building with Pasta

Students use the engineering design process to build a structure to handle the greatest load and gain first-hand experience with compression and tension forces.

Student Project: Building With Spaghetti

Use spaghetti to build a tower modeled after the giant structures NASA uses to talk to spacecraft.

Simple Rocket Science

Students perform a simple science experiment to learn how a rocket works and demonstrate Newton’s third law of motion.

Soda-Straw Rockets

Students study rocket stability as they design, construct and launch paper rockets using soda straws.

Student Project: Make a Straw Rocket

Create a paper rocket that can be launched from a soda straw – then, modify the design to make the rocket fly farther!

Rocket Activity: Heavy Lifting

Students construct balloon-powered rockets to launch the greatest payload possible to the classroom ceiling.

Design a Robotic Insect

Students design a robotic insect for an extraterrestrial environment, then compare the process to how NASA engineers design robots for extreme environments like Mars.

Student Project: Design a Robotic Insect

Design a robotic insect to go to an extreme environment. Then, compare the design process to what NASA engineers do when building robots for Mars!

How Far Away Is Space?

Students use measurement skills to determine the scale distance to space on a map.

Student Project: How Far Away Is Space?

Stack coins and use your measurement skills to figure out the scale distance from Earth's surface to space.

Planetary Travel Time

Students will compute the approximate travel time to planets in the solar system using different modes of transportation.

The Ring Wing Glider

In this simple engineering design lesson, students turn a piece of paper into an aircraft wing and then try to improve upon their design.

Student Project: Make a Paper Glider

Turn a piece of paper into a glider inspired by a NASA design.

How Do We See Dark Matter?

Students will make observations of two containers and identify differences in content, justify their claims and make comparisons to dark matter observations.

Grades 6-12

Let's Go to Mars! Calculating Launch Windows

Students use advanced algebra concepts to determine the next opportunity to launch a spacecraft to Mars.

Find our full collection of more than 250 STEM educator guides and student activities in Teach and Learn .

For games, articles, and more activities from NASA for kids in upper-elementary grades, visit NASA Space Place and NASA Climate Kids .

Explore more educational resources and opportunities for students and educators from NASA STEM Engagement .

TAGS: Lessons , Teachers , Educators , Parents , Substitutes , Activities , Students , Science , Engineering , Quick and Easy

Kim Orr , Web Producer, NASA-JPL Education Office

Kim Orr is a web and content producer for the Education Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Her pastimes are laughing and going on Indiana Jones style adventures.

Semester Grade Calculator

What grade do i need to pass, how can i improve my grades>, how to use the semester grade calculator 🎓, grade average calculator in practice.

Is the end of semester is coming? Brace yourself with the semester grade calculator. The tool determines your semester grade 📚 based on your performance . You can also estimate your detailed performance with our test grade calculator .

If the question is "What grade do I need in my finals to pass?" , this grade average calculator will also answer it. The article below contains some tips on how to get through your midterms, how this final calculator works, and, finally, a practical example of how to use it.

Prefer watching rather than reading? We made a video for you! Check it out below:

Grades don't matter in the real world, and they don't define you as a person. It's true! Still, finishing school is an important step in getting the job of your dreams, and getting a positive grade is crucial. And don't forget that, in college, better grades may mean you pay off your student loan quicker (see how with our student loan calculator ) 👩‍🎓

With this grade average calculator, you can plan your work for the whole semester . Not only that! Imagine, it's midterm time, you're just before your finals, and you'd like to know how many points you need to get a particular final grade. Nothing could be easier with this final calculator - just put in your results so far, the weights of each quarter, and the final grade you want into the calculator.

There are many techniques that can improve your results at school. Here we go through some of them.

• Organize your time . You can use the Pomodoro technique calculator to better plan your free time.
• Pay attention to classes . It'll reduce the time you spend trying to learn the topic at home.
• Give some extra time towards the topics you're not the best at . Focus on the subjects you've been struggling with.
• Don't let yourself be distracted 📵 by social media and TV. There's nothing wrong with watching one episode in the evening - just be careful - don't let it become a binge-watch.
• Improve your studying style . Maybe you prefer to take notes with a lot of graphs? Or watch youtube videos with explanations? Or perhaps what you need is to explain everything you learn in your own words? Try them out and find what suits you best.
• Ask friends for help or hire a private tutor . Sometimes you simply need more time to understand some topics. Don't be afraid to ask for help!

All of the above are just suggestions. If you feel you need extra help, search the Internet or ask your teachers at school.

In this midterm calculator, you need to input a couple of values:

• Your grade from the first quarter and the percent of the whole semester's grade it represents.
• Your second quarter's outcome along with its weight.
• Your final exam results with, once again, what part of the total semester grade it makes up.

Suppose you ask yourself, "What grade do I need to finish the semester with X grade" , use the semester grade calculator backward . By that, we mean that you input, just like above, 1. and 2., and after that you fill in your semester grade goal and its weight. And the desired final grade appears!

What's theory without practice? The saying is well known everywhere except schools. Yet, we'll work on an example to describe the use of this semester grade calculator.

Elizabeth is a 7th-grade student, and her first semester went pretty well. She got 70% in the first quarter, which is 40% of her semester grade. The second quarter was a bit harder, and she got 65%, but it's only 30% of the grade. Elizabeth would like to know her semester grade before the official information from her teacher. From the final exam, she got 80%. Its weight is, of course: 100% - 40% - 30% = 30%

Semester grade = 70% * 0.4 + 65% * 0.3 + 80 * 0.3

Semester grade = 71.5%

Her semester grade is 71.5%. She did well in her finals and managed to bring up her grade. Good job!

How do I calculate the weighted grade for a class?

To calculate the weighted grade for a class:

• Gather all your grades so far and their weights (the percentage each grade comprises of the whole semester).
• Multiply each grade by its weight. Remember, that if the weight is a percentage (i.e., 10%, 30%, 50%...) you’ll need to express each multiplicand as its decimal equivalent (i.e., 0.1, 0.3, 0.5…).
• Sum the products that from Step 2. This represents your weighted grade: Weighted grade = (Grade 1 × Weight 1) + (Grade 2 × Weight 2) + (Grade 3 × Weight 3) + …

How do I calculate my semester grade?

To illustrate how to calculate your semester grade, let’s use an example. Imagine that your grades are 65%, 70%, and 75% for each term:

• Multiply your first term's grade by the percent of the whole semester's grade it represents (weight): 65% × 0.3 = 19.5%
• Similarly, multiply your second semester's grade by its weight: 70% × 0.4 = 28%
• Repeat again by multiplying your final exam grade by its weight: 75% × 0.3 = 22.5%
• Finally, sum all these values to calculate your semester grade: Semester grade = 19.5% + 28% + 22.5% = 70%

How do I calculate what final exam grade I need?

To calculate what final exam grade you need, find your current grades and the semester grade that you’d like to achieve:

• Multiply your current grades by their weights and sum them to get your Current grade .
• From your desired semester grade, subtract the previous value: Semester grade - Current grade = Final exam weighted This represents your weighted final exam grade needed to get your chosen grade.
• Divide the previous value by the weight of the final exam: Final exam grade = Final exam total / Final exam weight

How do I average two grades from a semester?

To average two grades from a semester:

• Multiply each grade by the percentage of the whole semester’s grade they represent (weight): (Grade 1 × Weight 1) + (Grade 2 × Weight 2)
• Divide this by the sum of the weights: Average = ((Grade 1 × Weight 1) + (Grade 2 × Weight 2)) / (Weight 1 + Weight 2)
• That’s it! Now you know how to average two grades.

Focal length

Helium balloons, vertical exaggeration.

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• Everyday life (262)
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• Health (440)
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• Sports (105)
• Statistics (184)
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FREE K-12 standards-aligned STEM

curriculum for educators everywhere!

Find more at TeachEngineering.org .

• TeachEngineering
• Operation Build a Bridge and Get Over It

Hands-on Activity Operation Build a Bridge and Get Over It

Grade Level: 6 (4-6)

(Takes six hours of class time; see note in Procedure section)

The activity also uses some non-expendable (reusable) items; see the Materials List for details.

Group Size: 3

Activity Dependency: None

Subject Areas: Science and Technology

NGSS Performance Expectations:

TE Newsletter

Engineering connection, learning objectives, materials list, worksheets and attachments, more curriculum like this, pre-req knowledge, introduction/motivation, vocabulary/definitions, activity scaling, additional multimedia support, user comments & tips.

Structural engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines. Through this classic introduction to engineering activity, students gain an understanding of some of the challenges faced by engineers whose designs must protect public safety, such as bridges like the Golden Gate Bridge that thousands of people depend upon every day. Students experience the engineering design process to achieve effective designs, creating and testing prototype bridges to failure. They also experience the use of scale models in engineering to study how the forces and loads acting on bridges (or any structures) can result in damage. Also like real-world engineers, students analyze their bridge designs by calculating strength-to-weight ratios as a measure of structural efficiency.

After this activity, students should be able to:

• Apply and explain the use of the engineering design process to design a bridge with given size limitations.
• Calculate the strength-to-weight ratio of their final designs.
• Explain how tension and compression forces act on a bridge support when a load is applied.

Educational Standards Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) , a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g. , by state; within source by type; e.g. , science or mathematics; within type by subtype, then by grade, etc .

Ngss: next generation science standards - science, common core state standards - math.

View aligned curriculum

Do you agree with this alignment? Thanks for your feedback!

International Technology and Engineering Educators Association - Technology

State standards, california - math, california - science.

Each group needs:

• 100 wooden tongue depressors or craft sticks
• Elmer's white school glue (NOT wood glue)
• paper and pencil, to sketch and re-sketch bridge designs
• Pre-Activity Quiz , one per student
• Mission Possible Activity Worksheet , one per student
• Post-Activity Quiz , one per student
• computer with Internet connection, for research
• safety glasses, one pair per student, to use during testing

To share with the entire class:

• (optional) 8 x 10-inch printouts of a few broken bridges from around the world, such as the four pictured in Broken Bridge Photos Visual Aid , slipped into a manila envelope, for the activity introduction
• binder clips (clamp-style paper clips), used to clamp together bridges while drying
• small hand saws
• a way to test bridge strength, such as science lab hook masses or a hanging bucket with rocks, sand or other weights, with the bridge spanning a gap between two tables placed some distance apart; alternatively, use bridge-breaker equipment if available
• (optional) camera

A familiarity with the engineering design process and calculating ratios.

Good morning, class.

We have received several images from around the world showing bridge failure. (Show students the photos and pass them around the class.) Here's one in Madagascar, an island nation off Africa, another in Suriname, a republic in South America, one in Mississippi after a hurricane, and a collapsed metal bridge in Nebraska. While each bridge collapsed (engineers say "failed") for different reasons, the main cause always comes down to one thing. Share with your partners what you think may be the general cause for structural failure. (After a few minutes, ask students to share their ideas. Expect students to suggest causes such as: not strong enough, overloading or too much weight, worn-out, etc.) The main culprit is that the bridges are no longer able to support the weight placed on them.

The city of [name of local city] requests that our team conduct a special mission to redesign and construct a bridge that will resist collapsing. We will use our understanding of the steps of the engineering design process to achieve the mission goals. The operation name is "Build a Bridge and Get over It."

Your mission, which you must accept, is to design and construct a bridge for [the city name] that will have a high strength-to-weight ratio. As always should any member of your IMF force be caught or killed, the secretary will disavow any knowledge of your actions. This tape will self-destruct in five seconds. Good luck class.

Bridges come in a variety of shapes and sizes—they can be fixed or moveable; artistic, grandiose and challenging to build like the Golden Gate Bridge; or simple like a fallen log across a stream. While many bridge types and styles exist, to be successful, all must be able to support the loads that act on them. The five different types of possible loads that bridges must withstand are compression, tension, shear, bending and torsion. Refer to the Fairly Fundamental Facts about Forces and Structures lesson for a more detailed explanation of these forces.

Another commonly used bridge design element in is the use of girders to provide horizontal support to the flat top surface called the deck . Girders tend to be designed as either an open box-shape or an I-beam shape. These shapes require less beam building material than solid beams while still being able to withstand the compressive and tensile forces being applied. They are also very successful in resisting the torsional forces that bridges experience.

Timing Note

Plan on about six hours of total class time (360 minutes) to conduct the activity. This breaks down into about two hours of instruction and assessment, three hours of building and testing, and one hour for post-activity assessment. The bridge drying time is not included in this time estimate; putting the bridge together takes several class periods, while waiting for the glue to dry.

Before the Activity

• Gather materials and make copies of the Pre-Activity Quiz , Mission Possible Activity Worksheet and Post-Activity Quiz .
• The main test for the activity is to see how much weight each team's bridge prototype can withstand before breaking. To do this, attach a cord around the bridge to enable weights to be added. For example, suspend hooked masses (like those used in science labs) beneath the bridge or hang a small bucket to fill with sand, rocks or other known weight amounts. Add mass incrementally, keeping track of the total weight until the bridge collapses and recording the final breaking weight for use in calculating the strength-to-weight ratio. Alternatively, if you have access to bridge-breaker equipment, use that to test bridge strength. If using this testing method, adjust (as necessary) the bridge size constraint to ensure correct placement of the bridge prototypes in the testing equipment.
• If desired, prepare for the activity introduction by printing out the Broken Bridge Photos Visual Aid (four bridge photos) and slipping them into a manila envelope. Alternatively, search online to find an assortment of broken and collapsed bridge photos to show the class.

With the Students

Administer the pre-activity quiz as described in the Assessment section.

Present the Introduction/Motivation content to the students. Divide the class into teams of three students each. Then proceed with the activity, following the steps of the engineering design process.

Ask: Identify the needs and constraints (10 minutes). Constraints are what engineers call all the requirements and limitations imposed on the design project.

• Show students several images of different bridges and draw their attention to how they are supported, for example, the Golden Gate Bridge shown in Figure 3. While looking at various examples of bridge types and styles, point out the common use of triangles and arches. These shapes are very stable, which is a desirable attribute for bridges.
• The main area of interest for our purposes is the support structure for the roadway (the bridge deck).

• For the design challenge, the following size restrictions apply to your designs. The overall dimensions must be within these parameters (write them on the classroom board):

Length range: 35-43 cm (14-17 inches)

Width range: 10-15 cm (4-6 inches)

Maximum depth: 10 cm (4 inches)

Teacher note: This size limitation permits the opportunity for creativity designs while still keeping the number of tongue depressors to a manageable amount, usually ~100 per bridge.

• Another restriction is that the top of your bridge must be a flat roadway across its full width and length. No structure may extend above the roadway. You may include a ramp at each bridge end. Teacher note: This simplifies the overall design so the main focus is on the bridge support structure. This also gives some flexibility to accommodate whatever bridge testing method is used.
• The permitted materials are wooden tongue depressor sticks and white glue. The sticks may be cut to any length and arranged any way that your team agrees will contribute to the overall purpose to build a strong bridge. No coating of any type is permitted on the sticks.
• The overall goal of the project is to design and build a bridge that has the highest strength-to-weight ratio.

Research the problem (20 minutes)

• Direct teams to research online to examine real-life bridge examples for ideas. Alternatively, do this as a class to speed up this step.
• Keeping in mind the materials that are being used, direct the groups to each list two possible limitations they may face in their designs. For example, arches, I-beams and cables may be difficult to replicate with the given materials (flat wooden sticks).

Imagine: Develop possible solutions (20 minutes)

• Have each team member brainstorm and sketch a possible bridge design, transforming their ideas into possible practical solutions.
• Label the bridge sketches with estimated dimensions.
• For each sketch, also estimate how many tongue depressors are needed for that design. Some completed examples of student-created bridge designs are shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Plan: Select a promising solution (10 minutes)

Create: Build a prototype (40 minutes)

• Bridge construction takes several class periods, while waiting for the glue to dry.
• To minimize warping as they dry, use the binder clips to firmly clamp together the bridge components.
• Once bridges are completed, have teams re-sketch, measure and label their final prototypes since they may have made changes during the build phase.

Test and evaluate prototype (30 minutes for testing; 20 minutes for the worksheet)

• This is the fun testing period! Hand out the worksheets and have students fill in the table to keep track of the measurements and testing results for each bridge.
• Before breaking, measure and record the bridge mass (in grams).
• Place the bridge prototype into the weight-loading setup—such as resting each bridge end on the edges of two tables placed a foot apart. Consistently position each bridge in exactly the same setup.
• Slowly add more weight until the bridge fails. Record the weight at which the bridge breaks, then, if necessary, convert the units from pounds to grams (1 pound = 454 grams).
• Teacher note: Work through the first bridge calculations as a class so students learn how to do them. Calculate the strength-to-weight ratio by dividing the breaking load measured in grams by the mass of the bridge also in grams. This ratio serves as one way to measure bridge performance; a high strength-to-weight ratio is preferred since it means the bridge can support a heavy load, but is itself composed of as little material as possible, which reduces the cost of materials and saves money.
• Have students calculate their teams' strength-to-weight ratio, recording it on the worksheet table and sharing it with the rest of the class.
• Have students analyze the test results, comparing all the design solutions and ranking all the strength-to-weight ratios in order of best performance.
• Ask teams with the top three bridges to informally present their bridge designs to the rest of the class, explaining their design approach.

Improve: Redesign as needed (50 minutes, as part of the post-activity quiz)

Administer the post-activity quiz, as described in the Assessment section. This requires groups to discuss and determine the main cause of failure of their bridge designs, as well as come up with three possible improvement ideas and revised design sketches.

compression: The squeezing or pushing (force) on a material, which tends to make it shorter.

dead load: The weight of a structure by itself when fully constructed.

ratio: A comparison of the size of one number to the size of another number.

shear: The sliding of material that causes layers to move in opposite directions.

tension: The stretching or pulling (force) on a material, which tends to make it longer.

truss: A structural frame based on the rigidity of the triangle shape and composed of straight members. Functions as a beam to support structures such as bridges and roofs.

Pre-Activity Assessment

Pre-Quiz: Administer the Pre-Activity Quiz , which asks students to explain the strength of basic geometric shapes and perform some strength-to-weight ratio calculations. Review their answers to gauge their base level of understanding of these concepts. As necessary review the concept and calculation of ratios.

Activity Embedded Assessment

Worksheet : During the testing stage of the engineering design process, have students complete the Mission Possible Activity Worksheet . Doing this keeps all students engaged in the activity as they record the bridge measurements and corresponding breaking loads for all team bridges. Then they convert the breaking load units (if necessary) before calculating their teams' strength-to-weight ratios. They conclude by ranking all bridge prototypes by their ratios, making a comparison of all design solutions. Have the top three teams informally present their bridge designs to the class. Review students' worksheet tables and calculations to gauge their mastery of the concepts.

Post-Activity Assessment

Post-Quiz: Administer the Post-Activity Quiz , which asks students to explain the strength of basic geometric shapes, perform calculations related to strength-to-weight ratios, reflect on their use of the steps of the engineering design process, explain of the main cause of their bridge failures, and describe future bridge design improvement ideas, including a new sketch. Question 1 is the same as the pre-quiz. Review their answers to gauge their post-activity depth of comprehension of the activity concepts.

Safety Issues

Keep students at a fair distance when breaking the bridges to avoid flying parts. Require safety glasses for those applying the test weights or operating the bridge breaker equipment.

For lower grades, have students use Popsicle sticks to build the two shapes shown in pre-quiz question 1 to help them visualize what would happen with the application of force on those shapes.

Show students an example bridge with a truss support system under the roadway deck, such as the Golden Gate Bridge at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg

Learn the basics of the analysis of forces engineers perform at the truss joints to calculate the strength of a truss bridge known as the “method of joints.” Find the tensions and compressions to solve systems of linear equations where the size depends on the number of elements and nodes in the trus...

Students are presented with a brief history of bridges as they learn about the three main bridge types: beam, arch and suspension. They are introduced to two natural forces — tension and compression — common to all bridges and structures.

Students learn about the types of possible loads, how to calculate ultimate load combinations, and investigate the different sizes for the beams (girders) and columns (piers) of simple bridge design. Additionally, they learn the steps that engineers use to design bridges.

Contributors

Supporting program, acknowledgements.

The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed by the Renewable Energy Systems Opportunity for Unified Research Collaboration and Education (RESOURCE) project in the College of Engineering under National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. DGE 0948021. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.

Last modified: October 21, 2020