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(download) uppsc/uppcs 2023 mains general studies paper 1 exam question paper (held on - 27 september 2023) (डाउनलोड यूपीपीएससी/यूपीपीसीएस 2023 मुख्य परीक्षा "सामान्य अध्ययन पेपर 1" प्रश्न पत्र (परीक्षा तिथि - 27 सितंबर 2023).

(Download) UPPSC/UPPCS 2023 Mains General Studies Paper 1 Exam Question Paper (held on - 27 September 2023) (डाउनलोड यूपीपीएससी/यूपीपीसीएस 2023 मुख्य परीक्षा "सामान्य अध्ययन पेपर 1" प्रश्न पत्र (परीक्षा तिथि - 27 सितंबर 2023)

परीक्षा का नाम (Exam Name): UPPSC/UPPCS 2023

विषय (Subject) : सामान्य अध्ययन पेपर 1 (General Studies Paper 1)

माध्यम (Medium): Hindi

परीक्षा की तारीख (Exam Date): 27 September 2023

निर्धारित समय (Time Allowed): तीन घंटे

अधिकतम अंक (Maximum Marks): 200

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[Download] UPSC Mains General Studies Paper-1 (2013-2023) History, Geography, Social Science since new syllabus

History: Art & Culture

History: india before independence, history: india after independence, history: world, social science: caste, religion, region, globalization, social science: poverty, population, globalization, social science: globalization, social science: women, geography: physical, geography: climate, disaster related, geography: resources distribution, geography: factors affecting industrial locations, geography: urbanization / society: urbanization, appendix: linear paper of 2023-gsm1, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of upsc mains-gsm1 general studies paper1.

In 2013, UPSC changed the syllabus-pattern of Mains examination and the number of general studies papers were increased from two to four. Out of them, GS Paper-I deals with History, Culture, Society and Geography. Overall breakup looks like this

[Block-1] History

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Salient aspects of Art, Architecture, literature from Ancient to Modern Times

How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days ? (स्पष्ट करें कि मध्यकालीन भारतीय मंदिरों की मूर्तिकला उस दौर के सामाजिक जीवन का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। )

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Mid-18th century – Present (significant events, personalities, issues); Freedom Struggle (various stages, important contributors from different parts of the country)

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Post-Independence (consolidation and reorganisation within country)

GS1 Syllabus Topic: 18th century events (e.g. Industrial revolution, WWs, redrawn boundaries, colonisation, decolonisation); Political philosophies (e.g. communism, capitalism, socialism) and their effect on society

[Block-2] Social Science

GS1 Syllabus Topic:

• Communalism, Regionalism, Secularism; Social Empowerment
• Salient features of Indian Society; Diversity of India;

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Poverty, Population; Development and associated issues

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Globalisation (effects on Indian society)

• GS1 Syllabus Topic: Role of women and women’s organisation;
• Although some of the following questions fall under population and globalization categories, but if a person cultivates habit of noting down women related topics under one head, it’ll benefit in both GS1, GS2 and Essay.

[Block-3] Geography

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Salient Features of World Physical Geography; Important Geophysical phenomena (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, cyclones); Geographical features and location;

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Critical geographical features, flora, fauna (changes and effects thereof)

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Distribution of key Natural Resources (world, S. Asia, Indian subcontinent)

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Factors responsible for location of Industries (primary, secondary, tertiary; India, world)

GS1 Syllabus Topic: Urbanization: problems and remedies

• Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (प्राचीन भारत के विकास के लिए भौगोलिक कारकों की भूमिका को स्पष्ट करें।) (150 words/10m)
• What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? (वैदिक समाज और धर्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं क्या हैं? क्या आपको लगता है कि भारतीय समाज में कुछ विशेषताएं अभी भी प्रचलित हैं?) (250 words/15m)
• What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society? (सल्तनत युग के दौरान प्रमुख तकनीकी परिवर्तन क्या पेश किए गए थे? उन तकनीकी परिवर्तनों ने भारतीय समाज को कैसे प्रभावित किया?) (250 words/15m)
• What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? (शिक्षा और राष्ट्रवाद के प्रति उनके दृष्टिकोण में महात्मा गांधी और रबींद्रनाथ टैगोर के बीच क्या अंतर था?) (150 words/10m)
• How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression? (औपनिवेशिक शासन ने भारत में आदिवासियों को कैसे प्रभावित किया और औपनिवेशिक उत्पीड़न के लिए आदिवासी प्रतिक्रिया क्या थी?) (250 words/15m)
• From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. (1960 के दशक में ख्याधआयातक होने से, भारत दुनिया के लिए खाद्य निर्यातक के रूप में उभरा है। कारण प्रदान करें।) (250 words/15m)
• Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world (दुनिया के विभिन्न देशों में रेलवे की शुरूआत के सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रभावों को बाहर लाएं) (150 words/10m)
• Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? (भारत में आर्थिक विकास के साथ मानव विकास क्यों विफल रहा?) (250 words/15m)
• Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? (क्या शहरीकरण भारतीय महानगरों में गरीबों के अधिक अलगाव और/या हाशिए पर ले जाता है?) (250 words/15m)
• Do you think marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India? (क्या आपको लगता है कि एक संस्कार के रूप में विवाह आधुनिक भारत में अपना मूल्य खो रहा है?) (150 words/10m)
• Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society. (बताएं कि भारतीय समाज में युवा महिलाओं के बीच आत्महत्या क्यों बढ़ रही है।) (150 words/10m)
• Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (बच्चों को दुलारने की जगह अब मोबाइल फोन द्वारा प्रतिस्थापित किया जा रहा है। बच्चों के समाजीकरण पर इसके प्रभाव पर चर्चा करें।) (150 words/10m)
• Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? (भारत में जाति की पहचान द्रव और स्थिर दोनों क्यों है?) (250 words/15m)
• Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism. (जातीय पहचान और सांप्रदायिकता पर उदारवादी अर्थव्यवस्था के प्रभाव पर चर्चा करें।) (250 words/15m)
• Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. (उष्णकटिबंधीय देशों में खाद्य सुरक्षा पर जलवायु परिवर्तन के परिणामों पर चर्चा करें।) (150 words/10m)
• Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (आज दुनिया को मीठे पानी के संसाधनों की उपलब्धता और पहुंच के संकट के साथ क्यों सामना किया जाता है?) (150 words/10m)
• Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India (भारत में प्राकृतिक वनस्पति की विविधता के लिए जिम्मेदार कारकों की पहचान करें और चर्चा करें। भारत के वर्षा वन क्षेत्रों में वन्यजीव अभयारण्यों के महत्व का आकलन करें) (250 words/15m)
• How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (Fjords कैसे बनते हैं? वे दुनिया के कुछ सबसे सुरम्य क्षेत्रों का गठन क्यों करते हैं?) (150 words/10m)
• Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiya’ (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (भोजपुर क्षेत्र में दक्षिण-पश्चिम मानसून को पुरवाया (ईस्टरली) क्यों कहा जाता है? इस दिशात्मक मौसमी पवन प्रणाली ने क्षेत्र के सांस्कृतिक लोकाचार को कैसे प्रभावित किया है?) (150 words/10m)
• Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas. (भारत की लंबी तटरेखा की संसाधन क्षमता पर टिप्पणी करें और इन क्षेत्रों में प्राकृतिक खतरे की तैयारियों की स्थिति को उजागर करें।) (250 words/15m)

Appendix: Linear paper of 2022-GSM1

• How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days ? (स्पष्ट करें कि मध्यकालीन भारतीय मंदिरों की मूर्तिकला उस दौर के सामाजिक जीवन का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। ) 10m 150w
• Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers ? Give reasons. (अधिकांश भारतीय सिपाहियों वाली ईस्ट इंडिया की सेना क्यों तत्कालीन भारतीय शासकों की संख्याबल में अधिक और बेहतर सुसज्जित सेना से लगातार जीतती रही ? कारण बताएँ ।) 10m 150w
• Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century ? Give reasons. (औपनिवेशिक भारत की अठारहवीं शताब्दी के मध्य से क्यों अकाल पड़ने में अचानक वृद्धि देखने को मिलती है? कारण बताएं।) 10m 150w
• Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. (प्राथमिक चट्टानों की विशेषताओं एवं प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए।) 10m 150w
• Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological Department. (भारतीय मौसम विज्ञान विभाग द्वारा चक्रवात प्रवण क्षेत्रों के लिए मौसम सम्बन्धी चेतावनियों के लिए निर्धारित रंग-संकेत के अर्थ की चर्चा करें।) 10m 150w
• Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan Trap’. ( ‘दक्कन ट्रैप’ की प्राकृतिक संसाधन सम्भावनाओं की चर्चा कीजिए।) 10m 150w
• Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (भारत में पवन ऊर्जा की संभावना का परीक्षण कीजिए एवं उनके सीमित क्षेत्रीय विस्तार के कारणों को समझाइए|) 10m 150w
• Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships. (पारिवारिक सम्बन्धों पर ‘वर्क फ्रॉम होम’ के असर की छानबीन तथा मूल्यांकन करें ।) 10m 150w
• How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption ? (उपभोक्ता संस्कृति के विशेष परिप्रेक्ष्य में नव मध्यवर्ग के उभार से टीयर 2 शहरों का विकास किस तरह सम्बन्धित है ?) 10m 150w
• Given the diversities among tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category ? (भारत के जनजातीय समुदायों की विविधताओं को देखते हुए किस विशिष्ट सन्दर्भ के अन्तर्गत उन्हें किसी एकल श्रेणी में माना जाना चाहिए ?) 10m 150w
• The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. (राज्यों एवं प्रदेशों का राजनीतिक और प्रशासनिक पुनर्गठन उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के मध्य में निरंतर चल रही एक प्रक्रिया है। उदाहरण सहित विचार करें।) 15m 250w
• Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture. (भारतीय परम्परा और संस्कृति में गुप्त-काल और चोल काल के योगदान पर चर्चा करें।) 15m 250w
• Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture. (भारतीय मिथक कला और वास्तुकला में सिंह एवं वृषभ की आकृतियों के महत्व पर विचार करें।) 15m 250w
• What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world. (समुद्री धाराओं को प्रभावित करने वाली शक्तियाँ कौन सी है ? विश्व के मत्स्य उद्योग में इनके योगदान का वर्णन करें ) 15m 250w
• Describing the distribution of rubber producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. (रबर उत्पादक देशों के वितरण का वर्णन करते हुए उनके द्वारा सामना किए जाने वाले प्रमुख पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों को इंगित कीजिए।) 15m 250w
• Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में जलसंधि व स्थलसंधि के महत्त्व का उल्लेख कीजिए ।.) 15m 250w
• Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? ( क्षोभमंडल वायुमंडल का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण परत है जो मौसम प्रक्रियाओं को निर्धारित करता है। कैसे ?) 15m 250w
• Analyse the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion. (भारतीय समाज में जाति, क्षेत्र तथा धर्म के समानांतर ‘पंथ’ की विशेषता की विवेचना कीजिए ।) 15m 250w
• Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism ? Justify your answer. (क्या सहिष्णुता, सम्मिलन एवं बहुलता मुख्य तत्त्व हैं जो धर्मनिरपेक्षता के भारतीय रूप का निर्माण करते हैं ? तर्कसंगत उत्तर दें।) 15m 250w
• Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (अपर्याप्त संसाधनों की दुनिया में भूमंडलीकरण एवं नए तकनीक के रिश्ते को भारत के विशेष सन्दर्भ में स्पष्ट करें। ) 15m 250w
• Free Lecture: Youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSVABdpsEeglA4VimijYd4u1Q0uee8Vpz
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• 1) Salient aspects of Art, Architecture,
• 2) literature from Ancient to Modern Times
• Mid-18th century – Present (significant events, personalities, issues); Freedom Struggle (various stages, important contributors from different parts of the country)
• Post-Independence (consolidation and reorganisation within country)
• 18th century events (e.g. Ind’l revo, WWs, redrawn boundaries, colonisation, decolonisation); Political philosophies (e.g. communism, capitalism, socialism) and their effect on society
• Poverty, Population; Development and associated issues
• Salient features of Indian Society; Diversity of India; Globalisation (effects on Indian society)
• Role of women and women’s organisation;
• Critical geographical features, flora, fauna (changes and effects therof)
• Factors responsible for location of Industries (primary, secondary, tertiary; India, world)
• Salient Features of World Physical Geography; Important Geophysical phenomena (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, cyclones); Geographical features and location;
• Distribution of key Natural Resources (world, S. Asia, Indian subcontinent)
• Urbanisation: problems and remedies

UPSC GS Paper 1 Syllabus, Preparation Strategy, Exam Pattern

General studies paper 1.

Indian Society, Art and Culture (Indian Heritage and Culture), Geography (Physical and Human), and History (Modern India & World) are the topics covered in the first general studies paper of the UPSC Mains. You will find a list of subject-specific questions from the IAS Exam’s Mains GS 1 from 2013 to 2023 in this article.

How to Approach GS 1 Paper for UPSC Mains?

The best source to understand the demand for the Mains General Studies 1 paper is through previous year’s question papers. With the help of topic-wise questions of Mains GS-I, you can derive a strategy to start your preparation. The major topics where questions are asked in the paper are:

• Modern Indian History
• World History
• Art and Culture
• Indian Heritage & Culture
• Human Geography
• Physical Geography
• Geomorphology
• Indian Geography
• Climatology

Indian Society

• Diversity in Indian Society
• Role of Women
• Urbanization
• Social Empowerment
• Regionalism
• Communalism
• Secularism, etc

In mains General Studies paper 1, questions are targeted at the above-mentioned topics and the sub-topics entailed by these. The only difference is in the number of questions from these. To understand in detail how to prepare for the Mains General Studies paper-1 and to get the trend analysis of the GS-I along with the strategy and syllabus, candidates can check the GS 1 Structure, Strategy and Syllabus page.

GS 1 Questions Topic Wise Analysis

The table below mentions the number of questions asked from each topic in UPSC Mains GS 1 from 2013-2023:

Topic 1 – History

The topic ‘History’ has the following sub-topics:

• History of the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues
• The Freedom Struggle
• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

Topic 2 – Art & Culture

Indian culture comprises sub-topics like the salient aspects of:

• Literature and
• Architecture, from ancient to modern times

Topic 3 – Geography

The topic ‘Geography’ has the following subtopics:

• Physical geography
• Key natural resources across the world
• Industrial Sectors
• Indian & World Geography
• Geophysical phenomena
• Industrial Location

Topic 4 – Indian Society

The topic of Indian Society comprises:

• Indian Society’s salient features
• Women’s Role, Issues
• Poverty, Hunger Issues
• Urbanization, Issues
• Globalization, Issues
• Regionalism, Communalism, Secularism

Strategy for UPSC Mains GS Paper 1

Focus Areas in Mains General Studies

The table below gives the focus areas in Mains GS Paper-I which an aspirant should focus on:

How to prepare for UPSC GS Paper 1: Strategy & Tips

It is clear from the syllabus of the UPSC GS Paper 1 that broadly history, art & culture, and geography are to be covered to ace this paper. Following are some of the strategies that you can adopt to prepare this paper:

• History : Since the syllabus mentions only modern history, you can cover it from the books Spectrum (A Brief History of Modern India) & Bipin Chandra (History of Modern India)
• Art & Culture : Do not ignore the ancient and medieval history areas as questions from Art & Culture are asked from this portion. Glance through Class XI NCERT of Art & Culture to prepare this portion. Additionally, you can also refer to Indian Art & culture by Nitin Singhania
• Indian Society: Contemporary topics such as Indian Society, the Role of Women’s organizations, globalization, etc can be effectively covered by reading newspapers, monthly magazines, and PIB & PRS websites.
• Geography: The Geography part of the syllabus can be effectively covered from the NCERTs of Class XI and XII followed by a reading of books by Majid Hussain and GC Leong.
• Previous Year Questions & Mock Tests:  Cover at least ten years of PYQs of UPSC GS Paper 1 to assess the type of questions being asked and also browse through the answer copies of toppers. You can easily get these answer copies online. Evaluate them to understand a good answer’s important elements and incorporate them into your answer writing. Practice it regularly and get your copies evaluated by your mentors.

Recommended Booklist for UPSC GS Paper 1 for IAS Mains Exam

• The Wonder That Was India- A.L. Basham. (Culture)
• India’s Ancient Past – R.S. Sharma. (Culture)
• Indian Art and Culture – Nitin Singhania. (Culture)
• A Brief History of Modern India – Spectrum Book (History)
• History Of Modern India – Bipan Chandra. (History)
• India’s Struggle For Independence – Bipan Chandra. (History)
• India After Gandhi – Ramchandra Guha (History – GS1)
• Norman Lowe OR History of Modern World – Jain and Mathur (World History – GS1)
• Social Problems In India – Ram Ahuja. (Indian Society – GS1)
• Geography of India – Majid Husain. (Geography)
• Oxford School Atlas – Oxford. (Geography)
• Certificate Physical and Human Geography – Goh Cheng Leong. (Geography)

What is in General Studies Paper 1?

GS 1 Syllabus, Strategy & Structure to Crack IAS GS Paper 1 of UPSC Mains is one of the four general studies papers. It is a subjective type of paper consisting of subjects like History, Geography, Art and Culture, and Indian Society. Along with GS Paper 1, there are eight other papers in the Mains stage of the IAS Exam.

What is General Studies 1 in UPSC?

UPSC GS Paper 1 is titled “Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society”. It is one of the nine papers in the UPSC Civil Services (Main) Examination. Consisting of 250 marks, the UPSC General Studies Paper 1 is among the seven papers that are ranking in nature.

Which is the toughest GS paper?

However, the GS and CSAT papers left the aspirants in a state of shock. Many aspirants, who appeared in the CSE Prelims test, found Paper-I General Studies (GS) the toughest ever while some others described Paper 2 CSAT as moderate level.

What is General Studies Paper 2?

UPSC Mains GS-II is one of the nine subjective papers of the second stage of the Civil Services Examination. The UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination is conducted over 5 days. Out of these, the first two papers in IAS Exam – English and compulsory Indian language, are qualifying in nature.

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UPSC IAS Syllabus (Mains General Studies)

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The civil services examination is a nationwide competitive examination in India conducted by UPSC for the recruitment to various government posts. The examination is conducted in two phases--the preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers and the UPSC main examination , consisting of nine papers followed by a personality test. 

Union Public Service Commission has drastically changed the mains syllabus from 2013. 

In UPSC mains syllabus 2013 instead of two optional papers, now student will opt only one optional paper. Weightage of General Studies has been increased.

Here is the new pattern of UPSC General Studies syllabus in case of Civil Services mains examination.

::Paper-I::

Essay (250 marks).

To be written in the medium or language of the candidate's choice - Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. The choice of subjects will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

::Paper-II::

General studies-i : indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world and society( 250 marks ).

• Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
• Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues
• The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.
• Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
• History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
• Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
• Effects of globalization on Indian society Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
• Salient features of world's physical geography.
• Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
• Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

::Paper-III::

General studies-ii : governance, constitution, polity, social justice and international relations(250 marks).

• Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. 
• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
• Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
• Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
• Role of civil services in a democracy.
• India and its neighborhood- relations.
• Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests.
• Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.
• Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate.

::PAPER-IV::

General studies-iii : technology, economic development, bio-diversity, environment, security and disaster management (250 marks).

• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
• Government Budgeting.
• Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
• Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
• Land reforms in India.
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
• Investment models.
• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
• Disaster and disaster management.
• Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
• Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

::Paper-V::

General studies-iv : ethics, integrity and aptitude(250 marks).

• This paper will include questions to test the candidates' attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered.
• Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
• Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
• Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
• Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
• Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
• Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
• Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen's Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
• Case Studies on above issues.

::Paper‐VI & Paper VII::

Optional subject papers i & ii.

• Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2.

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UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper Analysis, Subjects Weightage and Trends!

UPSC mains GS 1 paper analysis will help aspirants tackle the subjects in a better way. You can check more information about UPSC mains GS 1 paper here!

UPSC mains GS 1 paper is one of the papers of UPSC mains examination. Candidates have to prepare the subjects well to score maximum marks in this paper. UPSC mains GS 1 paper analysis is the best way to predict the themes that may be repeated.

UPSC mains GS 1 paper is not a single subject. It consists of multiple subjects that are combined together to form the syllabus. To score well in the GS 1 paper, performance in all the subjects mentioned is important.

UPSC mains GS 1 paper analysis will serve as the necessary tool that will help candidates perform well in this paper and subsequently in the UPSC mains exam.

UPSC Mains Exam Overview

The UPSC mains exam consists of nine papers that have to be answered in descriptive format. The marks scored in the essay, 4 GS papers, and 2 optional papers will be considered to prepare the merit list. The 2 language papers are only qualifying in nature. The details of the UPSC mains exam are provided below.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper Overview

UPSC mains GS paper 1 is one of the nine papers candidates have to attempt in the UPSC mains exam. The marks scored in GS paper 1 will be considered while preparing the merit list and hence is important for candidates. Details of GS paper 1 are provided in the table below.

UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper Subject-wise Division

UPSC mains GS 1 paper consists of four subjects viz Geography, History, Indian Society and Indian Art and Culture. The detailed breakdown of these subjects into subtopics are as follows.

UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper 2024

UPSC mains GS 1 paper 2024 will be held on 21 st September 2024 (tentative). Going by the trends from past few years, questions are likely to be at moderate and difficult level. A subject-wise breakdown of UPSC mains GS 1 paper will be available after the exam. You can also download the paper as and when it becomes available.

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UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper Analysis 2023

UPSC mains GS 1 paper 2023 was held on 16 th September 2023. Following were the trends observed in the UPSC mains GS 1 paper 2023.

• The examiner had asked many open-ended questions in GS Paper 1. This increased the difficulty level.
• The questions from ancient history tested the analytical skills and knowledge depth of the candidate. 
• Modern history questions were tricky, as ideologies of famous personalities and the impact of colonial rule were also asked.
• Post independence India and medieval history questions were simple and did not go much into analytical aspects.
• The world history question was based on colonisation across the world. The question can be considered a little challenging.
• There was no direct question related to art and culture in this year’s paper. 
• In Indian society, candidates must be able to present the current challenges. The impact of modern trends and technology on society must be known.
• In geography, climate change has added a new dimension to the subject. Questions have been asked linking climate change and its effects on geographical phenomena.

UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper Analysis Last Five Years

UPSC mains GS 1 paper has subjects such as History and Geography. UPSC does not ask an equal number of questions from all these subjects. Candidates can check the weightage of subjects in the past few years by analysing the graph below.

Aiming for UPSC 2025? Opt for the best courses from Physics Wallah to boost your preparation! Register Now!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difficulty level of questions asked in upsc mains gs 1 paper, what is the average score of candidates in upsc mains gs 1 paper, can upsc ask history and geography optional questions in upsc mains gs 1 paper, which subject has more weightage in upsc mains gs 1 paper, is art and culture part of upsc mains gs 1 paper.

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Table of Contents

GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1: UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination – 2018

Instructions.

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• There are 20 questions printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
• All questions are compulsory.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
• Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than authorized one.
• Answers to questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words.
• Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
• Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Comment (10)
• Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the reconstruction of the history of India. (10)
• Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times. (10)
• Why is the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation? (10 )
• Why is India taking a keen interest in the Arctic region? (10)
• Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics. (10)
• What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem? (10)
• “Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, the caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment. (10)
• ‘Despite the implementation of various programmes for the eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing’. Explain by giving reasons. (10)
• How the Indian concept of secularism different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. (10)
• The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss. (15)
• Discuss whether the formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India. (15)
• Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to their colonies? Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? (15)
• “The ideal solution of depleting groundwater resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas? (15)
• Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India. (15)
• What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics. (15)
• Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success. (15)
• ‘Women’s movement in India has not addresses the issues of women of lower social strata.’ Substantiate your view. (15)
• ‘Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate.
• ‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.’ Argue by giving suitable illustrations. (15)

UPSC CSE General Studies Paper 1 (GS1) Question Paper: Analysis

Except 1 or 2 questions, most questions are very general in nature. Thus what matters most in this exam is how you present your answers on the exam sheet. The way candidates structure your answers, making it easy for the examiner to find your best points will be crucial.

Many of the questions are directly picked from NCERTs (Class 6-12). For example, the question of Globalisation and cultural homogenisation can be easily answered had the candidate gone through the NCERT text ‘Contemporary World Politics – Class 12 Text Book Political Science’.

Many similar questions can also be found in ClearIAS Mock Question Papers for UPSC Mains (and our archives) . Hope the question paper didn’t create much trouble. Feel free to post your feedback about the question paper in the comment section below.

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Reader Interactions

September 29, 2018 at 8:55 pm

I’m interested to sit for IAS Exams in 2021

October 1, 2018 at 11:32 am

October 1, 2018 at 2:58 pm

Thank you so much Guys, I was looking for this all over the internet but no luck. Then I found your blog.. It is well written and awesome.. Your blog has almost everything required for UPSC Exam. Thank you again from bottom of my Heart.

October 10, 2018 at 6:41 am

Very interesting paper

July 15, 2019 at 5:51 pm

Bakwaas paper. Kuch zyaada hi easy tha.

August 6, 2019 at 9:31 pm

Could someone tell me what portion of these 20 questions archived through NCERT.

September 15, 2020 at 10:33 am

Enikkum venam

July 16, 2020 at 12:09 pm

yes, the paper isn’t that tough but we need to understand that for the people who haven’t studied much found it too easy then what about those who are learning and practicing various questions for months or years. it’s not about easy questions rather it’s about the way we present our answers, it’s about our thinking and our writing skills. there are thousands of people appearing for mains exam so it makes really very tough for the participants to give various and unique views at the same time for each answer. only those are selected who have really thought the solutions in a different way. hence, we can see the competition we all have to face!

September 4, 2020 at 10:00 pm

Thanks you so much for providing free of cost Pdf sir. thanks you sir

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UPSC CSE Prelims Important Questions 2024 for General Studies (GS) with Answers

Upsc cse prelims important questions 2024 for general studies, including history, general science, geography, economy, current events, polity, and much more, have been updated here. check out the top questions asked repeatedly in the exam.

UPSC CSE Prelims Important Questions 2024: The Union Public Service Commission's (UPSC) Civil Service Examination (CSE) is scheduled for June 16, 2024. The UPSC CSE prelims exam is divided into two papers i.e. general studies 1 and general studies 2 (CSAT). The UPSC CSE general studies question paper comprises important questions from subjects like history, general science, geography, economy, current events, polity, Indian national movement, environmental issues and much more. 

Most Expected Questions for UPSC CSE Prelims 2024

Check out the top questions discussed below that were repeatedly asked in the preliminary examination from history, general science, geography, economy, current events, polity, Indian national movement, environmental issues, and so on.

Q1. Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls at sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland? 

(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves 

(b) Marakkanam Salt Pans 

(c) Naupada Swamp 

(d) Rann of Kutch

Q2. About three-fourths of world's cobalt, a metal required for the manufacture of batteries for electric motor vehicles, is produced by

(a) Argentina

(b) Botswana

(c) the Democratic Republic. of the Congo

(d) Kazakhstan

Q3. Consider the following statements: 

Statement- I: Marsupials are not naturally found in India.

Statement-II: Marsupials can thrive only in montane grasslands with no predators.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

• Some mushrooms have medicinal properties. 
• Some mushrooms have psychoactive properties. 
• Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties. 
• Some mushrooms have bioluminescent properties. 

How many of the above statements are correct? 

(a) Only one 

(b) Only two 

(c) Only three 

(d) All four 

Q5: Which of the following organisms performs a waggle dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and distance to a source of their food? 

(a) Butterflies 

(b) Dragonflies 

(c) Honeybees 

• Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperature above the boiling point of water.
• Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperatures below the freezing point of water.
• Some microorganisms can grow in highly acidic environments with a pH below 3.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

• Aerosols 
• Foam agents 
• Fire retardants 
• Lubricants 

In the making, how many of the above hydrofluorocarbons are used? 

(d) All four

• Government Bond Market 
• Call Money Market 
• Treasury Bill Market 
• Stock Market 

How many of the above are included in capital markets? 

Q9: In India, which one of the following Constitutional Amendments was widely believed to be enacted to overcome the judicial interpretations of the Fundamental Rights?

(a) 1st Amendment

(b) 42nd Amendment

(c) 44th Amendment

(d) 86th Amendment

Q10. In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas, located?

(b) Gandhara

(c) Kalinga

(d) Magadha

Q11. With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar and Muchiri were well known as

(a) capital cities

(c) centres of iron-and-steel making

(d) shrines of Jain Tirthankaras 

Q12. With reference Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the

• IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits.
• IRNSS covers entire India and about 5500 sq. Km beyond its order.
• India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019.
• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• India is largest in the world in the manufacture of silicon wafers used in photovoltaic units
• The solar power tariffs are determined by the Solar Energy Corporation of India.
• Both 1 and 2
• Neither 1 nor 2

Q14. Which one of the following foreign travellers elaborately discussed about Diamonds and diamond mines in India?

(a) Francois Bernier

(b) Jean-Baptiste Tavernier

(c) Jean de Thevenot

(d) Abbe Barthelemy Carre

• The NGT has been established by an act, and the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the government.
• The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the High Courts, whereas the CPCB promotes the cleanliness of streams and wells, aims to improve the quality of air in the country.

Which of the statements given below is/are correct?

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Governments can operate in ways that make the majority happy while ignoring the needs and rights of the minority according to the philosophy of utilitarianism. Do you agree with this view? Debate.

Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics;

6. Governments can operate in ways that make the majority happy while ignoring the needs and rights of the minority according to the philosophy of utilitarianism. Do you agree with this view? Debate. (150 words)

Difficulty Level: Tough

Reference: plato.stanford.edu

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Key Demand of the question: To write about the relation between needs of majority and utilitarian ethics. Directive:  Debate – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Start by describing utilitarianism. Body: First, write about the limitations of utilitarianism which paves the way for governments to function in ways that bring happiness to a majority but ignore the wishes and rights of a minority. Substantiate with examples. Next, counter the above as to how utilitarianism is not just about majority or minority but about maximum good for maximum people. Cite examples. Conclusion: Conclude the answer by giving a balanced opinion.

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